Tự học HTML và CSS trong 1 giờ - part 72 docx

Other Applications This lesson provided a brief tour of a few popular web applications that you can use to go beyond building websites made up of static HTML pages.. Spam Applications su

and Facebook users click the Like button, all of their friends will see that they liked it

and may click the link, too This can be an easy and powerful means of promoting your

site

The good news is that adding Facebook’s Like button is straightforward To generate the

code to include it on your site, go to http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/

plug-ins/like Just fill out the form to get the code you need to add to your pages When

you paste that code into your page, a Like button will appear that your users can click to

share your site on Facebook

You can also create a widget that tracks all the mentions of your website on Facebook

To do so, you use the Activity Feed plug, which can be found at http://developers

facebook.com/docs/reference/plug-ins/activity As with the other widgets, you fill out

the form on the page, and Facebook provides you with the code that you can paste into

your own page An example of the widget along with the form used to create it is in

Figure 22.20

686 LESSON 22: Content Management Systems and Publishing Platforms

FIGURE 22.20

Preview of the

Facebook Activity

widget.

Facebook provides a number of other widgets, too To get an idea of all the ways you can

integrate your website with Facebook, go to http://developers.facebook.com/

Other Applications

This lesson provided a brief tour of a few popular web applications that you can use to

go beyond building websites made up of static HTML pages Not only are there lots of

other applications out there, but there are also lots of other categories of applications out

there You can find guest books, shared calendars, discussion boards, tools for sharing

bookmarks, and everything in between Also, even though I focused on applications written

in PHP, there are equivalents of these applications written for many other platforms, too

Spam

Applications such as blogging tools and wikis enable you to build a relationship with

your users by allowing them to contribute to your site, either by posting comments or

contributing information of their own Unfortunately, spammers looking to advertise their

websites or raise their search engine rank also take advantage of these features by way of

programs that seek out and automatically post to sites running common software, such as

TypePad, WordPress, and MediaWiki (among others)

There are a number of approaches to combating spam These days, most popular

applica-tions provide tools that attempt to prevent spammers from posting; but even so, some

spam still makes it through I mention this only to let you know that it’s a risk of

deploy-ing these kinds of applications on the Web these days

The most important thing to remember is that you shouldn’t deploy one of these

applica-tions and then abandon it A MediaWiki installation that goes unused will be overrun

with spammers in no time The same is true for the comments sections of blogs, too If

you put up an application but then stop using it, you should remove the files or configure

your web server so that it is no longer publicly accessible Not only will it keep

spam-mers from filling up your databases with junk, but it will also be an act of good

citizen-ship on the Web

Summary

The purpose of this lesson was to take you beyond the realm of HTML, CSS, and

22

Workshop

This final workshop contains some questions about content management systems, as well

as a quiz and exercises

Q&A

Q What about security? I’ve read about security holes in some web applications.

A A number of popular web applications have been found to have bugs that can cause

security problems, and when you install an application, it’s important to keep an

eye on subsequent releases to make sure that you install updates that fix any

secu-rity holes that arise Deploying an application and not keeping it updated can leave

you vulnerable not only to malicious users who want to break into your servers,

but also spammers who look for problems with applications that can send mail to

use them to deliver spam The bottom line is that putting up an application on the

Web places some responsibility on the person who deployed it to keep it up-to-date

and prevent it from being used for nefarious purposes

Q Is there a way to automatically keep my applications up-to-date?

A Some servers run operating systems with package managers As long as you install

your applications from packages supported by the package managers, you can let

the operating system keep them up-to-date Doing so generally requires that you

run your own server If you are using a web hosting provider, you’re probably on

your own when it comes to installing updates Alternatively, you can use hosted

applications In that case, the company providing the applications is responsible for

keeping them all up-to-date

Q Will my web hosting provider install and maintain any of these applications

for me?

A Some web hosting providers maintain installations of popular applications so that

their customers don’t have to install the applications themselves For example,

there’s a list of web hosts that support WordPress at http://wordpress.org/hosting/

If you’re sure which application you want to use, it might make sense to select

your hosting provider on that basis

688 LESSON 22: Content Management Systems and Publishing Platforms

Quiz

1 What are some of the trade-offs between hosted applications and those you install

yourself?

2 Why do some applications require you to change the file permissions on the

server?

3 Why do most installable applications ask you to specify a prefix for table names in

a database?

Quiz Answers

1 Hosted applications tend to be less work up front and easier to maintain but offer

less flexibility than applications you install

2 Applications that make changes to the file system, either because they store their

data in files or because they allow users to upload files, generally require you to

change the file permissions for specific directories when you install them

3 Each application has its own table prefix to prevent naming conflicts when several

applications use the same database For example, several applications might have

their own table called “users.” Adding an application-specific prefix to it will

pre-vent conflicts

Exercises

1 Find out which operating system, application development environment, and

data-base are available from your web host, if you have one If you’re working on

inter-nal projects, find out about your servers from the Information Technology

department

2 Install one of the applications mentioned in this lesson, or one you find yourself,

and try it out

3 Go forth and put your new web publishing skills to good use

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APPENDIX A

Sources for Further

Information

Haven’t had enough yet? In this appendix, you’ll find the URLs for all

kinds of information about the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup

Language (HTML), and developing websites With this information, you

should find just about anything you need on the Web

692 APPENDIX A: Sources for Further Information

Some of the URLs in this appendix refer to FTP sites They might

be busy during business hours, and you might not access the files immediately Try again during nonprime hours.

Also, for mysterious reasons, some of these sites might be acces-sible through an FTP program but not through web browsers If you’re consistently refused by these sites using a browser, try an FTP program instead.

These sites are divided into the following categories and are listed in alphabetic order

under each category:

n Analytics

n Browsers

n Collections of HTML and web development information

n Imagemaps

n HTML editors and converters

n HTML validators, link checkers, and simple spiders

n JavaScript

n Log file parsers

n HTML style guides

n Servers and server administration

n Sound and video

n Specifications for HTML, HTTP, and URLs

n Server-side scripting

n Web publishing tools

n Other web-related topics

n Tools and information for images

n Web hosting providers

CAUTION

Analytics

Google Analytics

http://www.google.com/analytics/

Yahoo! Web Analytics

http://web.analytics.yahoo.com/

Digits Counter

http://www.digits.com/

LiveCounter

http://www.chami.com/counter/classic/

Bravenet Counter

http://www.bravenet.com/webtools/counter/StatCounter

http://www.statcounter.com

Site Meter

http://www.sitemeter.com/

Browsers

Internet Explorer

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/

Mozilla Firefox

http://www mozilla.com

Safari

http://www.apple.com/safari/

Google Chrome

http://www.google.com/chrome

Opera

IETester (allows testing multiple versions of IE)

http://www.my-debugbar.com/wiki/IETester/HomePage

Lynx (text-based browser)

http://lynx.browser.org/

Links (alternative to Lynx with better table handling)

http://links.sourceforge.net/

evolt Browser Archive (huge archive of old browsers)

http://browsers.evolt.org/

Collections of HTML and Web

Development Information

The home of the WWW Consortium

http://www.w3.org/

MSDN (Microsoft Developer’s Network) Online

http://msdn.microsoft.com/

Mozilla Developer Center

http://developer.mozilla.org

Yahoo! Developer Network

http://developer.yahoo.com/

Google Code

http://code.google.com/

evolt.org

http://www.evolt.org/

A List Apart

http://www.alistapart.com/

W3Schools

http://www.w3schools.com/

Smashing Magazine

http://www.smashingmagazine.com/

694 APPENDIX A: Sources for Further Information

QuirksMode

http://www.quirksmode.org/

Imagemaps

Mapedit: A tool for Windows and X11 for creating imagemap map files

http://www.boutell.com/mapedit/

image-maps.com (online tool for creating image maps)

http://www.image-maps.com/

HTML Editors and Converters

HTML-Kit

http://www.chami.com/html-kit/

TopStyle

http://www.topstyle4.com/

Adobe Dreamweaver

http://www.adobe.com/products/dreamweaver/

BBEdit (Mac OS)

http://www.barebones.com/

HTML Validators, Link Checkers, and

Simple Spiders

W3C Validator

http://validator.w3.org/

HTML Tidy

http://tidy.sourceforge.net/

HTML Validators, Link Checkers, and Simple Spiders 695