NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS... Some natural occurring acids & derivatives... PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS From Grignard reagents... From aldehydes Aldehydes are generally easier
Trang 1ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Dr Nam T S Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering
HCMC University of Technology
Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn
Trang 3NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Trang 44
Trang 6Some natural occurring acids & derivatives
Trang 7PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC
ACIDS
From Grignard reagents
Trang 8From nitriles
Have 1 more carbon as compared to the halide
Trang 9From primary alcohols
Can NOT be isolated
PCC: pyridinium chlorochromate
Trang 10From aldehydes
Aldehydes are generally easier to oxidize than
primary alcohols
Trang 11From alkylbenzenes
Trang 13IUPAC names: alkyl + carboxylate
Trang 14Intramolecular ester formation: Lactones
Trang 16Reactions of esters
Ester hydrolysis
Trang 17Transesterification reactions
Trang 18Acyl chloride formation
Trang 19IUPAC names: replace “ic acid” with “yl halide” /
“carboxylic acid” with “carbonyl halide”
Trang 20Reactions of acyl chlorides
Trang 21An amide
Trang 22Amide formation
Trang 23IUPAC names: replace “ic acid”, “oic acid”, “ylic acid” with “amide”
Trang 24Reactions of amides
Trang 25Reaction only in the presence of an acid
Trang 26The Hell-Vohard-Zelinski reaction
Radical substitution (halogenation) will occurs in
Only for α-hydrogens
Trang 27Reaction
mechanism:
Trang 2828
Trang 29Reduction reactions
H 2 /Ni, Pt, Pd or NaBH 4
can NOT reduce acids,
esters, amides
Trang 30LiAlH 4 is used to reduce only compounds such as acids, esters, amides that can NOT be reduced by milder agents