Video game consoles A common example is video game console mod chips, which can allow users to play games legitimately purchased in other regions or legal backup copies, but can also all
Trang 1Video game consoles
A common example is video game console mod chips, which can allow users to play games legitimately purchased in other regions or legal backup copies, but can also allow illegal unauthorized copies by allowing the player to play personally-recorded CD copies of video games Modchips, in their current form, were first available for the Sony PlayStation (and later the Playstation 2) Various other types
of copyright circumvention systems also existed for the Nintendo 64 and the older Gameboy consoles (though neither include actual modding, but instead backup devices)
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Types of modding
There are two different ways of running unsigned code on a game console One is through so-called hard modding (modifying hardware, normally using a mod chip
to allow the user to change data contained on its hard drive in the case of the Xbox Another type of modding, known as soft modding, exploits loopholes in a game to run unsigned code or, again, gain direct access to the console's hard drive This form of 'modding' (more correctly termed as hacking) is very popular as it does not require a mod chip; however it does require a compromised game and thus hard modding is the only option when no such game is available Another type of
console modding is much like computer case modification
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Game software
Main article: Mod (computer gaming)
On the other side, some companies actively encouraging modding of their
products In cases such as TiVo and Google, there has been an informal agreement between the modders and the company in which the modders agree not to do
anything that destroys the companies business model and the company agrees to support the modding community by providing technical specifications and
information Some commercial video games thrive through a modding community
In the case of Half-Life, a mod called Counter-Strike drove sales of the original software for years Space Empires is also a series renowned for its modding
capabilities; virtually anyone can make a custom mod for the game, since almost
Trang 2all of the game's critical files are txt or bmp files, allowing any Windows user to easily adapt the game to suit their own needs
Skilled computer users who are able to crack data formats and reverse engineer a game can modify them to their heart's content, because the creator of the software has copyright authority over who may use it, or change it Software is sold with a license that spells out what guarantees, if any, come with the software, and what rights the purchaser has to change the software Many people do not read these contracts, or store them in such a way to be able to prove what contract came with what purchase, so some computer users are ignorant to what their rights are with respect to backing up software, modifying software, and sharing it with other potential users
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Computer cases
Modded computer case
Main article: Case modification
Overclocking may also be termed as 'modding', and the overclocking of a graphics card using driver software to gain the performance of a more expensive model is known as 'soft-modding'
The term may also refer to the artistic modification of hardware for purely
aesthetic reasons (especially computer cases) Modding in this sense is purely a
Trang 3creative act and is normally quite legal (although it may void your warranty or violate electromagnetic emission regulations) An example of this kind of modding may involve re-painting a case, cutting a hole in the side panel and installing a clear window so that the components are visible from outside
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Cars and vehicles
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Orthopedic
Ortho-modding is the car adaption (seats, pedals ) to help drivers to prevent, correct and diminish light orthopedic and backbone/spine problems
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Eco-modding
Eco-modding is the petroleum car adaption to use renewable energy (generally, changing or adding a new engine or motor), generally hydrogen or electricity See hybrid car Occasionally, it has been known to run a Diesel engine on plant and animal oils See Biodiesel
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Performance tuning
Car and engine tuning are modification of a car for enhanced performance, in engine power output, handling, aerodynamics, or cosmetic purposes See also Category:Vehicle modification
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Industrial Machines
Factories get rather expensive machines that are used to mass produce specialized parts These machines can be altered to make parts other than how the
manufacturers of the machines designed or intended them The legality of doing this depends on who owns the machines, and whether the agreement, that supplied
Trang 4the machines to the factories, said anything about this, and what the laws are in the nation where this is being done
For example, the machines might be leased from the manufacturer of the machines
If they are ever to be returned, they need to go back in the same kind of condition and engineering shape as when they were first delivered There is an annual
physical inventory to make sure the factory has everything that they are leasing This audit might be done by representatives of the leasing company, who are
looking to see recognizable machines, that match their models and safety rules [edit]
Lodging
If you own your own home, you may make any alterations or mods that are
permitted by local ordinances For example, some kind of work may need to be done by a licensed electrician, a contractor registered with the government,
members of certain unions, and so forth
But if you rent an apartment, alterations may require the permission of the
landlord, and include a provision for what you bought and installed being the
property of the landlord after you move out
The principle here is who is the owner of that which is to be changed Unless the apartment is furnished, you may modify furniture that you have purchased, but not furniture that you have rented
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