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Trang 8RBAC (role-based access control), 744
sequential access devices, 420-421
activation, sequence diagrams, 389-390
active database systems, 19
design and implementation issues, 761-763
generalized model for, 757-761
potential applications for, 766technology, 3
active state, transactions, 559activity diagrams, 392acyclic graphs,44
ad-hoc querying, 907addition(+)operator, 227administrators.Seedatabase administratorsAdvanced Encryption Standards (AES), 749advanced replication, 831
aggregate functions, 165-168,238-240,509-511aggregation, 76, 112-113
algebra.Seerelational algebraalgorithms
normalization, 345-347relational database design, 340-347aliases, 222
all-key relations, 350ALL keyword, 226allocation, 812-815contiguous, 426indexed, 427linked,426ALTER command, 217-218
1009
Trang 9application development environments, 37
application layer (three-tier client-server architecture),
atomic literals, 668atomic objects, 674-676atomic value, 130atoms, 175, 182attribute-defined specialization, 92, 104attributes, 75
atomic, 55-56Boolean type, 200complex, 56-57composite, 55-56, 58defined, 27
derived,56discriminating, 201domain of, 75entities and, 53-57entity types of, 57-58grouping, 240image, 201inheritance, 86key, 57link, 76local,89multivalued, 56null values, 56prime, 314
of relationship types, 67-68relationships as, 63-64renaming, 236simple, 55-56single-valued, 56specific, 89stored,56tags, 845value sets of, 59-60audio, multimedia data, 924audits, security, 735authorization identifier, 209authorization subsystem, security and, 16automated database design tools, 401-405autonomy, in federated DBMS, 816-817availability, 807
AVERAGE function, 165AVG function, 238-240
B
B+-trees, 474-481B-trees, 443, 471-474
Trang 10bit-level data striping, 446
bit-string data types, 212
boolean data types, 212
Boolean type attributes, 200
bottom-up conceptual synthesis, 98
bottom-up design methodology, relation schema, 294
bound columns, 278
Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF), 324-326
broadcasting, 919
browsing interfaces, 34
btt (block transfer time), disk parameters, 952
buffer manager modules, 36
caching, of disk blocks, 613-614
calculus Seerelational calculus
Index /1011
Call Language Interface (CLI), 248CALL statement, 285
candidate keys, 305, 314canned transactions, 262cardinality ratio, 65-66, 129CARTESIAN PRODUCT operation, 158cascading rollback, 565, 616CASE (computer-assisted software engineering), 383,402-403
casual end users, 13-14catalog
DBMS, 9SQL, 209-213category, 98-100,202-203
centralized DBMS, 38character-string data types, 212CHECK clause, 216
checkpoints, recovery, 615-616child nodes, 469
class diagrams, 74-76,386-387class libraries, 280
class name, 75class properties, IIIclass/subclass relationships, 86classes, 103, 280
base, 104defined,75driver manager, 280independent, 113leaf, 104
meta-class, IIIclassificationdata mining, 870, 882-885defined, 111
clausesFROM, 219-220INTO, 267CHECK, 216WITH CHECK OPTION, 261FOREIGN, 215
GROUP BY, 240-243HAVING, 240-243PRIMARY, 214SELECT, 219-220,498-501UNIQUE, 215
FOR UPDATE OF, 269WHERE, 219-220,223-224CLI (Call Language Interface), 248client computers, 36
client machines, 39client modules, 25client programs, 36, 263client/server architecture, 38clients, defined, 40
Trang 11commercial tools, data mining,891-894
commit point, transactions,561-562
committed state, transactions,560
conceptual data models,26
conceptual database design,52, 371-380
confidence, data mining,872
connecting fields,442
connection objects,281
connection records, 277
connectionsdatabase servers,263
to databases,266
constraintsapplication-based,133
correlated nested queries, 232-233
cost-based query optimization,523-532COUNTfunction,238-240
covert channels,733, 748-749CREATE ASSERTIONstatement,256CREATE SCHEMAcommand,209CREATE TABLEcommand,210-211CREATE VIEWcommand,258-259
credentials,745CROSS PRODUCToperation, 162
current state,29
cursors,263, 267
cylinders, disks,416
Trang 12DAC (discretionary access control), 743-744
DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language), 926
bit-level data striping, 446
complex relationships among, 18
Data Blade modules, 712
data definition language (DOL), 32, 137
data dictionary systems, 37, 364
data-driven design, 367
Data Encryption Standard (DES), 749-750
data management issues
mobile databases, 920-921
multimedia databases, 924-925
open research problems, 925-928
data manipulation language (DML), 32-33
discovery of patterns in time series, 889
discovery of sequential patterns, 888
time, 212-213, 423time series, 718-719timestamp, 213two-dimensional,717-718data warehouses, 3
building, 907-910characteristics of, 901-902data marts, 902
data modeling for, 902-907defined,900
distributed,910enterprise-data, 902federated,910functionality of, 910-911problems and open issues in, 912-913viewsversus, 911
virtual data, 902database administrators (DBA), 12interfaces for, 34
security and, 734database applications, 49, 52-53, 255, 262database designers, 13
database management systems.SeeDBMSdatabase programming
approaches to, 262-263impedance mismatch, 263languages, 262
sequence interaction, 263-264database programming languages, 255database schema, 27-28, 115database servers, 36, 263database state, 28database systemsactive, 19active database technology, 3characteristics, 8-11deductive, 19environment, 35-38
Trang 13real-time database technology, 3
simple example of,6-8
date data type,212-213,423
DBA(database administrators), 12
procedural program code, 19
RDBMS(relational database management systems), 21
declare section, shared variables,265
decompositions.Seerelational decompositiondeduction rules, inferencing,19
deductive database systems,19
design, database designactive database systems,761-763
automated tools for,401-405
centralized schema design approach, 372conceptual design,52, 371-380
Trang 14Relation Rose design tool,395-399
requirements collection and analysis,369-371
system designers,14
system implementation and tuning,384-385
tuning,543-544
UMLdiagrams as aid to,385-395
University database design example,393-394
view integration approach, 372
distinct data types, 713
distributed database systems
parallelversusdistributed technology,805
query processing in,818-824
division (/) operator,227
DIVISIONoperation, 163-165
DML(data manipulation language),32-33
Document Type Definition(DTD), 849
documents, 113headers,845XML, 855-859
domain-key normal forms(DKNF),357
domain of knowledge,110
domains
of attributes,75
constraints, 133logical definitions of,127
structured,75
dot notation,652, 671
double buffering, 421
double-sided disks,415
downward closure property,873
dozing, mobile environments,919
DTD(Document Type Definition),849
DTM(digital terrain modeling),932
duplicate elimination,153
dynamic files,429
dynamicSQL,256, 270-271E
e-comrnerce (electronic commerce),21, 745
e-mail servers,39
ECAmodel, active database systems,757-761
EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory), 413
EER(Enhanced-ER) model, 50, 86, 693
model concepts,103-104
model constructs, mapping to relations,199-202,206
electronic commerce (e-cornmercc), 21, 745