The tool was designed to be the primary way to customize SharePoint 2007, and it enabled users to not only change the user interface but also to build powerful applications without writi
Trang 1Working with sharePoint
Designer 2010
WhAt’S IN thIS chAPtER?
Introduction to SharePoint Designer
➤
➤
The new user experience
➤
➤
Controlling the use of SharePoint Designer
➤
➤
Uses of SharePoint Designer
➤
➤
Organizations purchase SharePoint to help them do more with less SharePoint is a tool to help companies work smarter as opposed to harder Although SharePoint is very powerful and has
a long list of features and capabilities out of the box, it is fair to assume that most companies are going to want to customize the product in some way This is where SharePoint Designer (SPD) fi ts into the picture; it is the preferred tool for customizing SharePoint
Before we get too far into this chapter, we need to address the elephant in the room Whether you are a developer or an administrator, you’ve probably already formed an opinion about SharePoint Designer or have heard co-workers and friends saying negative things This book
is family friendly and many of the comments about SPD shouldn’t be repeated — let’s just say that most folks seem to think that the tool does more harm than good
The bad reputation started back with Microsoft FrontPage, a product that made creating websites easy, almost too easy in many cases Bad websites created using FrontPage began
to pop up all over the place FrontPage’s reputation was so toxic that there are tales of web developers not being hired because they listed FrontPage on their resumes
However, aside from making bad websites, FrontPage was also the tool of choice for customizing SharePoint 2003 It wasn’t until organizations started upgrading to SharePoint 2007 that everyone realized the full extent of the problems that were caused by FrontPage Entire migration efforts were made signifi cantly more diffi cult because of how FrontPage customized SharePoint sites
22
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When SharePoint 2007 was released, FrontPage was split into two products: Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer 2007 and Expression Web Designer The name FrontPage was conspicuously dropped from both products SPD 2007 was a vast improvement over FrontPage The tool was designed to be the primary way to customize SharePoint 2007, and it enabled users to not only change the user interface but also to build powerful applications without writing any code This meant that any business user was able to use SPD 2007 to create functionality, such as a custom workflow, that previously required a developer and significant effort to accomplish
Despite the name change and all of the new functionality in SPD 2007, the negative perceptions persisted Many users described their “love-hate” relationship with the product The common feel-ing was that although SPD 2007 was one of the most powerful software tools they had ever used to create valuable business solutions with SharePoint, it was also very quirky For example, SPD 2007 enabled users to back up a site as long as the site was not larger than 24MB In other cases, users would get frustrated with SPD 2007 because it would rewrite the code for their web page without asking Additionally, SharePoint administrators were frustrated by SPD 2007 because of the lack of control they had over the tool being used in their environment
Yes, FrontPage and SPD 2007 both had some issues; but all of these things are behind us now When SharePoint Designer 2010 was created, it was done so with many of these complaints and pain points in mind Therefore, for those of you who have written off SPD and called it nasty names, it’s time to give the tool another chance The whole product has been revamped to place more of an emphasis on integrating with SharePoint and less on being a tool for editing web pages that also kind of has something to do with SharePoint
This chapter provides a high-level overview of the features and capabilities of SharePoint Designer 2010 You’ll take a look through the various menus and see some examples of how to perform several common tasks, including the following:
Managing your sites
➤
➤
Working with data sources
➤
➤
Views and forms
➤
➤
Workflows
➤
➤
Branding
➤
➤
Sit back, relax, and take a deep breath as we venture off on a tour of SharePoint Designer 2010
WhO ShOuLd uSE ShAREPOINt dESIgNER?
SPD is a very powerful tool, and despite many of the improvements for SPD 2010 that simplify its use,
in the wrong hands it can cause problems Whether you are a SharePoint administrator, developer, or end user, make sure that when you first start using SPD you are doing so from a place where you can
do no harm
With that public service message out of the way, who should use SPD? The tool is intended to be
used by site owners and power users to create and add functionality to SharePoint, without needing
to know how to write code The same reasons that make SPD an ideal tool for end users also make
it an ideal tool for developers and administrators
Trang 3INtROductION tO ShAREPOINt dESIgNER 2010
The name “SharePoint Designer” suggests that it is a tool for website designers, but customizing your site’s look and feel is just one of many tasks that SPD is capable of doing Perhaps a better name would
be something like “SharePoint Management Studio” because SPD 2010 acts as a central location to manage your SharePoint sites
There have been a number of improvements to SPD 2010, starting with a new UI Like everything else in SharePoint 2010, SPD has been updated with a new user interface that introduces the fl uent
UI, otherwise known as “The Ribbon.” By now this isn’t a new concept Aside from the Ribbon, the menus themselves have been updated to make it easier to do many common tasks Those familiar with SPD 2007 would often use the tool to make changes to web pages or create a custom workfl ow With SPD 2010, most of the functionality from the previous version is still there (and improved), but
it is now possible to manage your SharePoint sites directly from the tool In this section we’ll discuss the basics you’ll need to begin using SharePoint Designer 2010
Requirements for using SPd 2010
On April 2, 2009, Microsoft announced that SharePoint Designer 2007 would be available as a free download Many assumed that this was an April Fool’s Day joke that came a day too late, but
it was no joke Microsoft made this move because several organizations decided not to purchase the tool based on its original cost When SPD 2010 was announced, many wondered if the tool would still be offered as a free product The good news is that SPD 2010 will indeed be available
as a free download, at www.microsoft.com/spd Following are the necessary requirements:
Supported operating systems
➤
Service Pack 1; Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2; Windows Server 2008 R2; Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2; Windows Vista Service Pack 1
Computer and processor
➤
Memory
➤
➤ — 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher
Hard disk
➤
SharePoint Designer 2010 works only with SharePoint 2010 If you try to open
your MOSS sites with SPD 2010, it won’t work Although this might be frustrating
for some users, it was a decision made by the SharePoint Designer product team
in order to make it possible to implement all of the changes for the new version of
the project.
In environments where SharePoint 2007 and SharePoint 2010 are both installed,
it might be necessary to have SPD 2007 and SPD 2010 installed side by side on
the same machine If this applies to you, make sure you install the same version
of SPD 2010 that you did with SPD 2007 Because SPD 2007 only came in x86,
if you wanted to install SPD 2010 on the same machine it would be necessary to
install SPD 2010 x86.
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OvERvIEW OF thE NEW ux
It should be pretty obvious by looking at SharePoint Designer 2010 that there have been some signifi-cant improvements to the user interface Aside from the Ribbon, the entire user experience for SPD
2010 now reflects the stronger focus on SharePoint itself Users can now easily see all the components that make up their sites, and the various relationships between the components In general, users can now control most of the common pieces of their SharePoint site directly from SPD 2010 without having
to wade through several disconnected settings screens
Before we proceed, it would probably be helpful to actually open SharePoint Designer so that
it is easier to follow along: Click Start➤➤➪➤➤All Programs➤➤➪➤➤SharePoint, and then click Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010
The first screen that opens is referred to as the Sites place This screen is divided into four self-explanatory areas: Open SharePoint Site, New SharePoint Site, Recent Sites, and Site Templates
In the Site Templates section, by default you’ll only see three options for templates: Blank Site, Blog, and Team Site (see Figure 22-1) Clicking on one of these templates will open up a dialog that enables you to create a new site once you specify a URL If you want to create a new site based on a different template that isn’t specified, you can click the More Templates button and type in the URL of a site that has more options For example, typing in the URL for a site created using the Enterprise Wiki template would allow you to choose from additional templates such as Enterprise Wiki, Publishing Site, and so on
FIguRE 22-1
If this is the first time you’ve opened SharePoint Designer, the Recent Sites area will be blank and you’ll need to click the Open Site button Once the Open Site dialog opens, you can type in the address
of your site in the format of http://contoso or http://contoso/subsite and then click Open
Your site will open to what is referred to as the settings page, shown in Figure 22-3, which displays
high-level information such as the title, description, URL, SharePoint version number, permissions, subsites, etc The settings page for the site is the starting point from which all changes to your site
Trang 5can be made Previously, when SPD 2007 opened, users were presented with a multi-paned interface that contained a blank HTML page and other areas that allowed you to edit the parts of your page (see Figure 22-4) SPD 2010 has an updated user interface that puts more of a focus on SharePoint itself All aspects of your SharePoint site should be easily accessed from this page
In SharePoint Designer 2007 it was possible to do offl ine editing of fi les such as
master pages or page layouts With SPD 2010, it is still possible to do offl ine
edit-ing but you must fi rst connect to a SharePoint site In other words, if you don’t
have access to a SharePoint site, you won’t be able to use SPD even if someone
were to send you the fi le If you do try to edit a fi le without fi rst opening a site,
you’ll get the error shown in Figure 22-2.
FIguRE 22-2
FIguRE 22-3
Trang 6652 ❘ chAPtER 22 WorkiNg With sharePoiNt desigNer 2010
The user interface, shown in Figure 22-5, is
divided into three main areas:
Navigation
➤
➤ — This pane shows the
various components that make up a site,
including lists, libraries, master pages,
page layouts, workflows, content types,
etc Clicking on one of the links will take
you to a Gallery page
Gallery and Summary
➤
area of the screen, which displays the lists
of each component type along with
sum-mary information
Ribbon
➤
➤ — As with the rest of SharePoint,
electing an object causes the Ribbon to
display menus and options for customizing
that object
The navigation panel is the most common way to navigate the site No matter which gallery has been clicked, the navigation panel is always visible You can quickly jump to the settings page by clicking the Site link (listed first in the navigation) or jump to any of the other areas of the site
FIguRE 22-5
FIguRE 22-4
Trang 7The gallery pages provide a high level view of each of the various areas of the site Whether you are trying to determine how many lists there are or what workflows are available, the galleries provide a quick way to get whatever information you need about the site Additionally, clicking
on a gallery will cause the Ribbon to change context and show buttons related to what’s selected For example, if you are on the site settings page, then the Ribbon displays common actions
you might perform at the site level; but if you click the Lists and Libraries gallery, the Ribbon changes to show options specifically related to lists and libraries In
most cases, the options available in SPD are the exact same options
that are available from the SharePoint user interface The advantage
of SPD is that it provides a single place to quickly navigate through
the different areas of the site
Another thing to note is that a gallery can be opened as a “mini-gallery”
below the navigation pane To do this, hover your mouse over the link
for a gallery in the navigation and you’ll see a pin icon (see Figure 22-6)
Clicking the pin icon displays the mini-gallery This mini-gallery will
continue to show even when you select a different gallery However, it is
only possible to pin one gallery at a time
Once you click the link in the navigation, the contents of the gallery will
be displayed In most of the galleries, clicking the name of an item once
will open its settings page, but double-clicking on the item will open its
editor For example, if you click the Lists and Libraries gallery and then
click the title for the Announcements list, the settings page will open;
but if you were to instead double-click on the list, the editor will open
for the list, showing the various columns along with new options
avail-able from the Ribbon
Opening the editor for an object can be tricky, though The
easi-est way is to ensure that you double-click away from the name of
the object you are clicking on For the Announcements list, it might
be easier to click on the item near the Type column, rather than the
Name column
bread crumbs, tabs, and Navigation
The way that you navigate throughout SPD 2010 has also changed significantly As mentioned pre-viously, the site settings page is now the common area that can be used to access all other areas of the site; but as you navigate from the site settings page, there are now additional ways that make it easier to get around Users who are familiar with Windows 7 will find the navigation aspects of SPD
2010 to be very familiar
There are forward and back buttons that function the same as if you were navigating around in your favorite web browser If you click on an area of the site and want to go back to the place you just were, simply click the back button to return to the page Additionally, if you’ve got forward and back buttons on your mouse they can also be used in the same way that they work with Web pages
in a browser
FIguRE 22-6
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There is also a bread crumb navigation that shows where you are in relation to the site For example,
if you were to click on Lists and Libraries and then the Announcements list, the bread crumb would have a link for each level if you wanted to jump up in the site hierarchy (see Figure 22-7) The bread crumb links themselves can be expanded, enabling you to quickly jump to other areas of the site
As you click on different files, they will open as different tabs in your site This works very similarly
to how tabs work in a web browser Each tab maintains a history, so it is easy to quickly jump back to something you were working with earlier (see Figure 22-8)
FIguRE 22-7 FIguRE 22-8
the File tab
Most of us are used to the concept of a File menu that can be accessed in the upper-left corner of all software applications SPD 2010 is no different; a quick glance in the upper-left corner of the screen shows the File tab, which is highlighted in orange so it is tough to miss Clicking the File link will take you to a page that looks very similar to the one you first see when you start SPD 2010 This menu is the place for doing things above and beyond working on the site you might be editing The File tab is the location from which you can open other sites, add pages, import files, or view and change SPD 2010’s settings If you need the Help menus or want to find the version number for SPD
2010, that would also be accessed from this menu To exit out of this screen, click the tab to the immediate right of the File tab to go back to where you were
checking and changing the current user
You may have noticed a small icon in the bottom left corner of your SPD 2010
window that looks like a person (see Figure 22-9) If you hover your mouse over
this icon, it will highlight the name of the user currently logged in to SPD 2010
Clicking this icon enables you to log in with a different user account This is
use-ful for testing permissions scenarios or support issues to determine what access a
specific user might have
FIguRE 22-9
Trang 9REStRIctINg AccESS tO ShAREPOINt dESIgNER
Early in the chapter we mentioned the negative feelings that many users have had about previ-ous versions of SPD These feelings weren’t just isolated to individuals; many organizations also decided not to use SPD Despite the fact that SPD 2007 was a very powerful tool, one of its major shortcomings was that it was very difficult to control access If you had enough access to a site, then you could use SPD This problem was magnified when the tool was made available as a free download Organizations wrote lengthy governance documents that outlined how SPD was to be used in their environment, but unfortunately those words didn’t actually stop brave users from downloading the tool and doing things they shouldn’t be doing
SharePoint administrators everywhere can breathe a sigh of relief, because SharePoint 2010 now pro-vides much tighter control over how SPD can be used in an organization with the following settings:
Enable SharePoint Designer
➤
➤ — Determines whether SharePoint Designer can be used at all
Enable Detaching Pages from the Site Definition
➤
which detaches them from the site definition
Enable Customizing Master Pages and Layout Pages
➤
the navigation pane and prevents users from updating master pages and layout pages
Enable Managing of the Web Site URL Structure
➤
navi-gation pane
These new options enable organizations to control SPD 2010 at the level appropriate to their
requirements SharePoint 2010 allows access to SPD to be controlled at two different levels:
Central Administration
➤
➤ — Accessed from the General Application Settings menu, this enables farm administrators to control SPD at the web application level Disabling the options here prevents site collection administrators from enabling the functionality
Site Collection
➤
➤ — Accessed from the Site Collection Administration section in Site Settings, this enables site collection administrators to control SPD access for Designers and Site
Owners
The following example walks you through the process of updating the SPD settings from Central Administration:
1 Open Central Administration from your SharePoint server by clicking Start➤➤➪➤➤All
Programs➤➤➪➤➤Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products➤➤➪➤➤Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Central Administration
2 Click General Application Settings in the left navigation
3 From the SharePoint Designer section, click Configure SharePoint Designer settings (see Figure 22-10)