Grammar flyers 1

Các thầy cô giáo, các quý phụ huynh và các em học sinh thân mến!Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh đóng vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình học ngoại ngữ của học sinh.. Ngữ pháp chính là xương sống, hỗ t

Countable And Uncountable

Tiếng Anh có 8 loại từ chính, được chia làm 2 nhóm:

Nhóm đóng: Từ không bị biến đổi

Nhóm mở: Từ bị biến đổi và phát triển bằng cách thêm, bớt các tiền tố, hậu tố.

LOẠI TỪ VAI TRÒ, VỊ TRÍ

(Đại từ) Đại từ là từ dùng đại diện và thay cho danh từ để tránh lặp lại danh từ đó nhiều lần.

Ex) She is my teacher.

• Thường dùng với danh từ và đại từ hay chỉ mối tương quan giữa các từ này với những từ khác.

• Diễn tả mối tương quan về hoàn cảnh, thời gian hay vị trí

Ex) Minh goes to the park with me.

• Nối các từ (words), ngữ (phrases) hay câu (sentences) lại với nhau.

• and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung

• or (hoặc): diễn tả sự lựa chọn

• but (nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản nhau

• so (vì thế, do đó): diễn tả hậu quả

• therefore (vì thế, do đó): đồng nghĩa với so, chỉ hậu quả

• however (tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản, đồng nghĩa với but Ex) Jack and Cody are students

• Diễn tả biểu lộ tình cảm hay cảm xúc đột ngột, bất ngờ.

• Các từ loại này không can thiệp vào cú pháp của câu.

Ex) Wow! What a beautiful girl!

LOẠI TỪ VAI TRÒ, VỊ TRÍ

• Là từ chỉ vật, người, địa điểm, con vật, ý tưởng …

• Có thể đóng vai trò làm danh từ, tân ngữ, cụm trạng ngữ

• Sau từ hạn định (a, an, the, this, that, these, those)

• Sau tính từ sở hữu (my, your, her, his…)

• Sau lượng từ many, some, any…

• Hậu tố thường gặp: -ment, -ist, -ness, -tion, -ance, -or, -er…

Ex) They like those books.

• Là từ chỉ hoạt động

• Đứng sau chủ ngữ hoặc trợ động từ

• Nguyên thể có dạng to V

• Sau trạng từ chỉ tần suất (Adverb of Frequency) nếu là động từ thường, trước trạng từ chỉ tần suất nếu là động từ “to be”.

• Hậu tố thường gặp: -ize, -ise, -yze, -fy, -y, -en, -ate

• Là từ dùng để miêu tả 1 danh từ hoặc đại từ

• Trước danh từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó

• Sau các từ nhận thức, tri giác: look, feel, seem, smell, taste, find, sound

• Sau các từ: stay, remain, become

• Hậu tố thường gặp: -ive, -ful, -ous,

This is an interesting book.

• Là từ miêu tả động từ, tính từ hoặc trạng từ

• Đứng đầu câu, trước dấu phẩy.

• Bổ nghĩa cho động từ, đứng trước hoặc sau động từ

• Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ, đứng trước tính từ

• Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ, trạng từ

• Hậu tố thường gặp: -ly

She drives carefully She is very clever.

Exercise 1: Match the definitions below to the correct parts of speech (Nối định nghĩa với tên từ loại tương ứng.)

1 Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs are … a nouns

2 Words used instead or in place of nouns are … b adjectives

3 Words that express people’s feeling and emotions are … c verbs

4 Words that connect two words or sentences are … d pronouns

5 Words that describe a noun or a pronoun are … e adverbs

6 Words that show the relationship between other words in a sentence are … f conjunctions

7 Words that indicate persons, places, animals, things or ideas are … g prepositions

8 Words that describe the action or state are … h interjections

Exercise 2: Tick ( ) the words that are the NOUNS

On a sunny, small house morning, a tidy table sits beside a bowl and a pillow, while a cook in the kitchen stirs a drink at the cooker A wooden board rests near the tub and a switch on the wall controls the car wash outside, making the day feel productive A brave head lifts as someone makes a jump in the yard, and a noisy wind rattles the windows, adding texture to the scene In the corner, a computer glows beside a neat stack of notes, and a shark mural on the wall gives the room a playful vibe The old furniture and the wonderful, simple layout prove that comfort can come from practical pieces like a table, a bowl, a chair, and a sturdy cooker.

Exercise 3: Tick () the words that are the ADJECTIVES

From the list, the adjectives are interesting, thirsty, young, nice, modern, sad, sick, and heavy These descriptive words modify nouns such as bed, bear, mouse, hand, person, eye, and glass, helping to create vivid mental images: a young mouse scurries under the bed, a thirsty bear lingers by a glass, a nice hand offers help to a modern person, and a sad eye hints at a sick mood Recognizing these adjectives enhances vocabulary and improves how you craft clear, search-friendly sentences.

Exercise 4: Tick () the words that are the VERBS

Every day I [borrow] a little time to plan, then [fly] across the region and often [taxi] to the next meeting I [send] updates to my team and [study] ideas about a cake recipe, I [book] a flight and [see] a book to pass the time I [sweep] the floor and plant a flower on the windowsill I [drive] to the coast, [do] a quick stretch, and [ride] along a narrow road where a horse grazes A plane [glides] overhead, and the moment [feels] tasty and [good] as the sunset paints the horizon.

Exercise 5: Tick () the words that are the PREPOSITIONS

During the summer, a student travels in a van with a driver to new experiences, leaving the hospital behind and guided by the fresh air and the thrill of travel The van moves round the city, stopping opposite a quiet cafe where the driver will say it is about more than getting from one place to another Inside, a refrigerator hums softly under the seat, and the huge road ahead feels rough yet full of promise The driver says the trip is about learning, with every mile turning into a story behind the wheel, on the road, and in memories that stay with the traveler This journey is always about learning and growing, carrying a sense of wonder and encouraging us to pay attention to the moments that matter, behind the wheel and on the road.

Exercise 6: Tick ( ) the words that are the ADVERBS

Carefully planned as a family, our routine centers around dinner and a warm blanket over the bed, a small ritual mom keeps simple and comforting How well we sleep sets the tone for the day, and quite often the morning begins early as the bus arrives fast and we hurry toward the front entrance Sometimes the elevator is out, so we never skip the stairs, but there’s easy fun in the little moments we share together By lunch and dinner we’re laughing again, and the scene at home feels like a safe haven for the family, with mom guiding us to move fast when needed and slow down to enjoy the moment There, the warmth of home makes everything quick and simple, a quick balm for the day.

Exercise 7: Tick () the correct column

(Đánh dấu  vào cột phù hợp.)

Words Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Exercise 8: Put the underlined words in the correct boxes (Điền từ được gạch chân vào hộp phù hợp.)

1 She was wearing a really beautiful dress.

2 Wow, you have got a scholarship.

3 The cat is climbing up the tree

4 She quickly got off the bus.

5 Tiger is a strong and powerful animal.

6 Gosh, you broke the vase

7 We have a big house, but we don’t have a garden.

8 He thinks we will arrive at about 8 p.m.

9 Turn down the music or I will tell mom.

10 Ouch! It hurts so much

Exercise 9: Underline and write the word that is the part of speech indicated in parenthesis (Gạch chân và viết từ tương ứng với từ loại trong ngoặc.)

We walked along the beach

He has made beautiful cards.

We like pizza, but she doesn’t

Where did you buy your clothes?

He is really interested in action films.

What a lovely house you have!

Wow, You look so stunning in this dress.

What food do you like?

We often go cycling after school.

The glasses are on the table.

These shoes are too expensive.

Do you want to buy icream or coconut?

Is the car over there yours?

Exercise 10: On the line to the left of the sentence, write the part of speech of the underlined word

(Viết tên từ loại tương ứng với từ được gạch chân.)

2 My grandfather advised me to eat healthy food

3 There is a well in the garden

4 Is Mary or Rachel the best student?

5 He spends all his free time on computer games

6 Don’t be late for school!

7 She’s more careful than her sister

8 This is a useful tip, and it’s easy to remember

10 My cat is sleeping under the chair

11 They are my best friends

12 Hurray! Our team has finally scored a goal!

13 Facebook is very popular today

14 Unfortunately, he broke his leg

15 I have learnt English for ten years

Exercise 11: Identify the different parts of speech of each word in the sentences (Xác định từ loại của các từ trong câu.)

[Example] He ate fresh apples pronoun verb adjective noun

3 My father is interested in action movies.

4 He doesn’t like orange juice.

5 Emma always does her homework.

6 My sister is sleeping in her room.

8 He successfully passed his test.

9 There is a new book in the bag.

10 My friend and I live in the same building.

Exercise 12: Write your own sentences with the given parts of speech (Đặt câu dựa vào các từ loại cho sẵn.)

1 Noun | verb | preposition | article | noun

Exercise 13: Pick a word from the box to complete the sentence (Điền từ trong hộp vào ô trống phù hợp)

Adjective Verb Adverb of time

1 This new car was bought white yesterday

Adjective Verb Adjective Adverb of manner

2 My daughter a cake quickly delicious lovely made

Adverb of time Noun Adverb of manner

3 , Lilly sang a song last week beautifully

4 The students can this difficult do test easily intelligent

5 The book is , the old one is boring but interesting new

Exercise 14: Choose the best answer

1 We sometimes go to the park.

2 I love to have a glass of warm milk in the morning.

4 This cake smells so good

5 We must drive slowly at the crossroads.

6 My father is very hard-working.

8 Oh, I forgot to do my homework.

9 I was sick, so I didn’t go to school.

10 These oranges are very juicy.

1 Yeah! You can say that again.

3 Should I take a taxi or catch a bus?

5 Remember to take out the trash, Henry!

7 There is some milk in the glass.

Articles - A, An, The

Ex: a car an university an uniform

Ngoại từ an heir, an hour, an honor a + nguyên âm

Nouns (danh từ) là các từ dùng để gọi tên sự vật, sự việc

(places: địa điểm, people: con người, things: đồ vật; animals: động vật…)

(Danh từ không đếm được)

Là những danh từ có thể đếm được bằng số (1, 2, 3…)

Là những danh từ không thể đếm được bằng số.

(có số lượng là 1) a + phụ âm

Ex) a car an + nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u)

Ngoại lệ: a + uniform (đồng phục) (u có phiên âm là /ju:/) an + hour (giờ) / honor (vinh hạnh ) / heir (người thừa kế) (h là âm câm)

Danh từ không đếm được không có dạng số nhiều và số ít (không kết hợp với a/ an và không có đuôi s/es)

Một số danh từ không đếm được:

(Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều)

Quy tắc Danh từ kết thúc tận cùng Thêm Ví dụ

Countable And Uncountable Nouns And Partitives

Quy tắc Danh từ kết thúc tận cùng Thêm Ví dụ

3 phụ âm + y y  ies a fly  flies

4 f / fe f / fe  ves a leaf  leaves

Ngoại trừ: roofs, cliffs, chiefs …

Ngọại trừ: radios, photos, pianos …

6 trường hợp còn lại + s a car  cars

7 Bất quy tắc have  has

(Một số danh từ số nhiều bất quy tắc)

NHÓM DANH TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

A > B a person a mouse a ox a child people (người) mice (con chuột) oxen (con bò rừng) children (trẻ em)

English plural forms vary Some nouns stay the same in both singular and plural—sheep, fish, deer, and salmon Others form irregular plurals by changing vowels: goose becomes geese, foot becomes feet, and tooth becomes teeth There are also irregular pairs where the word changes entirely, such as man to men and woman to women Recognizing these patterns helps with correct spelling, grammar, and usage in everyday English.

Food partitives (Từ định lượng)

Các danh từ đếm được số nhiều hoặc không đếm được có thể kết hợp với các cụm từ định lượng.

4 a bowl of một chén/ bát

6 a carton of một hộp giấy

8 a glass of một ly/ cốc

15 a dozen một tá (12 đơn vị)

16 a slice of một lát cắt

18 a box of một hộp / thùng

19 a tin of một hộp (thiếc)

Exercise 1: Put the nouns into the correct box

(Điền danh từ vào các cột tương ứng) student house snake girl market parrot teacher table park shark farmer zoo bird cup boy school pen bear fridge book

Exercise 2: Write “C” for Countable and “U” for

Uncountable (Điền “C” nếu là danh từ đếm được và “U” nếu không đếm được.)

Exercise 3: Write a or an (Điền a hoặc an.) dolphin

Countable And Uncountable Nouns And Partitives parrot

Here are the plural forms for the exercise: book — books; tree — trees; sheep — sheep; foot — feet; day — days; cat — cats; eraser — erasers; tray — trays; bench — benches; wife — wives; tomato — tomatoes; spy — spies; boy — boys; door — doors; berry — berries; goose — geese; butterfly — butterflies; bus — buses; donkey — donkeys; tooth — teeth; key — keys; ox — oxen; pot — pots; knife — knives; pen — pens; sock — socks; fish — fish; toy — toys; woman — women; party — parties; church — churches; girl — girls; city — cities; witch — witches; lady — ladies; half — halves; man — men; wolf — wolves; baby — babies; leaf — leaves; child — children; valley — valleys.

Exercise 5: Write the following nouns into the plural

Exercise 6: Turn the following words into plurals by adding an ‘s’, ‘es’ or ‘ies’ (Chia danh từ số nhiều bằng cách thêm ‘s’, ‘es’ hoặc ‘ies’.)

Exercise 7: Write the singular form with a or an

(Viết danh từ dạng số ít kèm a hoặc an.)

Exercise 8: Underline the correct answer

(Gạch chân đáp án đúng.)

1 I had two [sandwich] [sandwiches] for breakfast

3 I saw three [persons] [people] in front of my house.

4 Jane bought a lovely [dress] [dresses].

6 There are some [strawberry] [strawberries] in the basket.

7 Would you like a [burger] [burgers]?

8 Can I borrow your [calculator] [calculators]?

9 I have some good [new] [news] for you.

10 I have a [desk] [desks] in my room.

Exercise 9: Underline the correct noun

(Gạch chân danh từ đúng.)

1 I need to buy some new furniture | furnitures

2 My mother always gives me good advice | advices

3 I have saved a lot of money | moneys

4 There are ten girl | girls in my class.

5 My mother usually has a cup of tea | teas every morning.

6 I’m looking for some information | informations on the Internet.

7 I usually do my homework | homeworks after having dinner.

8 How many bowl | bowls are there on the table?

9 Go and buy 1 bag of sugar | sugars , Alex!

10 My sister likes eating strawberry | strawberries

Exercise 10: Complete the sentences with the plural form of the nouns in brackets (Hoàn thành câu với dạng số nhiều của danh từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Only ten are allowed in this lift (person)

2 Can you cut the melon into two ? (half)

3 In the past, were used to help plough the fields (ox)

4 There were a lot of dead in our garden (leaf)

5 The deer was attacked by a pack of (wolf)

6 Don’t forget to brush your (tooth)

7 Many love to go to the zoo (child)

8 Look! Those are very colourful (fish)

9 The police caught three of the yesterday (thief)

10 I saw a flock of swimming (goose)

Exercise 11: Circle the correct plural form of each noun

(Khoanh vào dạng số nhiều của các danh từ sau)

1 There are two of lemonade in the fridge

2 The film is about two

4 I can see three big on the table

5 There are some in the vase.

6 I hurried to school, so I forgot my at home

8 My favorite are English and Literature

9 How many are there in a week?

Exercise 12: Choose the correct food partitive

(Chọn từ định lượng đúng.)

1 A (slice / head) of pizza 2 A (plate / cup) of coffee

3 A (piece / can) of cake 4 A (slice / carton) of milk

5 A (bar / tube) of chocolate 6 A (piece/ bunch) of flowers

7 A (jar / box) of honey 8 A (glass / bunch) of lemonade

9 A (kilo / bowl) of soup 10 A (bag / loaf) of crisps

Exercise 13: Choose the correct noun

(Chọn danh từ phù hợp.)

2 My sister is afraid of

3 Do you know where my are?

4 There were a dozen in the tray

6 How many did you take at the party?

8 In my team, there are three girls and four

9 People should plant more to protect the environment.

10 Are more careful than men?

Exercise 15: Underline the mistakes and correct them

(Gạch chân lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng)

1 There are a lot of person in the playground.

3 Don’t let children play with knifes!

4 My brother has ten watchs.

5 Can you buy me two loaves of breads?

6 My uncle has two childs They are very obedient.

7 There aren’t any apple left

8 I will go to Ha Noi in two daies.

9 How many tooths does an adult have?

10 The sheeps are eating grass.

Prepositions – Place, time,

Quantifiers - Many, much, some, any much, some, any

Quantifiers Uses Plural (Ns/es) Uncountable

• Được dùng trong câu khẳng định, câu hỏi thể hiện lời mời, đề nghị (Would you like ?/ Can I have…?)

• Được dùng trong câu phủ định, câu hỏi (nhấn mạnh số lượng)

• Được dùng trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định

• Với câu khẳng định, chúng thường đi kèm với "so",

Các danh từ đếm được số nhiều hoặc không đếm được có thể kết hợp cùng 1 số lượng từ sau:

Exercise 1: Write much or many

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with much or many (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng much hoặc many )

1 There are too people in the mall.

Quantifiers - Many, much, some, any

2 I didn’t have enough time to visit my relatives.

3 Jane has so work to do.

4 I have got so interesting comics to read.

5 There isn’t food in the fridge.

6 There aren’t vegetables in the basket.

7 There is so snow in the street.

8 We don’t have trees in our garden

9 Alex has put too sugar into his coffee.

10 I don’t like too butter on my bread.

1 I’ve got so many | much toys.

2 There isn’t many | much information in this book.

3 There are so many | much sweets for the children.

4 Pam has so many | much free time.

5 Tom has many | much friends.

6 We have many | much lessons today.

7 My aunt hasn’t got many | much money.

8 Sam ate too many | much sandwiches.

9 There isn’t many | much milk in the glass.

10 We haven’t got many | much computers.

Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with How many or

How much (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng How many hoặc How much )

5 tomato sauce would you like?

8 apple juice is there in the bottle?

9 milk is there in the bottle?

10 strawberries do we need for this recipe?

Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer

1 I need some sugar do you need?

2 people are there in your family?

3 places have you visited this month?

4 money do I need to pay for this laptop?

5 hours do you spend watching TV a day?

6 work do you have to do?

7 sleep did you get last night?

10 times have you been to America?

Exercise 6: Write some or a / an

Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with some or any

(Hoàn thành câu sử dụng some hoặc any )

1 There’s bread on my plate.

2 There are grapes in the basket.

3 There isn’t soup in the bowl.

5 Is there milk in the bottle?

7 There are spring rolls for dinner.

10 There aren’t burgers for breakfast.

1 There isn’t [some] [any] help

2 Do you know [some] [any] English people?

3 We need [some] [any] more coffee.

4 Can I have [some] [any] pepper, please?

5 I didn’t eat [some] [any] rice today.

6 He hasn’t bought [some] [any] new clothes recently.

7 Have you got [some] [any] brothers and sisters?

8 I’m having [some] [any] problems with my car.

9 Are there [some] [any] restaurants near here?

10 There aren’t [some] [any] birds in the sky.

Exercise 9: Write a, an, some, or any

(Điền a , an , some , hoặc any )

3 He’d like to eat piece of pizza.

4 We need apple and cherries for the cake.

5 Is there yoghourt in the fridge?

8 I don’t think I want cup of tea

10 There is egg sandwich on your plate

11 I don’t like to eat vegetables.

15 I’ll make tuna sandwich for you.

18 We’ve picked up strawberries.

2 There are too people in this room.

4 How dolls are there on the floor?

5 How money did Tom borrow from you?

6 How cheese is there in the fridge?

8 Brian has got ruler in his pencil box.

9 How coins have you got in your pocket?

10 We haven’t got soap but we have got shampoo.

Exercise 11: Underline and correct the mistakes

(Gạch chân và sửa lỗi sai.)

1 There is some boys in my class.

2 I don’t like carrots very many.

3 Do you have many housework to do?

4 How much children are there on the bus?

6 Would you like any fried chicken wings?

7 How much kilos of beef do you want to buy?

8 I have so much good friends.

9 Are there any sugar in the bag?

10 How many meat should we eat a day?

Tenses

(Mạo từ không xác định)

Chỉ dùng với danh từ số ít Lần đầu được nhắc đến I have a bike

Miêu tả nghề nghiệp She is a doctor

Miêu tả đặc điểm This is a big house

(Mạo từ xác định) Được nhắc đến từ lần thứ

I have a bike The bike is white Đối tượng cụ thể The children are in the garden

Trong tiếng Anh, mạo từ (article) được chia làm 2 loại: Mạo từ xác định (definite article)

“The” và Mạo từ không xác định (Indefinite articles) gồm “a, an”.

Vật duy nhất The sun is shining Địa danh chung I go to the park after school

So sánh nhất She is the best student

Nhạc cụ She is playing the piano

The + tính từ để chỉ 1 nhóm đối tượng

Từ sử dụng với nghĩa chung I don’t like snakes

Bữa ăn I have milk and bread for breakfast

Năm, tháng She was born in 2005

Trước tên quốc gia, châu lục, tên núi, hồ, đường phố (Ngoại trừ những nước theo chế độ Liên bang – gồm nhiều bang (state)

She lives in the US

Ngôn ngữ, môn học I have English class every day

Next, last Let’s go skiing next week

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with a / an

(Điền a / an vào chỗ trống.)

Exercise 2: Circle the correct answer

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with a / an / ∅

(Điền a / an / ∅ vào chỗ trống)

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer to differentiate these confusing sentences (Chọn đáp án đúng để phân biệt các câu gây nhầm lẫn sau.)

2 He is [an] [a] excellent teacher.

3 My full name is Tom [the] [x] Smith.

4 [The] [x] Smiths love to go hiking on weekends.

5 Quan is [x] [the] smarter than Minh

6 Quan is [the] [x] smarter of the two.

7 I have [a] [an] LG television in my room

8 Alex has [a] [x] cold [The] [x] cold was pretty bad.

9 We need to walk [x] [the] north.

10 Our house is in [x] [the] north.

Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer to differentiate these confusing sentences (Chọn đáp án đúng để phân biệt các câu gây nhầm lẫn sau.)

1 See you x | the next time.

2 I’ll pay x | the next time we have dinner.

3 At the stop sign, turn x | the left and walk along the street.

4 The cinema is on x | the right.

6 The organisation helps x | the elderly.

7 I like x | the French I spend two hours practising speaking it every day.

8 I like x | the French They are very romantic.

9 We’ll meet in x | the afternoon.

10 We are meeting at x | the noon.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with a / an / the

(Điền a / an / the vào chỗ trống)

1 Mr Tuan is famous doctor

3 I am working for bank in Hanoi.

4 We used to live in countryside.

6 Does it take you hour to drive to your parents’ house?

7 My daughter is brave girl.

8 I usually go for walk in the morning.

9 Shall we go to zoo tomorrow?

Exercise 7: Fill in the blanks with a / an / the / ∅

(Điền a / an / the / ∅ vào chỗ trống)

8 Da Nang 18 Hoan Kiem street

Exercise 8: Fill in the blanks with the / ∅

(Điền the / ∅ vào chỗ trống)

Exercise 9: Fill in the blanks with a / an / the / ∅

(Điền vào chỗ trống a / an / the / ∅ )

2 capital city of Korea is Seoul?

3 Would you like to go to zoo?

4 Don’t forget to bring umbrella with you

5 Do you like living in city centre?

6 I went to school to pick my cousin up

8 rich are always happy, aren’t they?

10 She lives in Ha Noi with her aunts.

Exercise 10: Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answers (Khoanh vào phương án đúng.)

1 I like black hat over there better than red one.

2 Their car does 100 kilometres hour.

3 Where’s calculator I lent you last week?

4 Do you still live in Hue?

5 Is your father working in old office building?

6 Jane’s mother works as vet.

7 meat is 140 thousand dong kilo.

8 What do you usually have for lunch?

9 My grandmother has terrible headache.

10 You will have whole morning to explore city.

Exercise 11: Put a / an / the where necessary and rewrite the correct sentence (Thêm a / an / the vào các vị trí hợp lý và viết lại câu đúng.)

1 Do you know name of her daughter?

3 My father had sore throat

5 Glasses on my desk belong to Hien.

6 Do you own car? Is car white?

8 Does his name begin with “S”?

10 I need egg for this recipe.

Exercise 12: Find a mistake in each sentence, underline and correct it (Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau, gạch chân và sửa lại cho đúng.)

1 She gave me a good advice.

2 Joe has found an euro.

3 A phone on my desk belongs to Ken.

6 Students don’t have to go to the school on Sundays.

7 They live in an big house.

8 There is new park near my school.

9 We had lunch at a restaurant Food was delicious.

10 That was the boring film.

Pronouns - Đại từ Đại từ được dùng để thay thế cho các danh từ khi không muốn lặp lại các danh từ đó trong câu.

Ngôi Số Nhân xưng Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ

(Nói) ít I Me My Mine nhiều We Us Our Ours

(Nghe) ít You You Your Yours nhiều You You Your Yours

(Được nhắc đến) ít He

His Hers X nhiều They Them Their Theirs

We = You and I: chúng ta

English pronouns translate to Vietnamese in a way that keeps who they refer to clear: they can refer to people (họ) or to objects (chúng) Us is expressed as chúng tôi when the speaker is included, or as chúng ta when the speaker and listener are both involved You translates as các bạn for addressing a group, while singular you is typically bạn Them follows the same animacy pattern: họ for people and chúng for things This mapping—they, us, you, them—helps learners choose the right Vietnamese pronoun based on whether the referent is a person or a thing, and whether you’re speaking about a group or an individual.

Vai trò, vị trí Đại từ Vai trò, vị trí Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ (Subject pronouns)

• Dùng để xưng hô, thay cho các danh từ, đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ

• Là chủ thể chính, gây ra hành động Đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ (Object pronouns)

• Là đối tượng chịu tác động của chủ thể gây ra, đứng sau động từ/ giới từ

• Luôn đi kèm theo sau là danh từ/ cụm danh từ

• Làm chủ ngữ/tân ngữ

• Khi chia động từ không chia theo tính từ sở hữu, chia theo danh từ phía sau Đại từ sở hữu

• Làm chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ

• Dùng để thay thế cho các danh từ có mối quan hệ sở hữu đã được nhắc đến

Possessive case - Sở hữu cách ’s

Sở hữu cách được dùng để chỉ sự sở hữu giữa người hay động vật với vật hoặc mối quan hệ giữa người với người.

• The roof of the house (mái của ngôi nhà)

• A week’s time (thời gian một tuần)

• The Moon’s surface (bề mặt mặt Trăng)

Sự sở hữu giữa người hoặc động vật (A) và vật (B).

B thuộc sở hữu của A, B thuộc về A.

Mối quan hệ giữa 2 hay nhiều đối tượng (người).

(cái đuôi của chú mèo)

 Với sự vật, sự việc chúng ta không dùng sở hữu cách mà dùng giới từ “of” để biểu đạt ý sở hữu.

 Ta có sở hữu cách với thời gian.

 Ta có sở hữu cách với những vật duy nhất.

How to write (Cách viết ký hiệu sở hữu cách)

* Danh từ số ít: A’s B Ex) Tom’s bag.

* Danh từ số ít chứa ‘s’ ở cuối (tên riêng): As’s B hoặc As’ B

Ex) Spears’s house hoặc Spears’ house

* Danh từ số nhiều Ns/es: As/es’ B

* Danh từ số nhiều bất quy tắc: A’s B

* Nhiều danh từ cùng sở hữu: A and C’s B

Ex) Minh and Lan’s car

* Nhiều danh từ sở hữu riêng A’s and C’s B

Ex) Alex’s and Mary’s cars

• ‘s = is khi đứng sau ‘s là danh từ / tính từ / giới từ

• ‘s  is + Ving (hiện tại tiếp diễn)

• ‘s = has đứng sau has là got / Ved / P2

• ‘s = sở hữu cách đứng sau là danh từ

(thể hiện quan hệ sở hữu)

Exercise 1: Complete the table (Hoàn thành bảng sau.)

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns

Exercise 2: Replace the nouns and names by a subject pronoun (Thay thế các danh từ bằng đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ )

Exercise 3: Fill in the object pronouns as in the example

(Điền đại từ tân ngữ.)

7 His father 8 You and me

11 Some hens 12 Tom and me

17 Sam and Bob 18 Dyle and you

Exercise 4: Choose the right personal pronoun

(Chọn đại từ chủ ngữ phù hợp.)

1 is my uncle I I He He They They

2 is thin We We She She II

3 is a long skirt I I He He It It

4 are very young He He They They II

5 are new shoes We We II They They

6 am a pilot He He II We We

7 are sea animals I I It It They They

8 are women He He They They She She

9 is a big city I I He He It It

10 are friends We We He He She She

Exercise 5: Write the correct possessive adjectives

(Điền tính từ sở hữu tương ứng.)

A dog and a cat 3 She 4 James 5 Mice 6 They 7

Exercise 6: Circle the pronouns in each sentence

(Khoanh tròn các đại từ trong mỗi câu.)

5 My house is small, but theirs is big.

6 Where did you put your wallet?

9 His teacher is very strict.

Exercise 7: Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjectives from the box (Điền tính từ sở hữu phù hợp vào ô trống.) my your his her its our their

1 The children love school very much.

2 Do you usually forget key?

5 Jane likes to give presents to children.

6 You should write in notebook.

7 That dog is eating bone.

8 She closes shop at 9 p.m every day.

9 We don’t live with parents.

10 I go to school with friends.

Exercise 8: Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjectives from the box (Điền đại từ sở hữu phù hợp vào ô trống.) mine yours his hers ours theirs

1 This car belongs to Thang It’s

2 This book is It has my name on it.

3 We have lived in this house for 5 years It’s

4 John is looking for his ruler Is it ?

5 That is my coat That coat is

6 Is this Lily’s scarf? – Yes, it’s

7 This is a friend of I live near her house.

8 My children made this cake It’s

10 This hat doesn’t belong to me It’s not

Exercise 9: Put the apostrophe (‘) in the sentences below (Thêm dấu ‘ vào vị trí phù hợp.)

1 I will go to Pats birthday party next week.

2 Do you know where your dads suitcase is?

3 I think these are your sisters glasses She’s looking for them.

4 Andys car is too old.

5 Henrys sisters name is Mary.

6 The policemens uniforms are blue.

7 Thats my friends house over there Her house is white.

8 I can’t remember the girls name Is she Alice?

9 I like Janes dress so much.

10 My brothers in his room.

Exercise 10: Tick  in the correct column to explain the

‘s in these sentences (Xác định ý nghĩa của ‘s.)

4 Jane’s putting on her jacket.

6 David’s looking for Tim’s notebook

7 I’m going to see Bob’s new house

8 John’s swimming in the pool.

9 He’s listening to the radio

10 He’s got a lot of homework to do.

Exercise 11: Make noun phrases using possessive case ’s from these prompts (Viết cụm từ hoàn chỉnh sử dụng sở hữu cách ‘s.)

[Example] the purse / my aunt

My aunt’s purse the boat/ Bob

Pronouns the son / Mr Pike

Exercise 12: Write the correct pronouns (Viết đúng dạng đại từ ứng với danh từ trong ngoặc.)

2 is very playful The cat

3 The teachers always give some homework

4 Can you help ? Jake and Luna

5 How far is house? She

6 Emma and Edward are close friends We

8 can speak Japanese very well You and Nick

9 I want to borrow novel My sister’s

10 These shoes are My son

Exercise 13: Circles the correct pronoun

1 My sister and I | me go jogging every day

2 She | Her is cleaning the floor now.

3 Can Tom and I | me go with our | us friends to the cinema, mom?

4 She | Her and Dan played football all afternoon.

5 My mother and I | me will go shopping tomorrow evening.

6 Clare and him | he were injured yesterday.

7 Can we | us help you with your | you homework?

8 You | Your and I | me should spend more time studying.

9 It | They is playing with it | its ball.

10 Let’s go to my | mine house

1 That’s my father is playing tennis.

2 What time does English class start?

3 It’s not her cap is over there!

4 Joe and Sam are my new neighbours house is to the left of

6 My brother wrote a letter every month.

7 My nieces are cute Everyone adores

8 Look at that picture! is colourful.

9 There is a calculator in our classroom Is it ,

A you B yours C your D you’re

10 You can call my friends and me are free this weekend.

Exercise 15: Underline and correct the mistakes

(Gạch chân và sửa lỗi sai.)

2 Do you know hers mother?

3 I will take care of they.

4 Linh is playing badminton with she brother.

5 George aunt is a famous actress.

6 The girl’s house is the biggest in the street They live with their parents there.

7 Would you like to go shopping with Anna and I?

9 Here is my car Where is your?

10 The boy is putting on he’s sweater.

Giới từ là những từ kết hợp với danh từ / cụm danh từ để chỉ thời gian, vị trí, nơi chốn hoặc phương hướng

Thời gian khái quát nhất

• In + thế kỷ (in the 1800’s)

• In + thập kỷ (in the 80’s)

• In + buổi trong ngày (in the morning)

Place, time, and movement movement

Không gian khái quát nhất

• In + thành phố (in Hà Nội)

• In + làng/thị trấn (in Chinatown)

• In + không gian (in the room)

• In + phương hướng/vị trí (in the North, in the middle)

• In + oto, taxi (in a car, in a taxi)

Thời gian cụ thể hơn

• On + ngày tháng (on May 19 th )

• On + ngày trong tuần (on Monday)

• On + buổi trong ngày cụ thể (on Sunday morning)

• On + ngày trong kỳ nghỉ (On Christmas Day)

Không gian cụ thể hơn

• On + đường phố (on Xuan Thuy Street)

• On + tầng/nơi chốn (on the second floor, on the farm)

• On + bề mặt (on the table)

• On + vị trí (on the left/on the right)

• On + phương tiện cá nhân (on the bike)

• On + phương tiện giải trí (on the Internet)

• At + thời gian cụ thể (at 6pm)

• At + thời điểm (at sunrise, noon, midday, sunset, night, mid-night)

• At + kì nghỉ (At Christmas)

Place (Nơi chốn) Địa điểm cụ thể

• At + địa điểm cụ thể (at home)

• At + tên tòa nhà (at the cinema)

• At + địa chỉ cụ thể (at 20 Cau Giay street)

• At + nơi làm việc/học tập (at school)

• At + địa chỉ email (at Mai@gmail.com)

• Under + khoảng thời gian (under 30 minutes)

• Under + vật che khuất (un the table)

• Under + quá trình/hoạt động (under construction)

Prepositions – Place, time, and movement

• Below + vật thấp hơn về vị trí (below the sea level)

• Below + nhiệt độ (below 10 degrees)

• Below + vị trí thấp hơn chung chung (below his belt)

• Since + mốc thời gian (since 1992)

• Since + mệnh đề (since I was a child)

• For + khoảng thời gian (for 2 years)

• Khoảng thời gian quá khứ + ago (3 years ago)

• Before + mốc thời gian/thời điểm (before 2020, before bedtime)

• Before + sự kiện (before I graduate)

• Over + vật (vượt qua cái gì) (over the wall)

• Above + vật cao hơn (over the row)

• Above + nhiệt độ (above zero)

• To + địa điểm (to the cinema)

• To + nước/địa danh (to America)

• Into + phòng/tòa nhà (go into the kitchen)

• Across + mặt phẳng ( across the street)

• Through + thể tích/khối (through the glass)

• Through + rừng cây/đám đông (through the crowd)

• About + người/vật (about him)

• About + mốc/khoảng thời gian (about 5 a.m)

• About + số (nhiệt độ, khoảng cách, thời gian)

Exercise 1: Write the following words or phrases in the correct column (Điền từ / cụm từ vào cột giới từ tương ứng.)

Christmas Day noon Friday afternoon sunset the evening a quarter past nine my birthday June 8th the 1890s

Exercise 2: Circle the correct preposition of place

(Khoanh tròn giới từ chỉ vị trí phù hợp.)

1 There is a clock on / in the wall.

2 There is a skateboard under / below the bed.

3 The computer is on / in the table.

4 There is a clock in / on to the table.

5 The cup is among / between the ball and the computer.

6 The vase is next / near to the lamp.

7 The guitar is between / below the bed and the cupboard.

8 The teddy bear is in front / behind of the guitar.

9 There is a kite to the left / on the left of the cat.

10 The book is above / on the blanket.

Exercise 3: Circle the correct preposition of place

(Khoanh tròn giới từ chỉ vị trí phù hợp.)

1 John isn’t on | at school today.

2 There is a book in | between my bag.

3 My house is on | opposite the bank.

4 Put your hat in | on your head

5 The kitchen is in | under my bedroom.

6 There’s a little garden in front of | on our house

7 I sit next to | between Trang in my English class

8 We live near | on the park

9 The bank is between | in the supermarket and the cinema.

10 Lucy is standing at | in the bus stop.

Exercise 4: Underline the correct prepositions in the following sentences [(Gạch chân giới từ thích hợp trong các câu dưới đây.)

1 There are some poster [ on | in | at ] the wall.

2 The students are [ at | on | under ] their homes now.

3 We go to school [ in | by | on ] foot.

4 Is there any water left [ under | on | in ] the bottle?

5 There is a sofa [ at | in | on ] the middle of the room.

6 I live [ on | in | at ] 65 Xuan Thuy Street.

7 The park is [ in | to | on ] the left.

8 My class is [ above | on | in ] the second floor.

9 My uncle is working [ on | at | in ] the garden.

10 They are sitting [ in | on | at ] the table.

Exercise 5: Fill in the missing prepositions of time: in, on, or at (Điền giới từ chỉ thời gian thích hợp: in , on , hoặc at )

2 Christmas day 7 half past three

Exercise 6: Underline the correct prepositions to complete the sentences (Khoanh tròn giới từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thành các câu sau.)

1 Let’s watch the sun in / at sunrise.

2 There are many competitions on / in October?

3 Where will you go to / on your holiday next month?

4 I moved to this city at / in 2020.

5 Is your date of birth in / on April 15 th ?

6 We have Literature in / on Tuesday and Thursday.

7 Get ready at / in five minutes.

8 In / On New Year’s Eve, we always watch the fireworks display together.

9 At / On the moment, she is cooking lunch in the kitchen.

10 President Ho Chi Minh was born in / at the 18 th century.

Exercise 7: Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions

(Điền các giới từ vào chỗ trống thích hợp.)

2 What do you usually do Fridays?

3 I’ll see you a few days.

4 Does Kim go hiking in the mountains Sundays?

5 My brother’s birthday is November.

6 Henry walked to the top of the staircase

7 I love to go shopping Christmas time.

8 I am afraid of walking alone in the streets night.

Exercise 8 is a preposition practice task where you fill in the blanks with at, on, in, or x when no preposition is needed The goal is to reinforce correct prepositional usage across common contexts and to help you form clear, natural sentences By focusing on whether a preposition is required, learners improve accuracy, coherence, and fluency in English grammar and everyday communication.

1 We sometimes go out with friends the evening.

2 We visit our grandparents Saturday evenings.

3 What TV program did you watch yesterday evening?

6 He left school July 20 th , 2019.

10 I am travelling to Thailand next Sunday.

11 We usually have a holiday summer.

12 We like going to the beach summer vacation.

13 We went to Phu Quoc last summer.

14 I spend time with my family Easter.

15 I spend time with my family Easter Day.

Exercise 9: Choose the most suitable answer A, B, or C

(Khoanh A, B hoặc C trước phương án đúng.)

1 When is her birthday? November.

2 What time do you go to school? seven o’clock in the morning.

3 When do we have dinner?

(A) At the evening (B) On the evening

4 Does your father work late ?

(A) at night (B) on night (C) in night

(A) at winter (B) on winter (C) in winter

(A) At December 23 rd (B) On December 23 rd

7 When does the first semester begin?

(A) At the beginning of September

(B) On the beginning of September

(C) In the beginning of September

8 When do we get a lot of presents?

(A) At Christmas (B) On Christmas (C) In Christmas

9 When did you move to Hanoi?

9 When do you usually go camping?

(A) On Sunday morning (B) On Sunday morning

Exercise 10: Underline and correct mistakes in the following sentences (Gạch chân và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau)

1 She is standing front of the cinema.

2 I have a P.E class in Wednesday morning.

3 There are some cups in the table.

4 Do you like swimming on the river?

5 My house is next Lan’s.

6 My school is near to my house.

7 She was born in January 25 th

8 Flowers bloom on the spring.

9 What do you do in break time?

10 The new shopping mall is at Thai Ha street.

So sánh hơn của tính từ sử dụng khi đưa ra phép so sánh giữa 2 đối tượng hoặc nhóm đối tượng.

S1 + be + adj-er + than O2 (S2 + be)

S1 + be + more + adj + than O2 (S2 + be)

How to form comparative adjectives

Ex) A car is bigger than a bike.

He is more careful than his brother. Đối với tính từ ngắn: (1 âm tiết)

Kết thúc bằng “e”  thêm r Kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) và 1 phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y, z)

 nhân đôi phụ âm cuối, rồi thêm “er”

Còn lại + er Ex) Wide  wider Hot  hotter

Comparisons – Comparatives and Superlatives Đối với tính từ dài (từ 2 âm tiết trở lên) thêm “more” trước tính từ

Lưu ý: tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng y  đổi y thành ier

Tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng er, ow,et  thêm “er”

Irregular comparative adjectives are a cornerstone of English grammar The key forms are good becomes better and bad becomes worse; much and many become more; little with uncountable nouns becomes less; few with countable plural nouns becomes fewer; and far becomes farther for physical distance (further is often used for metaphorical distance).

Of the two + Ns/es

Ex) She is taller than me.

Which is sweeter, apples or oranges?

Which do you prefer, chocolate or strawberry ice cream?

Of the two girls, Trang is the taller.

So sánh nhất của tính từ sử dụng khi đưa ra phép so sánh từ 3 đối tượng trở lên.

How to form superlative adjectives Đối với tính từ ngắn: (1 âm tiết)

Kết thúc bằng “e”  thêm st

Kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) và 1 phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y, z)

 nhân đôi phụ âm cuối, rồi thêm “est”

Còn lại + est Ex) Wide  widest Hot  hottest

Cold  coldest Happy  happiest Narrow  narrowest Đối với tính từ dài (từ 2 âm tiết trở lên)

Tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng -y  iest

Tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng er, ow, et  thêm “est” Đối với tính từ dài từ 2 âm tiết trở lên  the most

Ex) Complicated  the most complicated Ex) She is the best student in my class.

He is the most careful in my family.

Irregular comparative adjectives follow distinct patterns: good → better → best; bad → worse → worst For quantity, much or many have the comparative more and the superlative most, with uncountable nouns typically using much, more, most and countable nouns using many, more, most The word little changes as well: little → less → least when discussing amount; for countable nouns you use few, fewer, fewest Far also has two common comparative forms—farther and further—and two superlatives—farthest and furthest Using these forms correctly helps clarity and natural sound, and you can optimize SEO-friendly content by including these key irregular adjectives and their forms in context with clear examples.

In + N One of the + adj-est + Ns/es

Among Ns/es Of all + Ns/es

Of the three/four… + Ns/es Câu chia hiện tại hoàn thành

• One of the best students

• It’s the best story I’ve ever read.

Exercise 1 requires you to complete the table by producing the comparative and superlative forms for each adjective or adverb listed For most one-syllable adjectives and adverbs, form the comparative with -er and the superlative with -est (for example, fast → faster → fastest) For many longer words (two or more syllables), use more for the comparative and most for the superlative (for example, beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful) Be mindful of irregular forms such as good → better → best and bad → worse → worst Fill in the corresponding cells to complete the practice.

Exercise 2: Write the comparative form of the following adjectives in brackets (Viết dạng so sánh hơn của các tính từ trong ngoặc.)

1 She is than her mother caring

2 My bag is than his bag old

3 Who is , this actress or that one? popular

4 The country is than the city quiet

5 His brother earns money than him little

6 Trang is than her brother lazy

7 Tung is at maths than Thanh bad

8 January is than April cold

9 My father is at cooking than me good

10 Binh is the of the two boys fat

Exercise 3: Write the comparative form of the following adverbs in brackets (Viết dạng so sánh hơn của các trạng từ trong ngoặc.)

1 I drive than anyone in my family carefully

2 The road is slippery Can you drive ? slowly

3 Trang studies than me, so the teacher is very satisfied with her performance at school hard

4 My friends play badminton than I do excellently

5 Tien swims than Linh fast

6 My sister acts than that actress wonderfully

7 Jack plays basketball than Bill well

8 Can you walk than me? far

9 We arrived than we expected late

10 Brian did his homework than he thought badly

Exercise 4: Write the superlative form of the following adjectives in brackets (Viết dạng so sánh nhất của các tính từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Physics is subject of all (difficult)

2 My teacher is one of people in my school

3 Rob is of all (strong)

4 Who is actor in your city? (famous)

5 Singapore is among country in the world (clean)

6 Of all my grandchildren, Phuong is (intelligent)

7 Is your mother person in your family? (strict)

8 Dave is player in our baseball team (skilful)

9 Which sports is of all? (dangerous)

10 These are TV we have in our shop (cheap)

Exercise 5: Write the superlative form of the following adverbs in brackets (Viết dạng so sánh nhất của các trạng từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Of the three brothers, Hoang speaks English fluently

2 Jason finished the race of all the students quickly

3 Jane dressed at the party last night beautifully

4 Turtles walk of all the animals at the zoo slowly

5 Bob listened to the story of all attentively

6 Tim behaved during the last trip rudely

7 That little girl laughed among the girls happily

8 He works in his office effectively

9 Today, the stars are shining brightly

10 Trang practices playing the piano of the three sisters regularly

(Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng.)

1 She is smarter / more smarter than her friends.

2 They are discussing louder / more loudly than other people in the library.

3 They work harder / more hardly than him.

4 I waited for the bus more long / longer than they did.

5 Life in the city is more comfortable / comfortabler than life in the country.

6 I go to bed early / earlier than my parents.

7 Manh is more talkative / talkativer than Joe.

8 Does she usually choose food more careful / more carefully than you?

9 Do you live farther / farer from school than Tony?

10 Are you more tired / tireder than you were yesterday??

Exercise 7 requires learners to complete sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of adjectives and adverbs This grammar practice covers forming comparisons by adding -er or -est to short adjectives, using more and most with longer adjectives, and applying the same patterns to adverbs to indicate degree Examples illustrate the idea: “This task is easier than that one,” “This chapter is the most engaging in the book,” “She runs faster than her teammates,” and “He spoke most fluently during the presentation.” By selecting the right form, students express when one item is greater or lesser in quality or when something is the utmost example among a group, boosting accuracy in description, writing, and communication With a little attention to word length and common exceptions, learners can master comparatives and superlatives for clear, natural English.

1 Trang is of the two girls (pretty)

2 India is one of countries in the world

3 You look you used to do (happy)

4 Helen sings in her group (beautiful)

5 Elephants are much mice (heavy)

6 I do my homework Yen does (careful)

7 Her skirt is mine (long)

8 Do you run your brother? (slow)

9 Who is person in your family? (modest)

10 Of all the members, Thang is about the test

Exercise 8: Circle the best answers

(Khoanh tròn vào phương án đúng.)

1 Huong spent money on clothes than her sister.

2 This test is than the one I did last week.

C the most difficult D more difficulter

3 Ann is ballet dancer in our school.

5 Can you name building in the world?

6 No house in this street is hers.

7 Mary is student in my class.

C the most active D more active

8 Is this the mobile phone you have got?

9 Is Tom the most hard-working his family?

10 This coat is that one.

Exercise 9: Underline the mistakes and correct them

(Gạch chân lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng.)

1 My neighbour is helpfuler than yours.

2 His brother is more naughty than he.

3 Are snakes most poisonous of all?

4 Suzy looks more elegant then Kate.

5 No other films are most boring than this one.

6 That’s the baddest story I’ve ever read.

7 Going to the beach is exciting than staying at home

8 This bridge is shortter than that one.

9 Which country is the hotest in the world?

10 No one in her class is generous than Kim.

Please paste the sentences you’d like rewritten I’ll return a single English paragraph containing the rewritten sentences with appropriate degrees of comparison, optimized for SEO, with no extra explanations.

1 A calculator is lighter than a laptop (heavier)

2 Mason is the bravest person in my class (No one)

3 This cheesecake is more delicious than any other cake (the)

4 Mount Everest is higher than the Himalayas (lower)

5 Skiing is more difficult than skateboarding (easier)

6 Adam is more interesting than anyone else (most)

7 The great white sharks are more dangerous than others in the world (most)

8 The countryside is cleaner than big cities (are)

9 Jack is the most talented person (No)

10 Emily is more polite than Jane (ruder)

 Thói quen, hoạt động thường xuyên xảy ra

 Quy luật, chân lí, sự thật.

 Lịch trình, thời gian biểu.

 Suy nghĩ, tình cảm, tư tưởng

 To be (+) S + am/ is/ are + O (-) S + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + O (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + O?

 Verb (+) S + V(s/es) (-) S + don’t /doesn’t + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V?

 Every + day, week, month, year…

 Once, twice, three times… + a week/ month/ year

Ex) 1 I always get up early in the morning.

2 Amanda is a teacher She works in a primary school.

3 The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.

4 The trains leave at 5 o’clock every day.

 Trạng từ tần suất (always, often…) đứng sau is / am / are hoặc đứng trước động từ chính V / Vs-es.

 Không kết hợp is / am / are với V / V-es hoặc don’t / doesn’t với be

 Sau do / does (not) thì động từ nguyên thể không có đuôi.

 Hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói / xung quanh thời điểm nói.

 Hành động chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, có kế hoạch.

 Hành động trái với lệ thường.

 Sự thay đổi, biến đổi

(+) S + be + Ving be: am, is, are (-) S + be not + Ving (?) Be + S + Ving?

Ex) 1 Peter isn’t listening to music at the moment He is doing his homework now.

2 The students are visiting Ha Long Bay next week as scheduled.

3 I go to school by bike every day, but today I’m going by bus.

4 The boys are always talking too much in class.

5 It is getting colder and colder.

Ex) 1 I have stayed in Hanoi for 5 days.

2 My mother has just gone to the supermarket.

3 We have never eaten French food before.

4 Linda hasn’t finished this book yet.

5 Up to now, I’ve travelled to Thailand several times.

 Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, có kết quả ở hiện tại.

 Hành động xảy ra không rõ thời điểm

 Hành động đã từng/ chưa từng xảy ra.

 Hành dộng vẫn chưa xảy ra.

 Hành động đã xảy ra bao nhiêu lần tính đến hiện tại.

Up to now, Until now,

Vị trí của các trạng từ

Adverbs such as ever, never, already, and just are used with the present perfect tense In a sentence with have/has and the past participle, these adverbs usually sit between have/has and the past participle Ever is used mainly in questions to ask about past experiences Never is used in negative statements to mean “not at any time” and also appears between have/has and the past participle Already indicates that something has happened sooner than expected and tends to come between have/has and the past participle Just signals a recently completed action and can appear between have/has and the past participle, or at the beginning or end of the sentence for emphasis You can place these adverbs at the start or end of the sentence to add emphasis, depending on what you want to highlight.

English present perfect is formed with have/has plus the past participle and is used to connect past actions with the present Use recently or lately to describe actions in the near past, and place the time adverb either after the auxiliary (I have recently started) or at the beginning of the sentence (Recently I have started) Fronted time phrases can trigger inversion: Not until recently have I started using this technique In negative sentences, yet suggests that something hasn’t happened yet: I haven't finished yet For questions, invert the auxiliary before the subject: Have you finished yet? Still is used to emphasize ongoing status: I still haven't finished You can also place time expressions at the end: I have finished recently.

Các cụm khác: up to now / present, over the past

/ the last… tính đến hiện tại Đứng đầu câu, hoặc cuối câu

 Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trong quá khứ.

 Sự thật, thói quen trong quá khứ.

 To be (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + O (?) Was/ were + S + O?

 esterday, Last week / month/year

 In + thời gian trong quá khứ

 Used to + V: đã từng làm gì

Hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Hai hành động song song cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Một hành động đang xảy ra thì bị hành động khác chen ngang.

(+) S + was/ were + Ving (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + Ving (?) Was/ were + S + Ving?

While + S1 + was/were + Ving, S2 + was/were + Ving

• When + S1 + Ved/P1, S2 + was/were + Ving.

• While + S1 + was/were + Ving, S2 + Ved/P1.

 at + thời gian trong quá khứ

Ex) 1 My family didn’t go to Phu Quoc Island last month We stayed at home.

2 The children were at the zoo yesterday.

3 My uncle used to smoke a lot two years ago.

 Không kết hợp was / were với V-ed / P1 hoặc didn’t với be

 Sau did (not) thì động từ nguyên thể không có đuôi -ed hoặc dạng P1.

Ex) 1 The children were watching TV at 8 p.m last night

2 While my mother was preparing dinner, my father was watering the flowers.

3 When we came, Jane was having dinner

Ex) 1 You look so hungry I’ll get some noodles for you.

2 I think it won’t rain tomorrow.

3 I hope they will accept my offer.

 Quyết định nảy sinh lúc nói, không có kế hoạch, dự định.

 Dự đoán không có cơ sở.

 Suy nghĩ, lời hứa, hi vọng

Shall dùng cho S là I, We

Ex) 1 Bella has bought a new dress She’s going to have a party tonight.

2 Look at these dark clouds! It is going to rain soon.

 Sau will, động từ ở dạng nguyên thể không chia theo chủ ngữ.

 The differences between Near Future and Future Simple: (Sự khác nhau giữa tương lai gần và tương lai đơn giản)

Near future (Tương lai gần) Future simple (Tương lai đơn)

1 Ý định đã được dự trù, sắp xếp trước khi nói:

Ex) I am going to visit New York this summer

2 Sự suy đoán chắc chắn dựa vào căn cứ hiện tại:

Ex) There are a lot of clouds I think it is going to rain

1 Ý định ngay khi nói hoặc hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai không phụ thuộc vào ý định:

Ex) He will come here tomorrow

2 Ý kiến, lời hứa, hy vọng, phát biểu về một hành động trong tương lai: (think, promise, hope, expect.)

Ex) Wait here and I will get you a drink

Ex) I think you will pass the exam

 Dự định cho tương lai đã được sắp xếp, lên kế hoạch từ trước.

 Dự đoán có cơ sở

(+) S + be + going to + V be: am/ is/ are

(-) S + be not + going to + V (?) Be + S + going to + V?

Quy tắc biến đổi đuôi động từ

Add s/es to the verbs

Quy tắc chia động từ và tạo dạng số nhiều trong tiếng Anh dựa vào chữ cái kết thúc: từ kết thúc bằng e hoặc ee thì thêm s; động từ kết thúc bằng nguyên âm trước ký tự y (u, e, o, a, i) thì thêm s; động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm trước y thì đổi y thành ies; và các động từ kết thúc bằng o, x, z, s, ss, sh, ch thì thêm es để tạo dạng số nhiều hoặc ngôi thứ ba số ít đúng.

Còn lại  thêm s Đặc biệt: have  has

Ex) make  makes play  plays study  studies watch  watches drink  drinks

Add -ing to the verbs

Để hình thành dạng -ing trong tiếng Anh, có vài quy tắc cơ bản: động từ kết thúc bằng chữ e bỏ e và thêm -ing; động từ kết thúc bằng ee thì thêm -ings; động từ kết thúc bằng ie đổi ie thành y và thêm -ing; với động từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) và một phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y, z) sẽ nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm -ing; với động từ hai âm tiết trở lên, ta chỉ nhân đôi phụ âm cuối khi trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối cùng; còn nếu trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất ở hai âm tiết trở lên thì chỉ thêm -ing mà không nhân đôi phụ âm.

Còn lại  thêm -ing Ex) • make  making • see  seeing

• perˈmit  permitting preˈfer  preferring

Add - ed to the verbs

Để viết quá khứ của động từ tiếng Anh, áp dụng các quy tắc sau: động từ kết thúc bằng đuôi e hoặc ee thì thêm d; động từ kết thúc bằng nguyên âm + y thì thêm ed; động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm + y đổi y thành ied; động từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng phụ âm + nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y, z) thì nhân đôi phụ âm cuối và thêm ed; động từ có nhiều hơn 1 âm tiết, âm tiết cuối cùng kết thúc bằng phụ âm + nguyên âm + phụ âm và là âm tiết nhận trọng âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối và thêm ed.

Ngoài ra, 1 số động từ bất quy tắc không thêm đuôi ed mà biến đổi thành P1.

1 Students go to school from Monday to Friday.

2 My mother is washing her hair in the bathroom.

3 They have been to Korea twice.

4 They will visit Hoi An Ancient Town tomorrow.

5 Does he like learning about science?

6 There are many dark clouds It’s going to rain.

7 We were tired after the trip yesterday.

8 He has never eaten this kind of food before

9 At this time yesterday, I was studying.

10 The students didn’t do their homework this morning.

Exercise 2: Complete the table (Hoàn thành bảng.)

V-s/es V-ing V-ed / P1 V-ed / P2 V-ed / P2

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using Present

Simple tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Hiện tại đơn.)

1 Where you / spend your holiday every summer?

2 She not go jogging in the morning.

3 Peter and his friends sometimes play football after school.

4 Paul not ride his bike to school.

5 My uncle be a good cook.

6 My mother bake cookies twice a week.

7 We like swimming every morning before going to class.

8 they / arrive home before 5 p.m on Fridays?

9 They usually have dinner at 7 p.m every evening.

10 Mary like eating fish, but she not like eating pork.

Continuous tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Hiện tại tiếp diễn.)

1 John / help his mom clean the house at the moment?

2 They not work They play some games now.

– I go to the supermarket to buy some stuff.

4 My sister not listen to the music now.

– He be in the living room He watch a football match.

6 Every day I go to work at 7 a.m., but today I go to work at 6.30.

7 John always / shout at other people It’s so rude.

9 I go to a live show tonight.

10 Jane / dance in her room? I can hear the music.

Exercise 5: Complete the sentences using Past Simple tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Quá khứ đơn.)

1 she / tell you about the news?

2 Where you / pay a visit last summer?

3 he / help you decorate your room yesterday?

4 you / pass your exam last Monday?

5 We go to the museum yesterday.

6 My aunt be sick 2 days ago.

7 They write a test last Friday.

8 Tim get up late this morning because he stay up late to watch a movie yesterday.

9 Mona receive a present from her pen pal yesterday.

10 Tracy forget to give back my book yesterday afternoon.

Exercise 6: Complete the sentences using Past Continuous tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Quá tiếp diễn.)

1 What she / do when you came in?

2 At 11 a.m yesterday, I have lunch at school.

3 While I do the laundry, my sister cook in the kitchen.

4 We do our homework when the lights went out.

5 Steve run after the bus when he fell over

6 While Jason play computer games, his mother clean the floor.

7 While I jog in the park, I saw my friends.

8 They swim in the sea while their parents sunbathe

9 We play football when it started to rain.

10 Susan not study at this time yesterday She draw a picture.

Perfect tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Hiện tại hoàn thành.)

1 Kristina is the most humorous person I [ever | met]

3 We [just | paint] the door Don’t touch it!

4 They [never | see] a movie since March.

5 Jessica [buy] a new dress lately.

6 She [not receive] any email yet.

7 [my boss | go] to Boston on a business trip She won’t come back until next Friday.

8 She [already | translate] the text into Vietnamese.

9 I [lose] my keys I can’t open the door now.

10 [Mark | take] his brother to school yet?

Exercise 8: Complete the sentences using Future Simple tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Tương lai đơn.)

1 I think we (finish) this assignment soon.

2 I (fly) to London in two days.

3 She (probably / help) me plant some flowers tomorrow.

4 Bruno (buy) a bunch of flowers for his sister’s birthday.

5 (Kate / arrive) at the airport this afternoon?

6 My parents (travel) to Phu Quoc in two weeks.

7 (there / be) a lot of flying cars in the next ten years?

8 I don’t think she (live) in that house.

9 We ran out of sugar – OK, I (buy) some for you.

10 I promise I (not forget) to do the housework again.

Exercise 9: Complete the sentences using the Near

Future tense of the verbs (Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Tương lai gần.)

1 Look at that boy in the tree He (fall down)

2 I’ve bought some apples I (make) an apple pie.

3 My children are so excited about the trip They (visit) the Golden Bridge in Da Nang next week.

4 Tom is making so much noise He (wake) the baby up.

5 I have bought two movie tickets I (see) this movie with my cousin.

6 What do you need to hire a car for? – I (visit) my grandparents this weekend I’ve planned for this

7 You are studying very hard these days You (not fail) the test

8 We (not buy) some new furniture for our new house this Saturday.

9 Those clouds are dark (it / rain) this evening?

10 I (make) a cheese pizza Is there any cheese in the fridge?

Exercise 10: Rewrite the sentences and provide the correct tense of the verbs (Viết lại câu và chia động từ ở thời tương ứng.)

1 They (have) _ breakfast. a (Present simple) b (Present continuous) c (Present perfect) d (Past simple) e (Past continuous) f (Future simple) g (Near future)

2 She (not prepare) _ for the upcoming test. a (Present simple) b (Present continuous) c (Present perfect) d (Past simple) e (Past continuous) f (Future simple) g (Near future)

3 _ (he / take) a shower? a (Present simple) b (Present continuous) c (Present perfect) d (Past simple) e (Past continuous) f (Future simple) g (Near future)

4 When (you / play) badminton? a (Present simple) b (Present continuous) c (Present perfect) d (Past simple) e (Past continuous) f (Future simple) g (Near future)

Yesterday morning, he woke up early and reviewed his notes He is studying at the moment for his upcoming test Tomorrow, he plans to submit the final assignment In 2019, the school introduced a new curriculum that reshaped his study habits He has already completed several practice exercises, including this one about time expressions When he was 6, he learned to ride a bicycle, a memory that still reminds him how far he has come.

I hope in the future now twice a week rarely for two days soon right now It’s 9 o’clock last Tuesday when we left school since 2000

I’ve decided up to present every afternoon in 2030 for a long time on Mondays every year an hour ago yet twice a week at present lately

I have planned in five hours

Present Simple Present continuous Present Perfect

Past Simple Simple Future Near Future

Exercise 12: Underline the correct answer to complete the sentences using Present Simple or Present Continuous tense of the verbs

(Gạch chân đáp án đúng để thành câu sử dụng động từ chia ở thời Hiện tại đơn hoặc Hiện tại tiếp diễn.)

1 I have / am having a guitar lesson on Monday and Thursday.

2 Alex and Sarah play / are playing golf every Saturday.

3 My aunt doesn’t cook / isn’t cooking in the kitchen at the moment.

4 Frank’s dad works / is working in Quang Ninh this month.

5 I make / am making my bed every morning after getting up.

6 My brother washes / is washing his car at the moment.

7 Listen! Your daughter cries / is crying.

8 Leona is at the cinema She watches / is watching a must-see comedy.

9 My father is in the living room He reads / is reading a book.

10 My sister is in Germany She phones / is phoning us every weekend.

Exercise 13 focuses on tense practice by asking learners to underline the correct answer to complete each sentence with either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous tense The task requires selecting the appropriate verb form to show whether a past action happened as a completed event (Past Simple) or was in progress at a particular moment in the past (Past Continuous) A Vietnamese note included alongside explains to underline the correct answer when finishing sentences using the Past Simple or Past Continuous This activity strengthens understanding of past tenses, improves time references in storytelling, and supports clear, accurate English writing.

1 When I saw | was seeing Emma, she watered | was watering flowers.

2 While we climbed | were climbing the mountains, we saw | were seeing some bears.

3 I was waiting | waited for the bus when saw | was seeing I a car accident.

4 When I cut | was cutting myself, I was chopping | chopped carrots.

5 Her baby was waking | woke up while she was washing | washed the dishes.

6 At 2 p.m yesterday afternoon, my mother tidied / was tidying my room.

7 My brother fell / was falling asleep while he was reading / read a book in his room.

8 While Alice laid / was laying the table, she was breaking / broke a bowl.

9 I slept / was sleeping when I was hearing / heard a strange noise.

10 When my mother was coming / came in, my grandparent told / was telling me a fairy tale.

Exercise 14 asks learners to underline the correct answer to complete each sentence by using either the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense, reinforcing the distinction between actions finished at a definite time in the past and actions with relevance to the present To succeed, readers should read each sentence carefully, identify time cues such as yesterday, ever, already, since, for, just, and yet, and choose the tense that best fits the meaning The correct option should be underlined to show the chosen verb form, ensuring accurate tense usage in English communication.

1 I saw | have seen this movie twice.

2 Have you bought | Did you buy her a dress last week?

3 She didn’t clean / hasn’t cleaned her shoes yet.

4 When Jim was a child, he usually cycled | has cycled around the park near his house.

5 Have you flown | Did you fly to America two weeks ago?

6 He has already finished | already did his homework.

7 We haven’t met | didn’t meet our daughter for a month.

8 When did you start | have you started to learn English?

9 Binh didn’t play | hasn’t played basketball for 2 weeks because of his broken leg.

10 Is this the first time you ate | have eaten this food?

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