186 Maintaining Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Systems.. Part IV System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in a Hyper-V Environment 8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Prime
Trang 1Managing Backups Using the Command-Line Utility Wbadmin.exe 186
Viewing Backup History 186
Running a Manual Backup to Remote Storage Using Wbadmin.exe 186
Maintaining Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Systems 187
Daily Maintenance 187
Weekly Maintenance 190
Monthly Maintenance 192
Quarterly Maintenance 193
Performing Management Tasks with Server Manager 193
Server Manager Roles Page 194
Server Manager Diagnostics Page 196
Server Manager Configuration Page 200
Summary 206
Best Practices 206
7 Optimizing the Hyper-V Host Server and Guest Sessions 209 Defining Capacity Analysis 209
The Benefits of Capacity Analysis and Performance Optimization 210
Establishing Policy and Metric Baselines 211
Benchmark Baselines 212
Using Capacity-Analysis Tools 214
Task Manager 214
Network Monitor 216
Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor 223
Other Microsoft Assessment and Planning Tools 227
Third-Party Toolset 233
Optimizing the Performance of Hyper-V Host Servers and Guest Sessions 234
Resource Allocation to Hyper-V Guest Sessions 234
Optimizing Disk Configuration for Hyper-V Guest Sessions 236
Monitoring System Performance 238
Key Elements to Monitor for Bottlenecks 239
Monitoring System Memory and Pagefile Usage 239
Analyzing Processor Usage 243
Evaluating the Disk Subsystem 244
Monitoring the Network Subsystem 245
Optimizing Performance by Server Roles 247
Virtual Servers 248
Summary 249
Best Practices 249
Trang 2Part IV System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in a Hyper-V Environment
8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer 253
What Is Virtual Machine Manager? 253
History of Virtualization and Virtualization Management 253
Microsoft History of Virtualization 254
Microsoft’s History on Virtualization Management 254
What Is Virtual Machine Manager 2008? 255
Components of VMM 255
VMM on Top of PowerShell 256
PowerShell Support in VMM 2008 257
Consoles in VMM 257
VMM Self-Service Portal 258
VMM Administrative Console 258
Administrative Console in VMM 258
The Navigation Pane 259
Administrator Console Layout 261
Heterogeneous VM Management 261
VMs Managed by VMM 2008 261
Backward Compatibility and Enhancements in VMM 2008 262
Cluster Support in VMM 2008 263
The Importance of Clusters in the Virtual Environment 263
High Availability with Clustered Hosts 263
The VMM Library 263
Hardware Profiles 264
Guest OS Profiles 264
Disk Images and ISO Image Files 264
VM Templates 265
Roles-Based Access Control 265
User Roles in VMM 2008 265
The Value VMM 2008 Brings to the Enterprise 266
Centralized Management 266
Decreases Server Sprawl 267
Integration with System Center Operations Manager 2007 267
Profiles and Templates Make Provisioning Easier 267
Self-Service Provisioning 267
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 267
Optimized Resource Allocation 268
Physical and Virtual Server Conversions 268
Roles-Based Access Control 269
Trang 3Who Needs VMM 2008? 269
VMM 2008 for Delegated Administration Environments 269
VMM 2008 for Structure ITIL-Based Organizations 269
VMM 2008 for Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 269
VMM 2008 for Dynamically Adjusting Environments 269
VMM 2008 for Highly Leveraged Virtual Environments 270
VMM 2008 for VM Conversion Requirements 270
VMM 2008 for Heterogeneous Environments 270
Summary 270
Best Practices 271
9 Installing and Getting Familiar with Virtual Machine Manager 2008 273 Understanding the Components of VMM 2008 273
The VMM 2008 Server 273
The Administrator Console 274
The Self-Service Portal 274
The Local Agent 275
Preparing the Server for VMM 2008 275
Single- or Multiple-Server Deployments 275
Supported Operating Systems for VMM Components 276
Prerequisite Software 277
VMM Database Considerations 278
VMM 2008 Installation 280
Installing VMM Server and the SQL Server Express Database on Windows Server 2008 280
Installing the VMM Administrator Console 284
Installing the Self-Service Portal 286
Installation of the Local Agent 288
Understanding the VMM Administrator Console 289
Overview of the Administrator Console 289
Summary 298
Best Practices 299
10 Creating Guest Images from Existing Production and Virtual Systems 301 Understanding Virtual Machine Conversions 301
Physical Computers That Can Be Converted 301
Additional Requirements for P2V Conversion 302
Performing a P2V Conversion 303
Performing a P2V Online Conversion 303
Performing a V2V Conversion 310
Performing a V2V Conversion 311
Trang 4Creating a Virtual Lab 317
Using P2V to Create a Virtual Copy of Production 317
Summary 318
Best Practices 318
11 Using Virtual Machine Manager 2008 for Provisioning 321 Understanding Roles-Based Access and Delegation to Provision Virtual Machines 321
Administrator Role in VMM 2008 321
Delegated Administrator Within VMM 2008 322
Self-Service User as a Role in VMM 2008 322
Managing User Roles 322
Managing the Administrator User Role 322
Creating a Delegated Administrator User Role 324
Creating a Self-Service User Role 326
Modifying User Roles 330
Removing User Roles 331
Deploying Virtual Machines 331
Virtual Machine Placement 332
Deploying Virtual Machines Using the Administrator Console 334
Deploying a Virtual Machine Using the Self-Service Portal 337
Migrating a VM 340
The Migrate Virtual Machine Action 340
Drag and Drop the VM onto a Host 342
Drag and Drop the VM onto a Host Group 342
Summary 343
Best Practices 344
Part V Maintaining Guest Session Uptime in a Hyper-V Environment 12 Application-Level Failover and Disaster Recovery in a Hyper-V Environment 349 Choosing the Best Fault-Tolerance and Recovery Method 350
Using Native High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery Technologies Built in to an Application 350
Using Guest Clustering to Protect a Virtual Guest Session 352
Using Host Clustering to Protect an Entire Virtual Host System 353
Purchasing and Using Third-Party Applications for High Availability and Disaster Recovery 354
Failover Clustering in Windows Server 2008 354
Windows Server 2008 Cluster Terminology 355
Trang 5Overview of Failover Clustering in a Hyper-V Host Environment 358
Failover Cluster Quorum Models 358
Shared Storage for Failover Clusters 359
Failover Cluster Node Operating System Selection 363
Deploying a Failover Cluster for Hyper-V Hosts 363
Installing the Failover Cluster Feature on a Hyper-V Host 365
Running the Validate a Configuration Wizard 366
Creating the Hyper-V Host Failover Cluster 367
Configuring Cluster Networks 368
Adding Nodes to the Hyper-V Host Cluster 371
Adding Storage to the Cluster 371
Cluster Quorum Configuration 372
Creating a Virtual Guest Session on the Host Cluster 373
Configuring Start Actions and Making the Virtual Guest Highly Available 374
Configuring Failover and Failback 376
Testing Failover Clusters 377
Failover Cluster Maintenance 379
Removing Nodes from a Failover Cluster 380
Backing Up and Restoring Failover Clusters 380
Failover Cluster Node Backup Best Practices 381
Restoring an Entire Cluster to a Previous State 381
Summary 383
Best Practices 383
13 Debugging and Problem Solving the Hyper-V Host and Guest Operating System 385 Using the Task Manager for Logging and Debugging 386
Monitoring Applications 387
Monitoring Processes 387
Monitoring Services 387
Monitoring Performance 388
Monitoring Network Performance 388
Monitoring User Activity 389
Using Event Viewer for Logging and Debugging 390
Examining the New Event Viewer User Interface 391
Conducting Additional Event Viewer Management Tasks 395
Performance and Reliability Monitoring 399
Resource Monitor 400
Performance Monitor 401
Reliability Monitor 404
Trang 6Data Collector Sets 405
Reports 407
Setting Baseline Values 409
Reducing Performance Monitoring Overhead 409
Important Objects to Monitor 410
Using the Debugging Tools Available in Windows Server 2008 411
TCP/IP Tools 411
System Startup and Recovery 418
Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool 420
Resources and Support Tools 421
Common Problems Found in Hyper-V 422
Hyper-V Installation-Related Problems 422
Hyper-V Networking-Related Problems 423
Hyper-V Configuration-Related Problems 424
Hyper-V Miscellaneous Problems 425
Summary 427
Best Practices 428
Index
429
Trang 7Rand Morimoto, Ph.D., MCSE, CISSP, has been in the computer industry for more than
30 years and has authored, co-authored, or been a contributing writer for dozens of
best-selling books on Windows 2008, Exchange 2007, Security, BizTalk Server, and remote and
mobile computing Rand is the president of Convergent Computing, an IT consulting
firm in the San Francisco Bay Area that was one of the key early adopter program partners
with Microsoft implementing beta versions of Windows Server 2008 in production
envi-ronments over 3 years before the product release Rand has spoken at more than 50
conferences and conventions around the world in the past year on tips, tricks, and best
practices on planning, migrating, and implementing Windows 2008 Hyper-V and System
Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008.
Jeff Guillet, MCITP, MCSE, CISSP, has been in the computer industry for more than 25
years and has been a contributing writer and technical editor for several books on
Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Exchange 2007, and Exchange 2003 Jeff is a
senior consultant for Convergent Computing and participates in many early adopter beta
programs Jeff holds Charter MCITP: Enterprise Administrator and MCITP: Enterprise
Messaging Administrator certifications for Windows Server 2008 and has maintained
MCSE certifications since 1999 He maintains a popular technical blog at www.expta.com
Trang 8I dedicate this book to Kelly and Chip, whose lives will hopefully be
made better by efforts we do today in virtualizing our computer data
centers as our part to make a greener IT environment!
—Rand Morimoto
I dedicate this book to my wife, Amy It is only through her love,
patience, and encouragement, even when I’m working long hours on
weekends and late nights after coming home from my “real” job,
that I enjoy my small successes.
—Jeff Guillet
Trang 9Rand Morimoto I would like to thank all the consultants at Convergent Computing
who have worked with Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 for
many, many months before the product release and have built up the knowledge and best
practices found in the pages of this book.
I also want to thank Kevin Lane and Ken Spann at Microsoft for including us in the early
adopter program on Hyper-V and giving us the opportunity to work with customers
willing to put a beta product into their production environments.
Thanks go out to the various Windows Server 2008 contributors whose knowledge and
content are leveraged in this Hyper-V book, including Chris Amaris, Chris Wallace, Kim
Amaris, Omar Droubi, Ross Mistry, and Scott Chimner.
And as always, a thank you to my mother, Vickie, whom I’m grateful to for all the lessons
you taught me about hard work, dedication, and determination that I put to use in
every-thing I do!
Jeff Guillet I would like to thank Rand Morimoto for all his help and coaching through
the development of this book His drive and quest for excellence fuels the excitement that
I have for technology and providing solutions for our clients It is an honor to work with
him.
I also want to acknowledge the application developers and program managers at
Microsoft for their hard work and for making such a great suite of software products It’s
amazing to see the products progress and mature so quickly between beta releases.
I would very much like to thank my parents, Art and Joan, for their support, love, and
encouragement They taught me the honor of good work, integrity, respect, and most of
all, how to be a good human being My dearest wish is to be as good a parent as both of
them are to me.
Trang 10As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commentator We value
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