Beginning PHP6, Apache, MySQL Web Development- P26 potx

Appendix I: Installation and Confi guration on Linux Install PHP PHP is responsible for generating dynamic web pages with data from MySQL.. If you did not install Apache to /usr/local

Appendix I: Installation and Confi guration on Linux

Install PHP

PHP is responsible for generating dynamic web pages with data from MySQL Follow these steps to install PHP on your system:

1 Go to the PHP web site at www.php.net

2 Click on the Download link to go to the site ’ s downloads page

3 Scroll down to the Complete Source Code section, and click on the appropriate link to download the latest tar.gz package

4 Click any of the mirror sites to begin the download If you have difficulties downloading from one mirror, try a different mirror that may be closer to you

5 Open a console window, and change to the directory where you downloaded the tarball

6 Extract the tarball, and change to the directory it creates:

tar -vxzf php-6.0.0.tar.gz

cd php-6.0.0

7 Configure the source:

./configure with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs with-mysql=/usr/local/

mysql \ prefix=/usr/local/php

Using the - - prefix switch tells the installer where to put the PHP server after it ’ s built We recommend placing it in /usr/local/php , but you may choose to specify a different value, depending on your needs or your system ’ s configuration The - - with - apxs2 option specifies the path to Apache ’ s apxs tool - - with - mysql provides the path to your MySQL installation If you did not install Apache to /usr/local/apache or MySQL to /usr/local/mysql , then you will need to change those values accordingly There are numerous configuration options for PHP, and we would almost need a chapter just to describe them all! For a complete list of configuration options, run /configure - - help

8 Compile the source:

make

9 Install PHP We use sudo to escalate our account ’ s privileges, because superuser (root) privileges are needed for this step

sudo make install

10 It is advised to run PHP with a php.ini file By default, the PHP installation provides two copies of the file with common configuration values: php.ini - dist and php

ini - recommended The php.ini - dist file is meant to be used for development purposes, while php.ini -recommended has additional security measures and should be used when your site goes live

Depending on your reason for using PHP, choose the php.ini file that best suits your needs

Appendix I: Installation and Confi guration on Linux

For the purposes of this book, we are going to be using php.ini - dist Feel free to switch to the

php.ini - recommended file as your default once you are more familiar with how PHP behaves

sudo cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

11 Add PHP ’ s bin directory to your PATH environment variable This will allow you to reference

PHP and its utilities from the command line, if you ever want to, without having to explicitly

type the full path each time To temporarily set it, you can type:

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin

You will need to edit the appropriate configuration file for your profile to make the setting

permanent Exactly how you do this is dependent upon which shell you use Bash traditionally

uses bashrc , and C Shell/tcsh uses cshrc

Configuring Apache to Use PHP

Now that both Apache and PHP are installed, there are a few more customizable options that need to be

adjusted To configure Apache to recognize a PHP file as one that needs to be parsed with the PHP

engine, you need to first locate the following lines in your httpd.conf file:

# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration

# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types

#

#AddType application/x-gzip tgz

#

# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress

# information on the fly Note: Not all browsers support this

#

#AddEncoding x-compress Z

#AddEncoding x-gzip gz tgz

#

# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you

# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:

Next, you need to add the PHP module into your httpd.conf program so that Apache can properly

coordinate with PHP to serve the dynamically generated pages PHP will produce In your configuration

file, locate the following lines:

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

#

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

# have to place corresponding `LoadModule’ lines at this location so the

Appendix I: Installation and Confi guration on Linux

# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used

# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l’) do not need

#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so

#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so

#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so

Add the following line:

LoadModule php6_module “libphp6.so”

Oh, and remember to restart Apache after you ’ ve saved your modifications to httpd.conf , or else Apache will not be aware of your changes! You can do this by calling apachectl restart

Summar y

You ’ ve installed and configured the Apache, MySQL, and PHP trio on your Linux system Now you can proceed to Chapter 2 to get your hands dirty creating your movie review web site, as we begin

discussing PHP code

!= (not equal to), 50, 92

‹› (not equal to), 50

!== (not equal to, OR the data types not

same), 50 (operator), 687

‘ (single quotation marks), 26

?: (ternary operator), 144–145, 688 See also

if/else statements

% (wildcard), 92

_ (wildcard), 92

‹ = (less than or equal to), 50, 92

| | (logical operator alternate), 73[ ] (regex), 237

[^ ] (regex), 237

- - $value, 73

A

abandonment, shopping-cart, 512–513abs(), 124

access logs, 627account functionality (BBS), 593–606frm_admin.php, 597–600, 610frm_forgotpass.php, 595, 596frm_index.php, 59, 594frm_login.php, 593, 596frm_useraccount.php, 600–602, 604initial login, 593–596

User Administration page, 605–606user management, 597–605acronym, recursive, 10ADD link, 156, 160Add submit button, 141admin_area.php, 397–398, 404administration GUIs, 767administration interface, 156administration page

CMS, 443–447mailing list, 472–486movie review database, 153–156administration transaction pages (BBS), 580–583

admin.php, 154–155advertising mailing lists, 470ait.com, 768

E_ALL, 249alt attributes, 119ALTER, 84ALTER TABLE, 121

AMP See Apache, MySQL, and PHP

ampersand (&), 34Analog, 634AND (logical operator), 73

Index

And, Boolean (&&), 73, 143

announcement mailing lists, 470

BBS See bulletin board system

BCC (blind carbon copy), 353, 485, 504, 674BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form), 269BDB (BerkeleyDB), 84

BerkeleyDB (BDB), 84BIGINT, 80, 753BINARY, 755BIT, 753blind carbon copy (BCC), 353, 485, 504, 674BLOB, 80, 178, 755

BMP, 176, 186, 187IMAGETYPE_BMP, 186

board See bulletin board system

Board Administration page, 610–612BOOL, 753

BOOLEAN, 753Boolean And operator (&&), 73, 143Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), 269breadcrumbs, 577–579

brightness, image, 201bulletin board system (BBS), 557–625account functionality, 593–606frm_admin.php, 597–600frm_forgotpass.php, 595, 596frm_index.php, 59, 594frm_login.php, 593, 596frm_useraccount.php, 600–602, 604initial login, 593–596

User Administration page, 605–606user management, 597–605additions

avatars, 624polls, 625quoting text, 625smilies, 624user profiles, 625BBcodes, 558, 609breadcrumbs, 577–579database, preparation, 558–564features, 558

as forum, 557frm_admin.php, 597–600, 610BBcode Administration, 612–614Board Administration, 610–612Forum Administration, 612User Administration, 605–606functionality, 606–624

And, Boolean (&&)

pagination, 558, 573–577regex in, 558, 612–614reusable scripts, 564–573searching in, 558, 623–624settings, editing of, 606–610tables, 562–564

frm_access_levels, 562frm_admin, 562frm_bbcode, 563frm_forum, 563frm_post_count, 563frm_posts, 563–564frm_users, 564transaction pages, 580–593administration, 580–583frm_transact_admin.php, 580–583frm_transact_affirm.php, 591–593frm_transact_post.php, 584–586frm_transact_user.php, 586–590post, 584–586

removal/deletion, 591–593user–related, 586–590user authentication, 558, 579–580using (exercise), 614–622

superhero powers page, 289–293transaction page, 277–289char_transaction.php, 277–281

check boxes, 45, 135, 151

check out process, 530–550

ecomm_checkout2.php, 508, 533–537, 546–547ecomm_checkout3.php, 508, 537–543, 547–550

ecomm_checkout.php, 507, 530–532, 545–546steps in, 530, 545

testing, 543–545checkdate(), 238, 239check_effect.php, 200check_image.php, 180, 183, 200, 201captions and, 202–207

filters and, 193–197child page, 119classes, 74–75, 691–692encapsulation and, 344, 348, 349SimpleMail, 343–352, 474–476, 497class.SimpleMail.php, 344–346, 348, 474–476, 483–484

closed source model, 4closing/opening tags (< ?php ? >), 20, 685

CMS See content management system

cms_access_levels table, 410–411, 441, 445cms_admin.php, 443–444

cms_articles table, 411cms_comment.php, 459, 460cms_compose.php, 430, 447–450cms_cpanel.php, 461–463cms_footer.inc.php, 415, 418cms_forgot_password.php, 433, 436cms_header.inc.php, 414–415, 418, 436cms_http_functions.inc.php, 415, 419–420, 423cms_index.php, 423, 424, 433–434, 436cms_login.php, 432–433, 436

cms_output_functions.inc.php, 412–414,

418, 420cms_pending.php, 451–452, 456cms_review_article.php, 452–453, 456, 457cms_search.php, 466, 467

cms_transact_article.php, 426–429cms_transact_user.php, 420–423, 441, 442cms_user_account.php, 437–439

cms_users table, 411cms_view_article.php, 459, 460

code/coding practices, 21–23 See also

reusable codecomments in, 22consistency in, 22

efficiency See efficient code

line numbers in, 22colorizing images, 201comic book fan web site, 3bulletin board system, 557–625account functionality, 593–606additions, 624–625

comic book fan web site

comic book fan web site (continued)

newsletters, 469opt–in, 503opt–out, 503removing subscriptions, 500–502signup form, 486–499

spam, 469, 502tables, 471–472types of, 469–470web site notifications, 469postcard application

confirmation and, 330–343images and, 328–329JavaScript and, 341–342

registration system See registration system

tablescreation of, 272–276normalization and, 265–269

user logins See logins

comic_character_power, 286, 287comic_rivalrly, 285, 286

commands (MySQL), 84comments, 686coding practice, 22debugging and, 23future changes and, 23PHP, 21

commit.php, 159–162checking dates/numbers, 230–233editing, 170–174

erroneous user input, 222–225switch, 162, 167

common links, 554comparison operators, 92

comic book fan web site (continued)

cms_access_levels table, 410–411, 441, 445cms_admin.php, 443–444

cms_articles table, 411cms_comment.php, 459, 460cms_compose.php, 430, 447–450cms_cpanel.php, 461–463cms_footer.inc.php, 415, 418cms_forgot_password.php, 433, 436cms_header.inc.php, 414–415, 418, 436cms_http_functions.inc.php, 415, 419–420, 423

cms_index.php, 423, 424, 433–434, 436cms_login.php, 432–433, 436

cms_output_functions.inc.php, 412–414,

418, 420cms_pending.php, 451–452, 456cms_review_article.php, 452–453, 456, 457cms_search.php, 466, 467

cms_transact_article.php, 426–429cms_transact_user.php, 420–423, 441, 442cms_user_account.php, 437–439

cms_users table, 411cms_view_article.php, 459, 460reusable scripts, 412–420search feature, 466–467transaction pages, 420–432user control panel, 461–465user interface, 432–467contrast, of image, 201

converting image types, 188–192

cookies, 41–44, 355, 405

defined, 41, 359passing variables with, 41–44security risks, 41

sessions v., 359, 388

setting, 42–44tracking, with PHP, 388–393cookies_delete.php, 389cookies_set.php, 388–389cookies_test.php, 390cookies_view.php, 389copyrighted images, 202, 209E_CORE_ERROR, 249

E_CORE_WARNING, 249CREATE, 84

CREATE DATABASE yourdatabase, 271

CREATE TABLE, 275createimagefrom* (), 192cron jobs, 767

ctype_* functions, 235, 236, 239ctype_alnum(), 236

ctype_alpha(), 236ctype_cntrl(), 236ctype_digit(), 236ctype_graph(), 236ctype_lower(), 236ctype_print(), 236ctype_punct(), 236ctype_space(), 236ctype_upper(), 236ctype_xdigit(), 236custom error messages, 243–246

custom logs, 627custom_error.php, 252–255customers (e-commerce)characteristics, 551communication with, 555feedback, 555

personal customer service, 553privacy policy, 552

return policy, 552–553secure credit card processing, 553trust, 552–553

comments and, 23echo and, 645–646tips, 645–647Xdebug and, 647DEC, 753

DECIMAL, 79, 753decrementing values, 73

- - $value, 73

$value - -, 73define() function, 30DELETE, 84, 162–167, 288Cascade, 164–167DELETE links, 156, 165delete.php, 164–166deletion

Cascade DELETE, 164–167

of items in cart, 521–524

of records, 162–167

of transaction pages, 591–593DESCRIBE, 84

design rules (standards), 270designing database (Comic Book), 269–271directory/file functions, 709–713

discussion forum See bulletin board system

documentation, MySQL, 102DOUBLE, 754

DOUBLE PRECISION, 754double quotation marks (“), 73do/while, 68, 690

Dreamweaver CS3, 762, 763DROP, 84

drop–down list boxes, 45, 135

E

echo, 23–26, 27, 28, 29, 685debugging and, 645–646

print v., 72, 685

ecomm_checkout2.php, 508, 533–537, 546–547ecomm_checkout3.php, 508, 537–543, 547–550ecomm_checkout.php, 507, 530–532, 545–546ecomm_customers table, 510

databases (continued)

e-commerce, 311, 505–556

common links, 554competitive pricing, 554customers

characteristics, 551communication with, 555feedback, 555

personal customer service, 553privacy policy, 552

return policy, 552–553secure credit card processing, 553trust, 552–553

guidelines, 551–555home page, 515–517information, textual/graphical, 552navigation, 554

productsappropriate, 554ideas for, 506–507timely delivery, 555viewing information on, 517–521professional look, 553–554search feature, 554shopping cartabandonment, 512–513Cart32, 507

check out process, 530–550coding, 507

database, 508–510db_ch15 - 1.php, 507db_ch15 - 2.php, 507ecomm_checkout2.php, 508, 533–537, 546–547

ecomm_checkout3.php, 508, 537–543, 547–550

ecomm_checkout.php, 507, 530–532, 545–546

ecomm_shop.php, 507, 516–517, 519ecomm_update_cart.php, 507

ecomm_view_cart.php, 507ecomm_view_product.php, 507products, 521–524, 524–529tables, 508–514

temporary, 512–513third–party software, 507ecomm_order_details table, 512

commit.php, 170–174databases, 153–174movie, 167–174EditPlus, 762, 763edit_power.php, 289–293E_ERROR, 249

efficient code, 22functions and, 55include statement, 52–54

else statements, 51–52, 688 See also if/else

statementse-mail (PHP), 315–353error, creation of, 247–248mail(), 317, 321

errors and, 248mail functions, 724–725

mailing lists See mailing lists

PHP setup for, 316postcard applicationconfirmation implementation, 330–343images and, 328–329

sending, 316–322data collection and, 317–322headers and, 323–325HTML and, 322–325multipart messages, 326–328simple, 317

SimpleMail class, 343–352, 474–476, 497empty(), 239

empty variables, 643encapsulation, 344, 348, 349enctype attribute, 183ENDHTML, 113enemies data, referential integrity and, 287–288ENUM, 79, 755

equal to (==), 50equal to, AND data types match (===), 50error constants

E_ALL, 249E_COMPILE_ERROR, 249E_COMPILE_WARNING, 249E_CORE_ERROR, 249E_CORE_WARNING, 249E_ERROR, 249

E_NOTICE, 249E_PARSE, 249

error constants

error constants (continued)

error e-mail, creation of, 247–248

error handling, 241–260 See also

F

fatal errors, 250, 251feature_error.php, 255–256feedback for articles (CMS), 458–460feedback, logs as, 637

fetch(), 773–774fetch mode constants, PDO, 734, 773–774

fetchAll(), 773–774

field types (MySQL), 78–82, 270–271 See also specific field types

choosing, 80–82date/time, 755numeric, 753–754

reference list, 753–756

string, 755–756

error constants (continued)

fields, 78, 151

in forms, 151not null, 82null, 82Fifth Normal Form (5NF), 269

IMG_FILTER_SELECTIVE_BLUR, 201IMG_FILTER_SMOOTH, 201Firebird, 766, 770

First Normal Form (1NF), 266, 269

1NF (First Normal Form), 266, 269

firstprog.php

echo in, 23–26PHP/HTML in, 27–28500: Internal Server Error, 243, 246

5NF (Fifth Normal Form), 269

for getting information, 45–49linking, 145–151

multiple processing, 139–142parts of, 44–45

passing variables through, 44–49, 687user input, 135–145

forum, 557 See also bulletin board system

Forum Administration page, 612FOUND_ROWS(), 575

400: Bad Request, 243401: Authorization Required, 243403: Forbidden, 243

404: Not Found, 243, 2454NF (Fourth Normal Form), 269Fourth Normal Form (4NF), 269Friedl, Jeffrey, 238

frm_access_levels, 562frm_admin table, 562frm_admin.php, 597–600, 610BBcode Administration, 612–614Board Administration, 610–612Forum Administration, 612User Administration, 605–606frm_bbcode, 563

frm_compose.php, 617–619frm_config.inc.php, 571frm_edit_forum.php, 606–610frm_footer.inc.php, 573frm_forgotpass.php, 595, 596frm_forum, 563

frm_header.inc.php, 572–573, 579–580frm_index.php, 59, 594

frm_login.php, 593, 596frm_output_functions.inc.php, 565–571functionality, 573

pagination and, 573–577show_topic(), 574frm_post_count, 563frm_posts, 563–564frm_search.php, 619–620, 623frm_transact_admin.php, 580–583frm_transact_affirm.php, 591–593frm_transact_post.php, 584–586frm_transact_user.php, 586–590frm_useraccount.php, 600–602, 604frm_users, 564

frm_view_forum.php, 614–616frm_view_topic.php, 617

frm_view_topic.php

FROM, 91

FrontBase, 769

full–featured error handler, 255–256

functions See also specific functions

$_GET superglobal array, 123, 127, 129get_director(), 117, 124

getimageinfo(), 186getimagesize(), 186get_leadactor(), 117, 124get_movietype(), 117, 124gettor methods, 349GIF, 176, 186IMAGETYPE_GIF, 186support, enabling, 176global, 55

H

handling errors See error handling

hashing, 367header(), 143–144problem code and, 144warning message and, 143header.php, 53–54

‘headers already sent’ error, 40, 44, 143, 644–645

headers, e-mail and, 323–325Hello World, 26, 132, 135, 342heredoc, 73, 110–114

closing tag line, error and, 113syntax, 110–114

hits/page views, 638hosting, 765

third-party, 765–768administration GUIs, 767bandwidth usage, 767configuration ability, 767online companies (list), 768pricing, 768

server access, 766–767server control, 766–767site usage, 767

supported databases, 766

FROM