Sử dụng photoshop cs5 part 22 pptx

To delete or disband a layer group: On the Layers panel, do one of the following: Click a group to be deleted, click the Delete Layer button, then in the alert dialog, click Group Only

You can delete a layer group and its layers or merely

disband the group while preserving the layers

To delete or disband a layer group:

On the Layers panel, do one of the following:

Click a group to be deleted, click the Delete

Layer button, then in the alert dialog, click

Group Only or Group and Contents Or to

quickly delete a group and its contents, click the

group, then press Backspace/Delete

Right-click a group and choose Delete Group

from the context menu, then click either Group

Only or Group and Contents.

To disband a layer group without deleting the

layers it contains, click the group, then press

Ctrl-Shift-G/Cmd-Shift-G The group icon

disappears from the panel and the layer listings

are no longer indented

Deleting individual layers

To delete a layer:

1 Deselect (press Ctrl-D/Cmd-D).

2 Click the layer to be deleted, then press

Backspace/Delete

➤ Change your mind? Choose Edit > Undo or click

the prior state on the History panel

➤ Another way to delete a layer: Click the layer,

click the Delete Layer button, then click Yes

in the alert dialog; or to bypass the alert, simply

Alt-click/Option-click the Delete Layer button

Hiding and showing layers

By hiding the layers you’re not currently working on,

you eliminate them as a visual distraction Hidden

layers don’t print The instructions below apply to

layers and the Background

To hide or show layers:

On the Layers panel, do one of the following:

To hide or show one layer or layer group, click

in the visibility column A–B The icon

disappears

To hide or show multiple layers, drag upward or

downward in the visibility column

To hide or show all layers and layer groups except

one, Alt-click/Option-click the visibility column

for the layer or layer group that you want to hide

or show

B The type layer is now hidden.

A Click in the visibility column to show or hide a layer.

Moving layer content

Follow these instructions to reposition a selected

layer or group of layers with the Move tool Note:

To link layers first so they will move as a unit, see

page 307

To move layers manually:

1 On the Layers panel, do one of the following:

Click a layer

Shift-click or Ctrl-click/Cmd-click multiple layers

Click a layer group

2 Choose the Move tool or hold down V to

spring-load the tool

3 Drag in the document window A–B If you move

part of the layer or layers outside the canvas area,

don’t worry — those pixels will save with the

document and can be moved back into view at

any time (See “Working with pixels outside the

canvas area” on page 235.)

➤ To nudge a selected layer by one pixel at a time,

choose the Move tool, then press an arrow key

Or press Shift-arrow to move a layer by 10 screen

pixels at a time (Don’t press

Alt-arrow/Option-arrow — unless your intention is to duplicate

the layer.)

➤ For a more precise approach to repositioning

layers, use the align buttons on the Options bar

See page 247

B The type layer was moved downward.

A The type layer is being moved with the Move tool.

USING SMART GUIDES TO ALIGN IMAGERY

You can use Smart Guides to align the edge of a

layer you’re moving with the edge or center of

other layers Turn on View > Show > Smart Guides,

then with the Move tool, start moving a layer

or layer group Temporary magnetic guide lines

will appear onscreen when the edge of the layer

imagery you’re moving encounters the edge or

center of nontransparent pixels, type, or a shape on

another layer To learn more about Smart Guides,

see page 252

Choosing Layers panel options

You can dramatically change the appearance of a

layer and the layers below it by using the blending

mode and/or opacity controls.A The layer opacity

control makes the layer content (e.g., imagery, brush

strokes, type, shape, Smart Object, adjustments,

layer effects) more or less opaque, whereas the

blending mode affects how the layer content blends

with underlying layers

Note: The following is a brief introduction to

these two features The blending modes are

illus-trated fully on pages 192–196, and instructions for

using them are given on pages 302–303 The Opacity

and Fill options are compared on page 301

To change the blending mode or opacity of

a layer or layer group:

1 Select one or more layers or a layer group Note:

In order to see the results of the next step, the

contents of the selected layer must overlap some

contents of the underlying layer

2 Choose a blending mode from the menu in the

upper left corner of the Layers panel and/or

change the Opacity percentage (use the scrubby

slider)

The Lock Transparent Pixels button on the Layers

panel prevents or allows the editing of

transpar-ent pixels by any command or tool In the

follow-ing instructions, you’ll see how this option affects

strokes that are applied with the Brush tool, but

remember that this button also affects other edits

By default, transparent pixels on a layer are

repre-sented by a gray and white checkerboard pattern

To limit edits by locking transparent pixels:

1 Click an image layer (not an editable type layer).

2 Choose the Brush tool (B or Shift-B) To

change the brush diameter, press [ or ]

3 Show the Swatches panel, then click a color

4 On the Layers panel, click the Lock Transparent

Pixels but ton, then draw brush strokes in the

document.B Only nontransparent pixels can be

recolored

5 To deactivate the Lock Transparent Pixels

button, click again or press /

6 Paint on the layer again Notice that now all the

layer pixels are fair game for editing, whether

they’re transparent or not.C

CUSTOMIZING THE CHECKERBOARD

In the Transparency Settings area of Edit/Photoshop >

Preferences > Transparency & Gamut, you can change the size or color of the checkerboard pattern that rep-resents transparent pixels (or you can hide it from view

by choosing None from the Grid Size menu)

C With the Lock Transparent Pixels option off, brush strokes can be applied anywhere on the layer.

A We chose Color Burn mode for the type layer and lowered the Opacity of the “cheese” layer to 40% (compare this image with the one on the preceding page).

B With the Lock Transparent Pixels option on, our brush strokes are affecting only nontransparent pixels.

Use the lock options for layers to prevent inadvertent

edits as you work on other layers

To lock a layer or layer group:

1 Click a layer or layer group.

2 Click any of the following:

The Lock Image Pixels button to prevent all

layer pixels from being edited You can still move

the layer, as well as choose options for it, such as

a blending mode, opacity level, layer effects, etc

The Lock Position button to lock only the

location of the layer The layer content (e.g., pixels,

type characters, or styling) can be edited as usual

The Lock All button to prevent the layer from

being moved or edited (both of the above)

Unlike the other lock options, this button is also

available for layer groups

When a lock button is activated for a layer, a

padlock icon displays next to the layer name.A

To choose thumbnail options for the Layers

panel:

Right-click a layer thumbnail and choose any of

the following:

Small Thumbnails, Medium Thumbnails, or

Large Thumbnails Note: Turning off

thumb-nails by choosing No Thumbthumb-nails can help boost

Photoshop’s performance, but frankly, we find it

pretty darn hard to work without them

Clip Thumbnails to Layer Bounds to show, in

the panel thumbnails, only the area that

encom-passes the opaque pixels on the layer (a useful

option if your layers contain many silhouetted

shapes or pixels outside the canvas area),B or

Clip Thumbnails to Document Bounds to

dis-play the whole layer in the thumbnails,

includ-ing any surroundinclud-ing transparent pixels that lie

within the canvas area

You can assign a color to the area behind the

visibil-ity icon on each layer to help categorize them, make

them easier to identify — and make the panel look

pretty, too!

To color-code a layer:

Click a layer, then right-click the visibility

column and choose a color label.C

B For this Layers panel, we chose the Large Thumbnails and Clip Thumbnails

to Layer Bounds options

A When the Lock All button option is acti-vated for a layer, the padlock icon is black.

C Click a layer, then from the con-text menu for the visibility column, choose a color.

Merging layers

The merge commands — Merge Down, Merge Layers,

and Merge Visible — merge two or more selected

layers into one layer (the bottommost of the selected

layers) You can apply any of these commands

peri-odically during the editing process to reduce the

file size of your document or to reduce unnecessary

clutter on the Layers panel

Note: The Flatten Image command, which is

dis-cussed on page 146, is normally applied to a copy of

a file as a step before final output

To merge selected layers:

1 Do one of the following:

Click the upper layer of two layers to be

merged.A The bottom one must be an image

layer or the Background, and cannot be a group

Ctrl-click/Cmd-click nonconsecutive layers The

layers can be solo, within a group, or a

combina-tion thereof

Click a group (All the layers in the group will be

merged — but just with one another.)

Note: You can merge an adjustment layer into an

image layer, but you can’t merge adjustment

layers into one another You can also merge an

editable type layer downward, but be aware that

it will become rasterized

2 Do either of the following:

Right-click the selected layer and choose Merge

Down, or choose Merge Layers if multiple layers

are selected, or choose Merge Group if you

selected a group

Press Ctrl-E/Cmd-E.B

If the underlying layer contains a layer mask, an

alert dialog will appear Click Preserve to keep

the mask editable, or click Apply to apply the

mask effect to the newly merged layer and delete

the mask

If you merged the layers in a group, the group

icon will disappear from the panel

➤ If you want to merge layers while preserving

access to a copy of the original, separate layers,

see “To copy and merge layers” on the next page

➤ The Merge Down command won’t be accessible if

the Lock All button is enabled for the currently

selected layer

A We clicked the “cheese” layer.

B We chose the Merge Down command, which merged the “cheese” layer into the “left side” layer.

SMART OBJECT INSTEAD OF MERGE OR FLATTEN

Instead of merging or fl attening layers, consider

achieve the same reduction of layers, plus you’ll gain the ability to edit the original layers individually by double-clicking the Smart Object layer thumbnail See the fi rst task on page 308

The Merge Visible command merges all the currently

visible layers while preserving any hidden layers as

separate layers By hiding the layers you don’t want

to merge before choosing this command, you can

control which ones will be merged

To merge all visible layers:

1 Make sure only the layers you want to merge

are visible (have eye icons), and hide any layers

(including the Back ground, if desired) that you

don’t want to merge

2. Right-click one of the visible layers (not a type

layer) and choose Merge Visible (Ctrl-Shift-E/

Cmd-Shift-E).A–B

Note: This sort of goes without saying, but if you

merge an editable type layer or adjustment layer,

the specific features of that kind of layer (such

as the settings from an adjustment layer) will no

longer be editable

The commands in the following instructions will copy

and merge (“stamp”) two or more selected layers into

a new layer in a single easy step, while preserving the

original, separate layers This might come in handy,

say, if you want to test some edits (such as filters or

transformations) on multiple layers You would use

one of these commands first, then apply your edits to

the new layer Note: For an alternative to using these

commands, see the sidebar on the preceding page

To copy and merge layers:

Do either of the following:

Ctrl-click/Cmd-click the layers (not the

Background) to be copied or merged into a new

layer, then press Ctrl-Alt-E/Cmd-Option-E

To copy and merge all the currently visible

layers into a new layer, including the Background

(if visible), click any visible layer, then press

Ctrl-Alt-Shift-E/Cmd-Option-Shift-E

➤ If layers and the Background are selected when

you use the first shortcut listed above, content

from the selected layers will be stamped into the

Background, and no new layer will be created

A In this document, we hid the Background because we don’t want our layers to merge into it.

B The Merge Visible command merged all the layers except the Background, which remains hidden.

Flattening layers

Two reasons to flatten all the layers in a file are to

conserve storage space or to prepare it for output

or export At the present time, the only file formats

that support multiple layers are Photoshop PDF,

Photoshop, Large Document Format, and TIFF If

the application to which you’re planning to export

your file can’t read or accept layered files, you’ll have

to either flatten it or save a flattened copy of it by

using File > Save As The latter method (which is the

one we normally use) preserves the layered version

so you can overwork it to death at a later time

To save a flattened copy of a file:

1 Choose File > Save As

(Ctrl-Shift-S/Cmd-Shift-S).The Save As dialog opens

2 Do all of the following:

Change the file name

Choose a location

Uncheck Layers (the As a Copy option becomes

checked automatically; keep it that way)

Choose a file format from the Format menu

Click Save

Note: The layered version remains open; the

flattened version is saved to disk

If you’re confident that your image is totally

com-plete, finis, you can use the Flatten Image command

instead of saving a flattened copy This

com-mand merges the currently visible layers into the

bottommost visible layer — but be aware that it also

discards hidden layers!

To flatten the layers in a document:

1 Make sure all the layers and layer groups you

intend to flatten are visible (have eye icons) It

doesn’t matter which layer is selected

2 Right-click any layer name (not a type layer)

and choose Flatten Image If the file contains

any hidden layers, an alert dialog will appear;

click OK Any formerly transparent areas in the

bottommost layer are now white

The Layers panel shown in figure A contains a

type layer, layer styles, image layers, layer masks,

and an adjustment layer The Flatten Image

com-mand will rasterize all of the above, apply the

masks, and flatten all the layers.B

B The Flatten Image command flattened all the visible layers into the Background and discarded the hidden layer (“left side”).

A When you choose the Flatten Image command, it doesn’t matter which layer is selected In this docu-ment, the “left side” layer is hidden.