Note that this version of modprobe does not do anything to the module itself: the work of resolving symbols and understanding parameters is done inside the kernel.. This file lists wha
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Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 THAM KHẢO LỆNH MODPROBE:
NAME
modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
SYNOPSIS
modprobe [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -C config-file ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ -q ] [ -Q ] [
-o modulename ] [ modulename ] [ module parameters ]
modprobe [ -r ] [ -v ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ modulename ]
modprobe [ -l ] [ -t dirname ] [ wildcard ]
modprobe [ -c ]
DESCRIPTION
modprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux kernel:
note that for convenience, there is no difference between _ and - in
module names modprobe looks in the module directory /lib/modâ? ules/â?˜uname -râ?˜ for all the modules and other files, except for the
optional /etc/modprobe.conf configuration file and /etc/modprobe.d
directory (see modprobe.conf(5)) All files in the /etc/modâ?
probe.d/arch/ directory are ignored
Note that this version of modprobe does not do anything to the module
itself: the work of resolving symbols and understanding parameters is
done inside the kernel So module failure is sometimes accompanied by
a kernel message: see dmesg(8)
modprobe expects an up-to-date modules.dep file, as generated by depmod (see depmod(8)) This file lists what other modules each module needs
(if any), and modprobe uses this to add or remove these dependencies
automatically See modules.dep(5))
If any arguments are given after the modulename, they are passed to the
kernel (in addition to any options listed in the configuration file)
OPTIONS
-v verbose
Print messages about what the program is doing Usually modâ?â? probe only prints messages if something goes wrong
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
Trang 2variable
-C config
This option overrides the default configuration file (/etc/modâ?
probe.conf or /etc/modprobe.d/ if that isnâ?™t found)
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment variable
-c showconfig
Dump out the configuration file and exit
-n dry-run
This option does everything but actually insert or delete the
modules (or run the install or remove commands) Combined with
-v, it is useful for debugging problems
-i ignore-install ignore-remove
This option causes modprobe to ignore install and remove comâ?
mands in the configuration file (if any), for the module on the
command line (any dependent modules are still subject to comâ?
mands set for them in the configuration file) See modâ?â?
probe.conf(5)
-q quiet
Normally modprobe will report an error if you try to remove or
insert a module it canâ?™t find (and isnâ?™t an alias or
install/remove command) With this flag, modprobe will simply
ignore any bogus names (the kernel uses this to opportunistiâ?
cally probe for modules which might exist)
-Q silent
As -q with the addition that all warnings and errors are also
silenced
-r remove
This option causes modprobe to remove, rather than insert a modâ?
ule If the modules it depends on are also unused, modprobe
will try to remove them, too Unlike insertion, more than one
module can be specified on the command line (it does not make
sense to specify module parameters when removing modules)
There is usually no reason to remove modules, but some buggy
modules require it Your kernel may not support removal of modâ?
ules
-V version
Show version of program, and exit See below for caveats when
run on older kernels
Trang 3-f force
Try to strip any versioning information from the module, which
might otherwise stop it from loading: this is the same as using
both force-vermagic and force-modversion Naturally, these
checks are there for your protection, so using this option is
dangerous
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
on the command line, and any modules it depends on
force-vermagic
Every module contains a small string containing important inforâ?
mation, such as the kernel and compiler versions If a module
fails to load and the kernel complains that the "version magic"
doesnâ?™t match, you can use this option to remove it Naturally,
this check is there for your protection, so this using option is
dangerous
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
on the command line, and any modules it depends on
force-modversion
When modules are compiled with CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, a section
is created detailing the versions of every interface used by (or
supplied by) the module If a module fails to load and the kerâ?
nel complains that the module disagrees about a version of some
interface, you can use " force-modversion" to remove the verâ?
sion information altogether Naturally, this check is there for
your protection, so using this option is dangerous
This applies any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on
the command line, and any modules it depends on
-l list
List all modules matching the given wildcard (or "*" if no wildâ?
card is given) This option is provided for backwards compatiâ?
bility: see find(1) and basename(1) for a more flexible alternaâ?
tive
-a all
Insert all module names on the command line
-t type
Restrict -l to modules in directories matching the dirname
given This option is provided for backwards compatibility: see
find(1) and basename(1) or a more flexible alternative
-s syslog
This option causes any error messages to go through the syslog
Trang 4mechanism (as LOG_DAEMON with level LOG_NOTICE) rather than to standard error This is also automatically enabled when stderr
is unavailable
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment variable
set-version
Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to decide on
the kernel version (which dictates where to find the modules)
This also disables backwards compatibility checks (so modâ?â?
probe.modutils(8) will never be run)
show-depends
List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including the modâ?
ule itself This produces a (possibly empty) set of module
filenames, one per line, each starting with "insmod" Install
commands which apply are shown prefixed by "install" It does
not run any of the install commands Note that modinfo(8) can
be used to extract dependencies of a module from the module
itself, but knows nothing of aliases or install commands
-o name
This option tries to rename the module which is being inserted
into the kernel Some testing modules can usefully be inserted
multiple times, but the kernel refuses to have two modules of
the same name Normally, modules should not require multiple
insertions, as that would make them useless if there were no
module support
first-time
Normally, modprobe will succeed (and do nothing) if told to
insert a module which is already present, or remove a module
which isnâ?™t present This is backwards compatible with the
modutils, and ideal for simple scripts However, more compliâ?
cated scripts often want to know whether modprobe really did
something: this option makes modprobe fail for that case
BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
This version of modprobe is for kernels 2.5.48 and above If it
detects a kernel with support for old-style modules (for which much of
the work was done in userspace), it will attempt to run modprobe.moduâ?â? tils in its place, so it is completely transparent to the user
Error!
Trang 5Quản lý các tập tin
Di chuyển / liệt kê các tập tin
Tập tin và thư mục
Nội dung các tập tin
pwd
hiển lên tên thư mục đang làm việc với
cp file1 file2
chép file1 sang file2
cat file
xuất hiện nội dung của tập tin file trên màn
hình ở dạng mã ASCII
cd
di chuyển sang thư mục « /home/ người_dùng »
cp file / thưmục
chép file vào thư mục « thưmục »
more file
xuất hiên nội dung của tập tin file trên màn
cd ~/Desktop
di chuyển sang thư mục
cp -r thưmục1 thưmục2
chép toàn bộ nội dung của thư mục
hình theo chế độ từng trang một : ấn phím
« /home/người_dùng/ Desktop »
rsync -a thưmục1 thưmục2
« thưmục1 » sang thư mục « thưmục2 »
« Enter » để xuống 1 dòng ; ấn phím « Space »
để sang thêm 1 trang ; ấn phím « q » để thoắt
cd
di chuyển sang thư mục cha (ngay trên thư mục hiện
mv file1 file2
chuyển tên tập tin file1 thành tên file2
hành)
less file
« less » giống như « more », nhưng cho phép
mv thưmục1 thưmục2
chuyển tên thưmục1 thành thưmục2
dùng phím [Page Down]
cd /usr/apt
di chuyển sang thư mục « /usr/apt »
mv file thưmục