Beginning PHP6, Apache, MySQL Web Development- P25 doc

CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name Creates a database CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_ name col1 col_type, col2 col_ type, .... Creates a table ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD col col_

bool define(string $name, mixed

mixed get_browser([string $user_

Return an object with information about a browser Information will be returned as an array if

$return_array is true Relies on browscap.ini

mixed highlight_file(string

Output the syntax - highlighted source PHP file The source will be returned as a string instead if

$return is true

mixed highlight_string(string

$string[, bool $return])

Output a syntax - highlighted string of PHP code

The string will be returned instead if $return is true

Appendix C: PHP6 Functions

752

over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes

mixed time_nanosleep(int

$seconds, int $nanoseconds) *

Pause execution of the script for a specified number

of seconds and nanoseconds

D

MySQL Data Types

This appendix contains a listing of data types that are available in MySQL Visit http://

dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/data - type - overview.html for a complete discussion

on each data type

Numeric Data Types

BIGINT[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Numeric field that stores integers from ⫺ 9,223,372,

036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 m represents the maximum display width Adding the

UNSIGNED parameter allows storage of 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615

bits per value

false, and nonzero values represent true

DECIMAL[(m[,d])] [UNSIGNED] A fixed - point numeric field that can store decimals

m represents the total number of displayed digits d represents how many digits follow the decimal point UNSIGNED allows only positive numbers to be stored

Appendix D: MySQL Data Types

754

DOUBLE[(m,d)] [UNSIGNED] A double - precision floating - point number that stores

values from ⫺ 1.7976931348623157E+308 to

⫺ 2.2250738585072014E ⫺ 308, 0, and 2.2250738585072014E ⫺ 308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308

m represents the total number of displayed digits d represents how many digits follow the decimal point

UNSIGNED allows only positive numbers to be stored

FLOAT[(m,d)] [UNSIGNED] A single - precision floating - point number that stores values

from ⫺ 3.402823466E+38 to ⫺ 1.175494351E ⫺ 38, 0, and 1.175494351E ⫺ 38 to 3.402823466E+38 m represents the total number of displayed digits d represents how many digits follow the decimal point UNSIGNED allows only positive numbers to be stored

INT[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Numeric field that stores integers from ⫺ 2,147,483,648 to

2,147,483,647 m represents the maximum display width

Adding the UNSIGNED parameter allows storage of 0 to 4,294,967,295

INTEGER[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Synonym for INT

MEDIUMINT[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Numeric field that stores integers from ⫺ 8,388,608 to

8,388,607 m represents the maximum display width

Adding the UNSIGNED parameter allows storage of 0 to 16,777,215

SMALLINT[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Numeric field that stores integers from ⫺ 32,768 to 32,767 m

represents the maximum display width Adding the

UNSIGNED parameter allows storage of 0 to 65,535

REAL[(m,d)] [UNSIGNED] Synonym for DOUBLE (Note: If REAL_AS_FLOAT mode is

enabled, then REAL is a synonym for FLOAT )

TINYINT[(m)] [UNSIGNED] Numeric field that stores integers from ⫺ 128 to 127 m

represents the maximum display width Adding the

UNSIGNED parameter allows storage of 0 to 255

Appendix D: MySQL Data Types

755

Date and T ime Data Types

MySQL Field Type Description

YEAR[(2|4)] Stores a year as either YY or YYYY , depending on whether two or four

digit format is specified (default is four - digit) The range is from 1901 to

2155 in four - digit format, and from 70 to 69, representing years from

1970 to 2069, in two - digit format

String Data Types

the length in bits

[NATIONAL] CHARACTER[(m)] Stores a fixed length character string that is right

padded with spaces m represents the length in characters from 0 to 255

[NATIONAL] CHARACTER VARYING[(m)] Stores a variable - length character string m

represents the length in characters from 0 to 65,535

ENUM( ‘ value1 ’ , ‘ value2 ’ , ) Stores a string value Allows only specified values

to be stored in the field (up to a maximum of 65,535 different values)

in bytes from 0 to 4,294,967,295 (4GB)

Appendix D: MySQL Data Types

756

represents the length in characters from 0 to 4,294,967,295 (4GB)

in bytes from 0 to 16,777,215

represents the length in characters from 0 to 16,777,215

SET( ‘ value1 ’ , ‘ value2 ’ , ) Stores a set of string values from the specified list

values (up to a maximum of 64 members)

represents the length in characters from 0 to 65,535

in bytes from 0 to 255

represents the length in characters from 0 to 255

represents the length in bits

Spatial Data Formats

Spatial data is beyond the scope of this book See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/

supported - spatial - data - formats.html for more information on the standard spatial formats used

by MySQL

E

My SQL Quick Reference

This appendix lists some quick reference notes for your use These topics are covered in more depth in Chapter 3 and on the MySQL web site at www.mysql.com

Database Manipulation Commands

Use the following commands to create and make changes to your database and tables

CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS]

db_name

Creates a database

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_

name (col1 col_type, col2 col_

type, )

Creates a table

ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD col col_

type [AFTER col],

Adds a new column to a table in the database

ALTER TABLE tbl_name MODIFY col new_col_type,

Changes columns ’ type definitions

ALTER TABLE tbl_name CHANGE old_

col new_col new_col_type,

Changes columns ’ names and type definitions

ALTER TABLE tbl_name DROP col, Removes columns from a table in the

database

RENAME TABLE old_tbl_name TO new_

tbl_name

Renames a table in the database

Appendix E: My SQL Quick Reference

Retrieving Data from the Database

You can access the data stored in your tables with the following statement:

SELECT col1[, col2, ] FROM tbl_name [WHERE condition] [ORDER BY col

You can use * to retrieve all columns in a table:

SELECT * FROM tbl_name

col BETWEEN value1 AND value2

col NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2

col LIKE value

col NOT LIKE value

col IS NULL

col IS NOT NULL

col IN (value1, value2, value3, )

INSERT [IGNORE] INTO tbl_name [(col1,

col2, … )] VALUES (value1, value2, )

Inserts a row into a table

UPDATE [IGNORE] tbl_name SET

condition [ORDER BY ] [LIMIT count]

Modifies information already stored in the table

DELETE [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name WHERE

Appendix E: My SQL Quick Reference

MySQL supports wildcard matching Use to match a single character Use % to match zero or more characters

Selecting from Multiple Tables

You can retrieve information from two or more tables at once by using JOIN s MySQL supports the following syntax variations:

SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table2.col1, table2.col2FROM

table1, table2WHERE

or

SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table2.col1, table2.col2FROM

table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1

Sorting the Results

You can sort the results of the SELECT query by using the ORDER BY clause (and the optional ascending

or descending qualifier):

Limiting the Results

If you would like to limit the results returned from your query, you can do so with a LIMIT clause:

SELECT * FROM table WHERE col1 = value1 LIMIT [offset,] row_count

F

Comparison of Text Editor s

Many software programs are available that you can use to enter all your code They each have different features, some that you might view as better than others, depending on your needs and personal preferences We ’ ve put together the following chart to help you compare apples with apples It lists some of the more popular editors alphabetically and compares them against some common text editor features

Many of these editors provide similar features, so your decision really depends on your budget, your needs, and how comfortable you are with each user interface

You can read more about features not listed here, because many of these editors provide other unique benefits We encourage you to visit the following web sites to download these programs and/or to get more information about them:

Appendix F: Comparison of Text Editors

762

Editor

Highlighted Syntax

Spell Checker

Built - in FTP Access

Line Numbers

Word Wrap

PHP Code Auto - Completion

WYSIWYG Web Design Editor

Appendix F: Comparison of Text Editors

763

Database Connectivity

Content Preview

Multiple Undo/Redo

Search and Replace

Code Folding

PHP Debugging

CVS/

Subversion Integration Price

G

Choosing a Third - Par ty Host

Many people like to run their own servers out of their homes or offices, and that is a feasible solution for hosting, if you have the time and network resources But sometimes hosting your own web site can lead to more problems than it ’ s worth You need to think about backup power, keeping security holes patched, performing regular maintenance and upgrades, and many other issues And keep in mind that not only do you need to have a web server running, but you also need to have something to manage your domain records as well, a Domain Name System (DNS) server

With third - party hosting solutions, you can have trained IT professionals who make sure your web server stays up and running 24 hours a day, at an affordable price It ’ s their job to make sure your site is secure and always available for viewing

Configuration ability: Web server settings/configurations, cron jobs, .htaccess support

Administration GUIs: E - mail, database, user setup Bandwidth usage: Web site, e - mail, streaming media, database connections Price: Based on features, contract time, and other criteria

Appendix G: Choosing a Third - Party Host

Keep in mind that you aren ’ t likely to have every combination and possibility with every host, so it ’ s

important that you research your prospective hosts to make a well - thought - out decision before jumping

into a long - term contract To that end, let ’ s get into a little more detail about each of these topics

Supported Languages

Obviously, we ’ re assuming you want to use PHP (you did buy this book, after all), but there are other

languages you may need to use There may be a time when another language, such as Perl, Python, or

even Java, is better suited for your needs than PHP For example, perhaps you have to accomplish

something a client already has set up at a different host or server, using a different programming

language It is nice to at least have the option of using the existing code, rather than spending the time

and money to redevelop the application in PHP

Supported Databases

Again, because this book is geared toward MySQL, we assume you will probably be looking for a host

that supports MySQL However, you can use many other databases with PHP Here are just some of the

databases that PHP can work with:

PHP even comes with the embedded database SQLite enabled Depending on your situation, you may

want to choose a host that has more than one of these databases set up by default Some larger

companies, for example, are using MS SQL as their database, usually because they are using ASP.NET

for programming Should you need to convert any site to PHP, you will be glad to know that PHP can

connect and work nicely with MS SQL as well

Server Control and Access

Many hosts won ’ t give a web developer full access or control over their hosted domain We tend to shy

away from those hosts, because you are more likely to run into problems with them when you want to

do some custom configuration to the server

Look into the type of access your host provides Obviously, your host will give you FTP access so you

can upload your files to the web server Some hosts, however, will give you FTP access but nothing else

The problem is that you are likely to run into a situation in which you want to configure your server For

this, you will need SSH (Secure Shell) access to use the command line

In fact, the ability to configure is often necessary when performing tasks that usually aren ’ t offered by

hosts by default For example, consider htaccess files With htaccess files, you can deny and allow

Appendix G: Choosing a Third - Party Host

access to certain files and directories, based on the users you allow using htpasswd (See Chapter 12 for more information on htaccess and htpasswd )

Along with htaccess , most hosts allow you to use cron jobs, but are not likely to set them up for you Therefore, you need to remote into the server and edit the crontab file to enable you to run scheduled tasks There are countless configuration settings that you might want to change, if your host allows you

to configure them Keep all this in mind when choosing your hosting solution

Administration GUI s

Certain hosts offer a dministration graphical user interfaces, (GUIs) or user control panels, as a feature of their packages A lot of people don ’ t really care for GUIs, but when you don ’ t have a choice — either because you don ’ t have sufficient access to the server or you don ’ t fully understand how to get things done at a command prompt — a point - and - click solution can be a wonderful tool

The interface can be as simple as one that allows you to view information about the server, or it can be as complex as one that allows you to install applications and programming languages with the click of a button Also, keep in mind that many control panels have utilities that allow clients to administer their own e - mail users With such a feature, the client can simply log on to the control panel and set up and delete users as the need arises, rather than having to call you or the hosting company to set up an e - mail account

Bandwidth and Site Usage

Bandwidth and site usage both can factor into the overall price of hosting Hosting companies usually give out only so much bandwidth usage per site per month There is usually a hefty charge if you go over that amount Consider the following issues when looking into bandwidth:

Web site traffic

E - mail usage and storage Database connections Streaming media

If you have heavy activity in any or all of these areas, you might get billed for bandwidth overutilization before you know it You need to consider how many people will visit your site on average In addition, some hosts count e - mail usage in the end - of - the - month calculation used to tally your bill Some hosts will even go so far as to monitor your FTP access and count that toward the total bandwidth used

Database connections don ’ t really relate to bandwidth usage, but hosts often limit the number of database connections you can make, as another way to control the number of people allowed to visit the site at one time

Finally, streaming media is very heavy on bandwidth; should you plan to use it as a form of conveying information to the end users of your site, then your hosting bill could rise dramatically

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