CCNP Routing Study Guide- P15 pdf

We will now use the set clause to specify the next-hop address of traffic satisfying the match clause: set ip next-hop 172.16.2.2where 172.16.2.2 is the IP address of the next-hop router

Route Maps 385

where routemail is an arbitrary name chosen for the route map, 10 is the route map sequence number, and the sequence number is 10 by default, unless another number is specified

We will now set the criteria for the first match clause:

match ip address 101where 101 is the access list that the match clause is checking traffic against

We will now use the set clause to specify the next-hop address of traffic satisfying the match clause:

set ip next-hop 172.16.2.2where 172.16.2.2 is the IP address of the next-hop router

Finally, we need to specify where to send traffic if the match condition is not met:

route-map routemail permit 20 set ip next-hop 172.16.1.2where 20 is the sequence number and 172.16.1.2 is the next-hop router.RouterA will now send all SMTP traffic over the 56Kbps link to RouterC and all other traffic over the 1.544Mbps link to RouterB, as shown in Figure 10.13

F I G U R E 1 0 1 3 Policy routing configuration for example 1

172.16.2.1/24 s1

s0

ISP A RouterB

ISP B RouterC Company A

RouterA

Policy Routing Subnets

As another example, consider the following scenario Company A has the same ISP connections as in the previous example Inside Company A, we have two VLANs, the Engineering VLAN (172.16.3.0/24) and the Account-ing VLAN (172.16.4.0/24), as illustrated in Figure 10.14 Our goal is to direct traffic from the Engineering VLAN (172.16.3.0/24) out the 1.544Mbps link (interface s0) and to direct traffic from the Accounting VLAN

(172.16.4.0/24) out the 56Kbps link (interface s1)

F I G U R E 1 0 1 4 Policy routing example 2

First, we need to create our access lists, specifying the conditions we’re looking for, that is, whether a packet was sourced from the Engineering or Accounting VLAN:

access-list 1 permit 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255access-list 2 permit 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255Next, we need to create our route map and specify the match and set parameters In this example, we will use the name “routevlan”:

route-map routevlan permit 10 match ip address 1

172.16.2.1/24

172.16.3.1/24 172.16.4.1/24

s1

s0 e1 e0

ISP A RouterB

ISP B RouterC RouterA

Company A Engineering VLAN

Accounting VLAN

F I G U R E 1 0 1 5 Policy routing configuration for example 2

Internet

access-list 1 permit 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

! route-map routevlan permit 10 match ip address 1

set interface serial0

! route-map routevlan permit 20 match ip address 2

set interface serial1

172.16.2.2/24

172.16.1.2/24

56Kbps link

1.544Mbps link 172.16.1.1/24

172.16.2.1/24

172.16.3.1/24 172.16.4.1/24

s1

s0 e1 e0

ISP A RouterB

ISP B RouterC RouterA

Company A Engineering VLAN

Accounting VLAN

redistri-We explored various advanced route-manipulation techniques including setting metrics on a protocol-by-protocol basis and setting metrics for spe-cific routes We introduced the distribute-list feature as a tool for fil-tering the receiving or advertising of routes, and we showed the virtual interface Null0 to be an efficient way of discarding packets destined for spec-ified networks We also detailed how to redistribute static and connected routes.

Finally, we introduced the powerful features of route maps We used the route map components, match and set clauses, in examples where we routed traffic based on the source network and Layer 4 information (TCP port numbers)

Key Terms

Before taking the exam, make sure you are familiar with the following terms:hop count

metric Null0route redistribution

Written Lab 389

Written Lab

Write the configuration for the RouterA, such that HTTP traffic is directed to RouterC, and all other traffic is directed to RouterB, as shown in the following graphic:

“routeweb”:

route-map routeweb permit 10We’ll now set the criteria for the first match clause:

match ip address 101Next, we will use the set clause to specify the next-hop address of traffic satisfying the match clause:

RouterB

RouterC

RouterA

HTTP Telnet, FTP, etc.

Finally, we need to specify where to send traffic if the match condition is not met:

route-map routeweb permit 20 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1RouterA will now send all HTTP traffic over the T3 link to RouterC and all other traffic over the T1 link to RouterB

First, we create an access list on RouterA that specifies which networks

we want to be advertised:

access-list 1 permit 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255Next, we use the distribute-list command to permit only the net-work specified in the access list:

router rip distribute–list 1 out

Lo0 1.1.1.1/24

RouterA RIP RouterB

Lo1 2.2.2.2/24

3.3.3.1/24 3.3.3.2/24

!version 11.2

!hostname RouterB

!interface Serial0

ip address 3.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 clockrate 56000

!router rip network 3.0.0.0

!

no ip classless

!line con 0line aux 0line vtp 0 4 login

!endIssuing the show ip route command on RouterB reveals that RouterB has entries for networks 1.1.1.0 and 3.3.3.0 but not for network 2.2.2.0

5. Which of the following are metric components of IGRP? (Choose all that apply.)

Review Questions 395

9. Which of the following protocols share similar metrics?

A. RIP and OSPF

B. IGRP and EIGRP

C. BGP and RTMP

D. NLSP and RIP

10. What command, under the router eigrp 10 command, would you enter to set the default metric for EIGRP to use, regardless of which protocol was being distributed into the EIGRP process?

A. redistribute eigrp metric 56 10 255 1 1500

A. access-list 1 in

B. distribute-list 1 out

C. distribute-list 1 in

D. distribute 1 out

12. What happens to packets that are forwarded to the Null0 interface?

A. The packets are sent to the gateway of last resort

B. The packets are policy-routed

C. The packets are marked as discard eligible

D. The packets are discarded

13. Which of the following commands will display the default tion metric for a protocol?

15. If a local interface is not part of a routing process, what command may

be used to inject its route into a routing process?

Review Questions 397

17. Given the command route-map routemail permit 20, what does

20 represent?

A. The sequence number of the route map

B. The access list number being used

C. The TCP port number being routed

D. The percent of bandwidth to be allocated

18. In order for IGRP and EIGRP to automatically redistribute routes into each other, what must be true?

A. They must be advertising subnets of the same major network

B. They must have the same process ID (the same Autonomous System)

C. They must be in different areas

D. They must both be in totally stubby areas

19. What command could you use to view RIP updates as they occur?

A. show ip protocols

B. show ip route

C. show ip rip

D. debug ip rip

20. What does the command distribute-list 2 out do?

A. It prevents or permits the routes specified in access-list 2 from being added to the local routing table

B. It prevents or permits the routes specified in access-list 2 from being advertised

C. It redirects the routes specified in access-list 2 to the Null0

interface

Answers to Review Questions

1. D RIP considers only the number of routers (hops) to be traversed en route to a destination network

2. B Cisco uses 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 to indicate a default route in a static routing statement

3. B and D Route maps have two primary components, a match clause and a set clause The function of the match clause is to specify the traffic that is to be policy routed The purpose of the set clause is to manipulate the routing of traffic by adjusting such parameters as next-hop address

4. B and D IGRP and EIGRP are similar in that they use the same ric components, and they are both Cisco proprietary

met-5. A and C The metric components of IGRP are bandwidth, delay, ability, load, and MTU size

reli-6. D The values for load range from 1 through 255, where 1 is unloaded and 255 is completely loaded A 10 percent load may be cal-culated by multiplying 255 by 1, which equals 25.5 Since we need to specify load in terms of an integer, we choose 25

7. A Even though the maximum MTU size for Ethernet is 1518 bytes, the default MTU value used in the metric calculation for an Ethernet interface is 1500 bytes

8. A Reliability values range from 1 through 255, where 1 is pletely unreliable and 255 is completely reliable

com-9. B Both IGRP and EIGRP use bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and MTU size as their metric components

Answers to Review Questions 399

11. C The in parameter on a distribute-list command specifies routes to be added to a router’s routing table The out parameter specifies routes to be advertised from a router

12. D The Null0 interface is a virtual interface, which is sometimes referred to as a bit bucket Packets sent to the Null0 interface are dis-carded Since a static route requires less processing than an access list,

a route to Null0 is sometimes preferable to an access list denying a ticular host or network

par-13. C The show ip protocols command will display such information

16. A, B, C, and D Route maps, which use a combination of match and set clauses, can be used for all of the listed applications

17. A The 20 is the sequence number of the route map The sequence numbers of the route map determine in what order the match and set clauses will be evaluated

18. B If IGRP and EIGRP processes are both running on the same router, and they both have the same process ID, then their routes will automatically be redistributed into each other

19. D The debug ip rip command can be used to view the contents of RIP updates as they occur

20. B The out parameter of the distribute-list command deals with advertising routes, while the in parameter deals with adding routes to the local routing table

A

Practice Exam

1. How is a BGP session established between two routers?

A. Telnet

B. TCP (SYN, ACK, SYN)

C. UDP (SYN, ACK, SYN)

D. IPX SAP

2. Which of the following is true concerning a stub area?

A. It does not receive summary Link State Advertisements

B. It does not receive Type 5 LSAs

C. It is configured with the IOS command area stub area-id

D. Only the ABR needs to be configured as stubby

3. Which two of the following would you use to avoid creating a mesh BGP network?

B. When connecting multiple ISPs

C. When connecting routers within the same AS

D. When configuring backup links

7. What route/subnet mask combination indicates a default route?

404 Appendix A
Practice Exam

9. What does the IOS command show ip ospf virtual-links do?

A. It shows the router link states

B. It shows the network link states

C. It shows the status of a router’s virtual links

D. It shows the virtual memory that a router is using to maintain its link state database

10. What does the command redistribute static do?

A. It makes dynamically learned routes permanent

B. It takes manually configured routes and redistributes them into a specified routing protocol

C. It takes routes from directly connected interfaces and redistributes them into a specified routing protocol

D. It causes the same metric to be used for a routing protocol, less of which routing protocol it is being redistributed into

regard-11. Which syntax used with the clear ip bgp command is used to tify that the command is to affect inbound or outbound triggered updates?

Practice Exam 405

13. If an external AS is not receiving updates from your AS, which of the

following show commands can be used to troubleshoot this? (Choose

all that apply.)

A. show ip bgp events

B. show ip bgp neighbor

C. show ip bgp all

D. show ip bgp

14. If you wanted to summarize networks 172.16.100.0/24 and

172.16.106.0/24, which network and mask would you use?

A. 172.16.0.0/24

B. 172.16.100.0/20

C. 172.16.106.0/20

D. 172.16.96.0/20

15. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Every OSPF network must have an Area 0

B. A router with one or more interfaces in Area 0 is said to be a

back-bone router

C. If an IGRP routing process connects to a multi-area OSPF

net-work, the router through which it enters the OSPF network is called an ABR

D. An ASBR separates two or more OSPF areas

16. If you wanted to reduce bandwidth usage, which Cisco IOS features

could you use? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Access lists

B. Snapshot routing

406 Appendix A
Practice Exam

17. Which IOS command will display redistribution parameters?

19. Which is true regarding routing protocols?

A. Classless routing protocols send periodic subnet mask information

B. Classless routing protocols send incremental subnet mask information

C. Classless routing protocols send prefix mask information

D. All devices on a network running classless routing protocols must use the same mask

20. Which of the following commands is used to specify the NBMA work type?

net-A. ip ospf nmba network

B. ip ospf network

C. ip ospf nmba-network

D. ip ospf network-nmba

21. The following output is an example of using which command?

BGP neighbor is 172.16.11.254, remote AS 100, internal

link

Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2

Route-Reflector Client

BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.16.1.1

BGP state = Established, table version = 1, up for

12:10:16

Last read 00:00:06, hold time is 180,

keepalive interval is 60 seconds

Minimum time between advertisement runs is 5 secondsReceived 143 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

Sent 52 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

Prefix advertised , suppressed 0, withdrawn 0

Connections established 2; dropped 1

Last reset 12:10:16, due to User reset

53 accepted prefixes consume 32 bytes

0 history paths consume 0 bytes

408 Appendix A Practice Exam

23. How many steps (neighbor states) are involved in establishing an OSPF adjacency?

A. Five

B. Six

C. Seven

D. Four

24. Which of the following is true regarding route summarization?

A. It’s used primarily with discontiguous networks

B. It’s used primarily with contiguous networks

C. Do not use with VLSM

D. It’s used with non-hierarchical addressing

25. The OSPF state is simply the state of receiving Hello packets on the interface

A. Down

B. Up

C. Init

D. Active

26. What happens to traffic that is sent to the Null0 interface?

A. It is set to a full CIR

B. It is discarded

C. It is sent to the default interface

D. It is multiplexed with other traffic leaving the router on interface Null0

27. Which of the following are true regarding IP unnumbered? (Choose all that apply.)

A. It does not work over HDLC networks

B. It is not compatible with SNMP

C. It does not work over X.25 networks

D. You cannot ping an unnumbered interface

28. Which of the following is true regarding routing protocols?

A. Classful routing protocols send periodic subnet mask information

B. Classful routing protocols send incremental subnet mask

information

C. Classful routing protocols send prefix mask information

D. All devices on a network running classful routing protocols must use the same mask

29. In the IOS command used to create an OSPF virtual link, area

area-id virtual-link router-area-id, what is the area-id?

A. The transit area’s ID

B. The IP address of the highest loopback interface configured on the router

C. The ID of the area that is not physically adjacent to the

backbone area

D. The highest IP address configured on the router

30. If you wanted to see the configured peer BGP routers and the current connection state, which Cisco IOS command would you use?

A. show ip bgp all

B. show cdp bgp neighbors