Giáo trình ACNA - Chap11 docx

• Understand the relationship between hardware devices and drivers • Install a device driver • Use Device Manager to view and manage hardware devices and their device drivers • Trouble

MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS

Chapter 11

• Understand the relationship between hardware

devices and drivers

• Install a device driver

• Use Device Manager to view and manage hardware

devices and their device drivers

• Troubleshoot device driver problems

UNDERSTANDING DEVICE DRIVERS

What is a device driver?

• Software routines that implement device-specific

functions for generic input/output operations

• Communication interface between the operating

system and the hardware device

• Defines and processes device commands.

DEVICE DRIVER FUNCTIONS

• A device driver exposes device-specific routines to

device-independent functions in the operating

system

• A device driver allows you to manipulate the

physical properties of hardware devices

• A device driver can provide functionality through two

separate driver components

DEVICES AND DRIVERS

• Some drivers (standard keyboard, mouse) are

generic, so a single driver can be used with

hundreds of compatible devices

• Other drivers are very specific and work only with

a specific model of device

• Generic drivers require less frequent updating

and therefore present fewer challenges to the

administrator

• Device driver may not be available or unsupported.

DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE

CONFIGURING HARDWARE RESOURCES

Issues with manual configuration:

• Limited device resource settings

• Resource depletion

• Device conflicts

PLUG AND PLAY (PnP)

• Introduced in 1995 (aka Plug and Pray)

• Detects new hardware

• Installs the appropriate device driver

• Determines what hardware resources the device

requires

• Scans the system for available hardware resources

• Selects appropriate resource settings for the device

• Configures both the device and the device driver

that will use the selected resources

Non-PnP COMPLIANT OR STANDARD DEVICE

Manual device driver installation and configuration:

• The system fails to detect the new device

• The system detects the device but cannot identify

• The system cannot identify the specific model

• The system installs but cannot configure the device

• The system installs the wrong device driver

CREATING A DRIVER MAINTENANCE

STRATEGY

When a new driver is released by a manufacturer,administrators must decide:

• If and when updates should be installed

• How the updates should be installed

TO UPDATE OR NOT?

• Hardware manufacturers generally release new

device drivers:

• To enhance performance

• To implement new features

• To address problems with previous driver releases

• On a server system, all new drivers should be tested

before installation A new driver might cause issues with existing hardware

USERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND DEVICE

DRIVER INSTALLATION

• Updating device drivers might require the

administrator to visit every system In large

environments this can be problematic

• Many drivers can be included in “silent” installation

packages or distributed via scripts or group policy

• Windows Server 2003 includes driver signing

options and the ability to grant selective driver

installation privileges to appropriate users

CONTROLLING DEVICE DRIVER ACCESS

• Members of the Administrators group have full

access to load, unload, configure, and manage

devices and device drivers

• Users can install a new device if it requires no

resource configuration and if a signed driver for that device already exists on the system Facilitates

installing devices that use USB or FireWire

connections

• Can be a major data security (risk) issue

DRIVER SIGNING OPTIONS

• Driver signing guarantees tested drivers

• Windows Hardware Quality Laboratory

USING CONTROL PANEL

USING THE ADD HARDWARE WIZARD

• Control Panel

• Add hardware

• Manual install

USING DEVICE MANAGER

ENABLING AND DISABLING DEVICES

• A device can be disabled and enabled through

Device Manager

• Disabled devices appear in Device Manager with a

red X on their icons in Device Manager

• A disabled device cannot be accessed by the

operating system

• A disabled device can be assigned different

hardware resources when it is re-enabled

UNINSTALLING DEVICE DRIVERS

• If the device was installed by Plug and Play, the

device driver is removed and the hardware is

deleted from Device Manager

• If the device was installed manually, the device

driver is removed but the hardware remains in

Device Manager and is marked as a device that

cannot be started, is improperly configured, or does not have a device driver installed

MANAGING DEVICE PROPERTIES

UPDATING DRIVERS

ROLLING BACK DRIVERS

MANAGING HARDWARE RESOURCES

TROUBLESHOOTING DEVICES AND DRIVERS

• Device Manager status codes

• Using hardware troubleshooters

• Recovering from device disaster

DEVICE MANAGER STATUS CODES

• Provides a mechanism for the operating system to

indicate the type of problem being experienced by the device

• Can be viewed in the Device Status box on the

General tab of the device’s properties

• Uses a numeric code to indicate the problem

USING HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTERS

RECOVERING FROM DEVICE DISASTER

• Driver Rollback

• Last Known Good Configuration

• Safe Mode

• Recovery Console

• Device drivers are software components that

enable applications and operating systems to

communicate with specific hardware devices

• Plug and Play is a standard that enables computers

to detect and identify hardware devices, and then

install and configure drivers for those devices

• Drivers for a device might be included with Windows

Server 2003, or you might need to obtain the latest driver from the device manufacturer

SUMMARY (continued)

• The drivers included with Windows Server 2003 are

all digitally signed, to ensure that they have not

been tampered with

• Device Manager is an MMC snap-in that lists all

hardware devices in the computer and indicates

problems with identification or driver configuration

SUMMARY (continued)

• Device Manager allows you to enable and disable

devices, update and roll back drivers, manage

device driver properties, and resolve hardware

resource conflicts

• Users must have administrative privileges to install

and manage hardware devices and their drivers, although users can install Plug and Play devices

if no additional drivers or user interaction are

required

SUMMARY (continued)

• Many hardware manufacturers periodically release

driver updates; it is up to system administrators

to decide whether to install the updates, when,

and how

• The Last Known Good Configuration option is useful

for reverting to a previously used driver, but only

if you have not logged on to the system after

restarting

• Safe mode loads a minimal set of drivers, enabling

you to access Device Manager and disable,

uninstall, or roll back a driver that is causing a

problem