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PART IV System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in a Hyper-V Environment IN THIS PART CHAPTER 8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer 253 CHAPTER 9 Installing a

7 Optimizing the Hyper-V Host Ser ver and Guest Sessions

At a minimum, monitor the most common contributors to performance bottlenecks:

memory and pagefile usage, processor, disk subsystem, and network subsystem

Identify and monitor server functions and roles along with the common set of

resources

When monitoring specific roles such as virtual servers, include the common

perfor-mance counters such as memory, CPU, disk, and network and counters specific to

the role of the server

Allocate process memory and resources to guest sessions that balance the

requested amount of memory for a guest session without over allocating resources

that may go unused

When configuring disk types, for the fastest performance choose a fixed-size disk

type so that the dynamic expansion of the image file does not impact the

perfor-mance of the host server or guest session

When placing guest images on a storage system, pick a storage system that has

rela-tively high-speed access and throughput If you don’t, the performance of the guest

session will be slowed because the Hyper-V host server will have slow

communica-tions with the guest session image files

Examine network-related error counters

PART IV

System Center Virtual

Machine Manager 2008

in a Hyper-V

Environment

IN THIS PART

CHAPTER 8 System Center Virtual Machine

Manager Technology Primer 253 CHAPTER 9 Installing and Getting Familiar with

Virtual Machine Manager 2008 273 CHAPTER 10 Creating Guest Images from

Existing Production and Virtual

CHAPTER 11 Using Virtual Machine Manager

2008 for Provisioning 321

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8

System Center Virtual

Machine Manager Technology Primer

IN THIS CHAPTER

What is Virtual Machine Manager?

History of Virtualization and Virtualization Management

What is Virtual Machine Manager 2008?

Consoles in VMM

Administrative Console in VMM

Heterogeneous VM Management

Cluster Support in VMM 2008

The VMM Library

Roles-Based Access Control

The Value VMM 2008 Brings to the Enterprise

Who Needs VMM 2008?

What Is Virtual Machine Manager?

Up to now, we have discussed what Hyper-V provides to

the data center and how to deploy and configure single

virtual machines Once the organization understands and

adopts the value of system virtualization, IT administrators

look for improved ways to deploy, control, and administer

the virtual infrastructure

Enter Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager

2008 Virtual Machine Manager 2008 (VMM 2008) provides

a System Center common management interface for the

virtualized data center that allows increased server

utiliza-tion and dynamic resource allocautiliza-tion It also works across

multiple virtualization platforms, including those from

Microsoft and VMware Third-party add-ons for XenSource,

XenWorks, and others will be available in the near future

VMM 2008 takes a holistic approach to managing the

virtual infrastructure by examining and rating the

virtual-ization hosts It compares these hosts against a set of

crite-ria and rates the suitability of the virtual machine (VM) to

be deployed on the hosts where it can be deployed This is

important because a single physical host server can host

tens of virtual machines

History of Virtualization and

Virtualization Management

Despite Microsoft having a major release of both Windows

server virtualization and Virtual Machine Management in

8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer

2008, their history in virtualization is less than six years old, with virtualization

manage-ment being less than year or two

Microsoft History of Virtualization

Microsoft obtained its role in virtualization by acquiring the technology and then

devel-oping it over time They first purchased virtualization technology and then developed the

technology into both a server and client product

Microsoft’s Introduction to Virtualization by Acquisition

Microsoft first entered the operating system virtualization market when it purchased

Connectix in 2003 Microsoft’s first VM product was Microsoft Virtual PC, which they

released as a free product in 2004 Virtual PC was meant to allow administrators to create

VMs on a desktop-class computer for testing purposes

Microsoft’s First Release of Server Virtualization

About the same time, they released Microsoft Virtual Server 2005, which was designed to

run on server-class equipment and offered more robust features In Q2 2006, Microsoft

made Virtual Server 2005 R2 Enterprise Edition a free download to better compete with

the free virtualization offerings from VMware and Xen Virtual machines are created and

managed through a Windows client application tool called VMRCplus or through an

Internet Information Services (IIS) web-based interface Virtual Server 2005 provides more

features than Virtual PC and is designed to run in the data center

Microsoft’s Client Virtualization

In Q1 2007, Microsoft released Virtual PC 2007 The main advantages over Virtual PC

2004 were support for hardware virtualization, viewing virtual machines on multiple

monitors, and support for Windows Vista as both host and guest The following year

Virtual PC 2007 SP1 was released

Microsoft’s History on Virtualization Management

While virtual servers and clients have helped organizations minimize the number of

phys-ical systems they have, the challenge has been to manage these virtual systems It wasn’t

until 2007 that Microsoft finally had a product dedicated to VM management, which has

then led to the current release covered in this book, Virtual Machine Manager 2008

Early Virtualization Management Techniques

Up to this point, VM management was performed by the system administrator using the

standard Windows monitoring and management techniques: viewing event logs,

What Is Virtual Machine Manager 2008?

proliferation of VMs in the data center, there grew a need to centralize VM management

and to manage the placement and provide disaster-recovery options for these guests

Release of Virtualization Machine Manager 2007

Microsoft’s answer to this need was Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager

2007 (VMM 2007) VMM 2007 was available in three versions: System Center Virtual

Machine Manager 2007, System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 Workgroup Edition

(VMM WGE 2007), and System Center Essentials 2007 (Essentials 2007) VMM 2007

provides comprehensive support for consolidating 32-bit physical servers onto virtual

infrastructures and rapid provisioning and deployment of new 32-bit virtual machines To

help IT administrators keep organized, VMM features a library to centrally manage the

building blocks of the virtual data center, including virtual hard drives, VMM templates,

and P2V conversions

Release of Virtualization Machine Manager 2008

Microsoft System Center VMM 2008 is the latest version of the VMM product line It

replaces System Center VMM 2007 and adds many new features, including full Hyper-V

support, 64-bit VM support, the ability to manage both Microsoft and VMware virtual

infrastructures, and more

What Is Virtual Machine Manager 2008?

Microsoft System Center VMM is a server application that administrators can use to

manage a large number of VMs across the virtual infrastructure

Components of VMM

VMM is a series of components that include Windows Server, SQL Server, a local agent, an

Administrative console, and a self-service console The components that make up VMM

include

A Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP1 or later server on which the VMM service

(server component) is installed

A Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database This database contains all VMM objects

Servers on which the VMM local agent is installed These servers act as hosts on

which to deploy VMs using VMM A host computer runs Microsoft Virtual Server

2005 R2, Virtual Server 2005 R2 Service Pack 1 (SP1), or Windows Server 2008 with

Hyper-V Be sure to read the Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V requirements in Chapter

4, “Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role.”

8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer

Servers on which the VMM local agent is installed that act as library servers Library

servers store resources for the VMM environment

Computers on which the VMM Administrative console is installed These computers

or servers provide the administrative GUI and command shell to manage the

physi-cal and virtual infrastructure

Web servers that act as self-service portals Self-service portals allow designated users

to create/manage their own VMs

NOTE

VMM components can be combined on the same server Please see Chapter 4,

“Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role,” for details

VMM on Top of PowerShell

The VMM command shell is built on Microsoft Windows PowerShell, an

administrator-focused interactive command-line shell and scripting platform that is integrated into the

Windows platform Windows PowerShell and the VMM command shell are installed with

VMM

Administrators can use the VMM command shell as an alternative to (or in addition to) the

VMM Administrative console for centralized management of the physical and virtual

system infrastructure Anything that can be done in the Administrative console can be

done using the VMM command shell The Administrative console even enables you to view

the command shell commands that the console will run before actually executing them

Windows PowerShell and VMM both provide commands (called cmdlets, shown in Figure

8.1) that administrators can use alone to perform simple administrative tasks or in

combi-nation with other cmdlets or command-line elements to perform more complex tasks

Consoles in VMM

PowerShell Support in VMM 2008

Like Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, VMM 2008 is written completely on top of

Windows PowerShell Anything that can be done in the Administrative console or the

self-service portal user interfaces can be done in PowerShell As a matter of fact, everything

done in these consoles is done in PowerShell When the administrator performs an action

from a console, that command, shown in Figure 8.2, is passed down to the PowerShell for

execution

The Administrative console offers a button at the execution of an action that displays the

PowerShell commands that will be run This allows the administrator to copy, modify, and

save a collection of cmdlets for easy automation of tasks They can then be run directly

from the command line

Consoles in VMM

The VMM server component manages the different components that make up the VMM

system Through the Administrative console, administrators manage the objects,

templates, and scripts stored in the VMM library server The self-service portal component

provides a way for designated users to provision/save their own VMs in the VMM library

The VMM server component recommends the best physical host server to host the VM or

best library server to store the VM image

VMM Self-Service Portal

The self-service portal, as shown in Figure 8.3, is a web console that provides a way for

self-service users to access any VM, regardless of whether it is VMware or Hyper-V Using

this console, users with appropriate rights can create, manage, and store VMs

8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer

VMM Administrative Console

The VMM Administrative console is the main console with which VMM administrators

and delegated administrators manage the virtual infrastructure components This includes

physical servers, virtual servers, virtual networks (VLANs), and the VMM library and all its

objects

Administrative Console in VMM

VMM 2008 provides a heterogeneous centralized management platform for VM

manage-ment The administrator can manage hosts running on Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V,

VMware ESX, and Microsoft Virtual Server using the same familiar System Center console

The VMM 2008 console, shown in Figure 8.4, offers the same consistent look, feel, and

behavior as other System Center products, including System Center Configuration

Manager 2007 (SCCM 2007) and System Center Operations Manager 2007 (SCOM 2007)

Administrative Console in VMM

The Navigation Pane

The VMM has in the Administrative console a Navigation pane The Navigation pane

enables the administrator to select which collection of objects the administrator wants to

work with The Navigation pane contains the following buttons:

Hosts

Virtual Machines

Library

Jobs

Administration

Hosts

Provides access to the Virtual Machine Overview, which displays a graphical dashboard of

hosts, VMs, recent jobs, and library resources in multicolor pie and bar charts Here you

can get a visual representation of the health of the hosts, the state of the VMs (running,

paused, stopped, and so on), status on recent jobs (running, canceled, failed, and so

forth), and the number of library resources (templates, virtual hard drives, answer scripts,

and the like) Clicking any one of the graphs will drill down to the corresponding

naviga-tion item