SQL VISUAL QUICKSTART GUIDE- P4 ppsx

To determine which version of Microsoft SQL Server you’re running, run the SQL Server command-line command osql -E -Q "SELECT @@VERSION;"or run the query SELECT SERVERPROPERTY'ProductVer

Microsoft SQL Server

Microsoft SQL Server is a commercial

DBMS that supports very large databases

and numbers of transactions It runs on

only Microsoft Windows operating systems

and is complex enough to require a

full-time database administrator (DBA) to run

and maintain it

Learn about SQL Server products at

www.microsoft.com/sqland download a

free 180-day trial copy of SQL Server or a

(permanently) free copy of SQL Server

Express Edition

This book covers Microsoft SQL Server 2008

but also includes tips for 2000 and 2005

To determine which version of Microsoft

SQL Server you’re running, run the SQL

Server command-line command osql -E

-Q "SELECT @@VERSION;"or run the query

SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion');

orSELECT @@VERSION;

✔ Tip

■ You can use the SET ANSI_DEFAULTS ON

option to make SQL Server conform to

standard SQL more closely

10

SQL Server 2000, 2005,

and 2008

If you’re upgrading from SQL Server 2000

to 2005/2008, here are a few things to know about running SQL programs:

◆ SQL Server 2005 and later support some standard SQL features that 2000 doesn’t (such as the EXCEPTand

INTERSECToperators, described in Chapter 9), but most of the SQL examples in this book will run the same in 2000, 2005, and 2008 If an example doesn’t run in all versions, look for a DBMS Tip

◆ SQL Server 2005/2008’s SQL Server Management Studio Query Editor replaces 2000’s SQL Query Analyzer

◆ SQL Server 2005/2008’s sqlcmd

command-line tool replaces 2000’s

osql The sqlcmdtool has many of the same command-line options as

osql(and osqlis still available in 2005/2008 for backward compati-bility) Run sqlcmd -?to show the syntax summary

◆ SQL Server Express Edition is a free, easy-to-use, lightweight version of SQL Server 2005/2008 SQL Server Management Studio Express is a com-panion graphical management tool, available as a separate download or bundled with SQL Server Express Edition

SQL Server 2000

To run SQL programs in SQL Server 2000, use the SQL Query Analyzer graphical tool

or the osqlcommand-line tool

To use SQL Query Analyzer:

1. On the Windows desktop, choose Start > All Programs > Microsoft SQL Server >

Query Analyzer

2. In the Connect to SQL Server dialog box, select the server and authentication mode; then click OK

3. On the toolbar (near the top edge of the window), select a database in the

drop-down list (Figure 1.16).

4. To run SQL interactively, type or paste an SQL statement in the query window

or

To run an SQL script, choose File > Open (or press Ctrl+Shift+P); navigate to and select the script file; then click Open

5. Choose Query > Execute (or press F5)

SQL Query Analyzer displays the results

in the bottom pane (Figure 1.17).

■ You also can run isqlwat a command prompt to launch SQL Query Analyzer

Figure 1.16 SQL Query

Analyzer uses the selected database to resolve references in your SQL statements.

Figure 1.17 The results of a SELECT

statement in SQL Query Analyzer.

To use the osqlcommand-line tool

interactively:

1. At a command prompt, type:

osql -E -d dbname

The-Eoption tells SQL Server to use a

trusted connection instead of requesting

a password dbname is the name of the

database to use

2. Type an SQL statement The statement

can span multiple lines Terminate it

with a semicolon (;) and then press Enter

3. Type goand then press Enter to display

the results (Figure 1.18).

To use the osqlcommand-line tool in

script mode:

1. At a command prompt, type:

osql -E -d dbname -n -i sql_script

The-Eoption tells SQL Server to use a

trusted connection instead of requesting

a password dbname is the name of the

database to use The -noption suppresses

numbering and prompt symbols (>) in the

output sql_script is a text file containing

SQL statement(s) and can include an

absolute or relative pathname

2 Press Enter to display the results (Figure

1.19).

12

Figure 1.18 The same SELECT statement

in osql interactive mode.

Figure 1.19 The same SELECT statement in osql

script mode.

To exit the osqlcommand-line tool:

◆ Type exitorquitand then press Enter

To show osqlcommand-line options:

◆ At a command prompt, type osql -?and then press Enter

✔ Tips

■ If SQL Server makes you specify a user

name and password instead of using a

trusted connection, replace the -Eoption with -U login_id login_id is your user

name.osqlwill prompt you for your

password

■ If SQL Server is running on a remote

network computer, add the option

-S serverto specify the SQL Server

instance to connect to Ask your DBA

for the connection parameters (The -S

option also works for local connections,

when SQL Server is running on your

own PC rather than on some server

elsewhere.)

SQL Server 2005/2008

To run SQL programs in SQL Server 2005

and 2008, use the SQL Server Management

Studio graphical tool or the sqlcmd

command-line tool

To use SQL Server Management

Studio:

1. On the Windows desktop, choose Start >

All Programs > Microsoft SQL Server >

SQL Server Management Studio

In SQL Server Express Edition, the

pro-gram is named SQL Server Management

Studio Express

2. In the Connect to Server dialog box,

select the server and authentication

mode; then click Connect

3. In Object Explorer (the left pane),

expand the Databases folder of the server

that you’re using and then select a

data-base (Figure 1.20).

If Object Explorer isn’t visible, choose

View > Object Explorer (or press F8)

4. To run SQL interactively, click

New Query (on the toolbar) or right-click

the database (in Object Explorer) and

choose New Query; then type or paste an

SQL statement in the empty tab that

appears in the right pane

or

To run an SQL script, choose File >

Open > File (or press Ctrl+O); navigate to

and select the script file; then click Open

The file’s contents appear in a new tab in

the right pane

5. Click Execute (on the toolbar) or

choose Query > Execute (or press F5)

SQL Server displays the results in the

bottom pane (Figure 1.21).

14

Figure 1.20 SQL Server Management Studio

uses the selected database to resolve references in your SQL statements.

Figure 1.21 The results of a SELECT statement in SQL Server Management Studio.

To use the sqlcmdcommand-line tool interactively:

1. At a command prompt, type:

sqlcmd -d dbname

dbname is the name of the database

to use

2. Type an SQL statement The statement can span multiple lines Terminate it with a semicolon (;) and then press Enter

3. Type goand then press Enter to display

the results (Figure 1.22).

To use the sqlcmdcommand-line tool

in script mode:

1. At a command prompt, type:

sqlcmd -d dbname -i sql_script

dbname is the name of the database to

use sql_script is a text file containing

SQL statement(s) and can include an absolute or relative pathname

2. Press Enter to display the results

(Figure 1.23).

To exit the sqlcmdcommand-line tool:

◆ Type exitorquitand then press Enter

To show sqlcmdcommand-line options:

◆ At a command prompt, type sqlcmd -?

and then press Enter

continues on next page

Figure 1.22 The same SELECT statement in sqlcmd

interactive mode.

Figure 1.23 The same SELECT statement in sqlcmd

script mode.

✔ Tips

■ sqlcmdtries to use a trusted connection

by default If instead you have to specify

a user name and password, add the option-U login_id login_id is your user

name.sqlcmdwill prompt you for your password

■ If SQL Server is running on a remote network computer, add the option

-S serverto specify the SQL Server instance to connect to Ask your DBA for the connection parameters (The

-Soption also works for local connec-tions, when SQL Server is running on your own PC rather than on some server elsewhere.)

16

Oracle Database is a commercial DBMS that supports very large databases and numbers

of transactions It runs on many operating

systems and hardware platforms and is com-plex enough to require a full-time database

administrator (DBA) to run and maintain it Learn about Oracle products at

www.oracle.comand download Oracle

Express Edition (XE)—a free, starter version

of Oracle Database Documentation is at

www.oracle.com/technology/documentation

This book covers Oracle 11g but also

includes tips for 10g, 9i, and 8i The version

of Oracle that you’re running is displayed in

the initial “Connected to” message that

appears when you log on to SQL*Plus (or run the query SELECT banner FROM v$version;)

To run SQL programs, use the SQL*Plus

(sqlplus) command-line tool

■ To open a command prompt in

Windows, choose Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt

To use the sqlpluscommand-line

tool interactively:

1. At a command prompt, type:

sqlplus user/password@dbname

user is your Oracle user name, password

is your password, and dbname is the

name of the database to connect to For

security, you can omit the password and

instead type:

sqlplus user@dbname

SQL*Plus will prompt you for your

pass-word

2. Type an SQL statement The statement

can span multiple lines Terminate it

with a semicolon (;) and then press Enter

to display the results (Figure 1.24).

To use the sqlpluscommand-line

tool in script mode:

◆ At a command prompt, type:

sqlplus user/password@dbname

➞ @sql_script

user is your Oracle user name, password

is your password, dbname is the name of

the database to connect to, and

sql_script is a text file containing SQL

statement(s) and can include an absolute

or relative pathname For security, you

can omit the password, and instead type:

sqlplus user@dbname @sql_script

SQL*Plus will prompt you for your

pass-word (Figure 1.25).

18

Figure 1.24 The results of a SELECT statement in

sqlplus interactive mode.

Figure 1.25 The same SELECT statement in sqlplus

script mode.

To exit the sqlpluscommand-line tool:

◆ Type exitorquitand then press Enter

To show sqlpluscommand-line options:

◆ At a command prompt, type sqlplus -H

and then press Enter

This command displays a few pages that speed by To view one page at a time, type sqlplus -H | moreand then press Enter Tap the spacebar to advance pages

(Figure 1.26).

✔ Tips

■ If you’re running Oracle locally, you can use the user name systemand the pass-word you specified when you created the database:

sqlplus system@dbname

If you’re connecting to a remote Oracle database, ask your DBA for the connec-tion parameters

■ An alternative way to open SQL*Plus in Windows: Choose Start > All Programs > Oracle > Application Development >

SQL Plus

Figure 1.26 The sqlplus help screen.