Sử dụng photoshop cs5 part 63 potx

In this short but fun chapter, you will learn how to apply gradients via a Gradient fill layer and the Gradient tool, and how to create and modify gradients via the Gradient Editor.. ➤ T

IN THIS CHAPTER Creating a Gradient fi ll layer 367 Using the Gradient tool 369 Creating and editing gradient

presets 370

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two or more opaque or

semitranspar-ent colors Gradients can be used to enhance the

background behind imagery or type or to add color to

objects In this short but fun chapter, you will learn

how to apply gradients via a Gradient fill layer and the

Gradient tool, and how to create and modify gradients

via the Gradient Editor

Creating a Gradient fill layer

A gradient that you apply via a Gradient fill layer

appears in its own layer, complete with a layer mask

that can be used to control how much of the gradient

is visible Like an adjustment layer, this type of

gradient is editable, restackable, and removable —

unlike a gradient that you apply directly to a layer

A good use for a Gradient fill layer is to add color

behind silhouetted imagery or type

To apply a gradient via a fill layer:

1 If you want the gradient fill to display behind

sil-houetted imagery or type, click the layer directly

below the image layer or type layer.A

2 Optional: To confine the gradient to an area of the

layer, create a selection

3 From the New Fill/Adjustment Layer menu

on the Layers panel, choose Gradient The Gradient

Fill dialog opens

Continued on the following page

A The original image contains a silhouetted image layer and

a separate white Background We clicked the Background.

4 Click the Gradient picker arrowhead at the top of

the dialog, click a gradient preset on the picker,A

then click back in the dialog and keep it open

➤ To load in more gradients, open the preset

picker menu, choose a library name from

the assortment at the bottom, then click

Append in the alert dialog (see also page 401)

5 Choose a gradient Style of Linear, Radial,

Angular, Reflected, or Diamond.B

6 Do any of the following optional steps:

Change the Angle for the gradient by moving the

dial or by entering a value

Use the Scale slider to scale the gradient relative

to the layer The greater the scale percentage, the

more gradual the transition between colors in

the gradient

Drag in the document window (with the dialog

still open) to reposition the gradient

Check/uncheck Reverse to swap the order of

colors in the gradient

EDITING THE GRADIENT FILL LAYER MASK

If you create a selection before creating a Gradient fi ll layer, the selection will be represented as a white area within the layer mask thumbnail for the Gradient fi ll layer on the Layers panel To reshape the mask, click the layer mask thumbnail, then with the Brush tool, paint with white to enlarge the white area or with black to enlarge the black area Via the Masks panel, you can adjust the density of the black area in the mask or feather its edge

Gradient Fill dialog, we chose the “Light Purple” preset

(in the Simple library) and the settings shown above.

C We reduced the opacity of the Gradient fill layer to 80%.

A In the Gradient Fill dialog, click the Gradient picker,

then click a preset in the picker.

Check Dither to minimize banding (stripes) in

the gradient on print output

If you created a selection in step 2, check Align with Layer to fit the complete gradient within

the selection, or uncheck this option to have the gradient stretch across the whole layer With this option unchecked, only part of the gradient will display within the selection area

7 Click OK CNote: If the Gradient fill layer is now obscuring all the layers below it, do any of the following: lower the opacity of the the fill layer, restack it below the layers you want to keep visible, or lower the opacity of some of its color stops (see page 370)

➤ To edit the settings for the Gradient fill layer, double-click the Gradient fill layer thumbnail

The Gradient Fill dialog reopens

➤ To apply a gradient as an editable Gradient Overlay layer effect, see pages 362–363

Using the Gradient tool

With the Gradient tool, you create a gradient by

dragging in the document window Each time you

drag, an additional gradient is applied Although

you can’t edit the results in the same way that

you would edit a Gradient fill layer, if you use the

tool on a separate layer, at least you will be able to

change the layer blending mode or opacity

To apply a gradient with the Gradient tool:

1 Create a new, blank layer for the gradient

Optional: To confine the gradient to an area of

the layer, create a selection

2 Choose the Gradient tool (G or Shift-G)

3. On the Options bar, do all of the following:

Click the Gradient picker arrowhead, then click

a preset on the picker

Click a Style button: Linear, Radial, Angle,

Reflected, or Diamond

Choose Mode: Normal and Opacity 100%

4 Do any of the following on the Options bar

(optional):

Check Reverse to swap the order of colors in

the gradient

Check Dither to minimize banding (stripes) in

the gradient on print output

Check Transparency to enable any transparency

that was edited into the gradient, or turn this

option off to apply a fully opaque gradient

5 For a Linear gradient, drag from one side or

corner of the image or selection to the other

For any other gradient style, drag from a center

point outward (Shift-drag to constrain the

angle to a multiple of 45°).A–CDrag a long

distance to produce subtle transitions between

colors or a short distance to produce abrupt

transitions; this has the same effect as

chang-ing the Scale value in the Gradient Fill dialog

6 Change the gradient layer mode or opacity.

➤ To delete the last results of the Gradient tool,

click the prior state on the History panel

➤ For a gradual transition between the masked

and unmasked areas, click the mask thumbnail

for an image, editable type, adjustment, or fill

layer, or for a Smart Filter, then drag in the

document with the Gradient tool See pages

244–245 and 350

B This is the Layers panel for the image shown below.

C This is the final image.

A With the Gradient tool (Diamond style chosen), we dragged diagonally from the middle to the lower right on a new, blank layer.

You can create a variation of any gradient preset in

the picker or create new, custom presets When you

edit a preset, Photoshop forces you to work on a

copy automatically so the one in the library is

pre-served We’ll show you how to add and change the

colors in a gradient, adjust the color transitions, and

make individual colors semi- or fully transparent

To create or edit a gradient preset:

1 Open the Swatches and/or Color panels (they

can be collapsed to icons)

2 To open the Gradient Editor, do either of the

following:

Choose the Gradient tool (G or Shift-G),

then click the Gradient thumbnail on the

Options bar.A

Double-click the thumbnail for an existing

Gradient Fill layer, then click the gradient

thumbnail at the top of the Gradient Fill dialog

3 Click the preset swatch that you want to create

a variation of (When you begin editing the

gradient, the Name will change to Custom.)

Keep the Gradient Type as Solid and the

Smoothness setting at 100%

If you want to create a gradient that uses

whichever Foreground and Background colors

are in effect when the gradient is applied, click

the Foreground to Background preset.*

4 For any gradient except Foreground to

Background, click the starting (left) or ending

(right) color stop under the gradient bar, then

do either of the following:

Click a color on the Swatches panel, or on the

color ramp at the bottom of the Color panel,

or in any open document window (the pointer

becomes a temporary Eyedropper tool)

Click the Color swatch at the bottom of the

Gradient Editor, choose a color from the color

picker, then click OK (you can also open the picker by double-clicking a color stop)

5 Do any of these optional steps:

To add an intermediate color to the gradient,

click below the gradient bar to produce a stop, then choose a color for that stop, as described

in the preceding step

To control the abruptness of a transition between colors, click a color or opacity stop,

then drag the midpoint diamond (located on

either side of the stop) to the left or right (A, next page) The diamond marks the point at which two adjacent colors are evenly mixed

To add an opacity stop, click above the

gradi-ent bar, then use the scrubby slider to change the Opacity percentage You can also click any existing opacity stop and change its Opacity percentage (B–C, next page) Transparency is represented by a checkerboard pattern

To change the location of a color or opacity

stop in the gradient, drag it to the left or right

To delete an unwanted opacity or color stop,

drag it upward or downward off the bar

➤ Use Ctrl-Z/Cmd-Z if you need to undo the last edit (some edits can’t be undone)

6 Don’t click OK yet! To create a preset of your custom gradient, type a name in the Name field, then click New ( D , next page)

Note: Your new presets will be deleted from the picker if you allow them to be replaced by another gradient library or if the Photoshop Preferences file is deleted or damaged To save all the presets currently on the picker as a per-manent library, click Save, enter a name, keep the default location, then click Save again See also page 401

7 Click OK to exit the Gradient Editor ( E, next page), and then the Gradient Fill dialog The gradient displays on the Gradient picker

➤ To delete a gradient preset from the picker, Alt-click/Option-click the preset thumbnail

➤ To rename a gradient preset, double-click the swatch in the Gradient Editor; the Gradient Name dialog opens

Creating and editing gradient presets

Gradient thumbnail on the Options bar

*Foreground to Background is the first preset in the default gradient library To reload that library, choose Reset Gradients from the

Gradient picker menu, then click Append or OK.

E We applied our custom gradient via a Gradient fill layer (above an image layer) The dialog settings we chose are shown above Note that we chose the Reflected style.

D We lowered the opacity of the first and last opacity stops Finally, we

named our custom gradient, clicked New, then exited both dialogs.

C We added two more color stops.

B We clicked above the bar to add a couple of intermediate opacity stops

(note the checkerboard pattern in the bar) We also lowered the opacity

of the second stop.

A In the Gradient Editor dialog,

we clicked below the gradient bar

to add an intermediate (third) color to our two-color gradient, chose a color for that stop, then moved the midpoint diamond to make the transition between the middle and end colors more abrupt.

A color stop

An opacity stop

An added stop

USING BLENDING MODES TO ENHANCE A GRADIENT

B Color Burn blending mode C Luminosity blending mode D Linear Light blending mode

E Difference blending mode F Pin Light blending mode G Multiply blending mode

A In all the images on this page, the gradient is supplied

by a Gradient fill layer below

a silhouetted image layer A different blending mode is chosen for the image layer in Figures B through G.