statements is expected to predict future growth and capital needs of the situation 。 Can be roughly divided into the most optimistic, most pessimistic and normal, etc.. Assumptions – Fin
Trang 1statements is expected to predict future growth and capital needs of the situation 。
Can be roughly divided into the most optimistic, most pessimistic and normal, etc.
Financial planning purposes
To prevent
emergency
situations
More choices
Clear of the target
A bridge between investment and financing
Financial planning and forecasting
Trang 2一、 Financial planning content
1. Assumptions
– Financial planning should be to make a prediction for the future, and based
on certain assumptions. Once these assumptions are defeated by
facts (such as assuming stable economic growth, but
then gradually decline), the administrator shall immediately make
appropriate amendments to reflect the real situation 。
2. Sales forecast
– Future financial projections are derived from sales forecasts, so if
the dependent variable is the estimated assets and estimated funding
needs, the sales is the independent variable, to predict future financial position, must first predict future sales, to increase the accuracy of the forecasts of future 。
Trang 33 Expectation to the preparation of financial statements
• Financial planning process needs to forecast future financial statements, usually are based on projections of sales, and through sales and balance sheet, income
statement relationship between individual subjects in the preparation of 。
4 Estimated increase in the amount of assets
• When sales increase, you must meet the fixed assets (such as machinery, plant) or working capital (such as accounts receivable) increases, it is
necessary to calculate the required amount of the increase in the number
of assets and
Trang 45 Forecast demand for additional funds
• Sales increased to improve the company's profits, retained earnings, however, whether earned assets sufficient to cover the funds
needed? If the answer is no, the company will
generate additional demand for funds, or issue new shares to foreign borrowing to supplement some lack of funds 。
6 Select the channel of financing
• The final step of financial planning, that is, choose to borrow,
issue new shares or otherwise as the most appropriate financing
pipeline, which will inevitably have to assess the level of cost of
capital, consider the equity dilution and dividend policy and other issues 。
Trang 5二、 Sales forecast
• But forecast possible future sale of the company situation, you must first calendar year based on sales forecasts as the starting point of the situation 。
• In order to accurately predict future trends, by several aspects :
– The company's products are divided into different product groups,
respectively, plotted according to their past sales trends, and observe
the trends and forecast future trends of various products 。
– Forecast market size for each product separately, and the company's
products share 。
– Predictive value of individual product sales plus the General Logistics
Department, the company can come to next year's sales forecast.
Trang 6三、 The estimation method additional funding requirements AFN)
• Assume :
– Balance sheet of most of the subjects are directly and closely with the sales relationship 。
– In the current sales level, all assets are most appropriate scale 。
1. Percentage of sales method
– The spontaneous increase in balance sheet income statement divided by the
sales of the subject, seek a percentage, then based on "sales forecast" is
multiplied by the percentage of various subjects, obtained a projected balance sheet. We can see by how much additional capital the company, after
deducting the remaining funds within the financial needs of the company is required additional funding requirements
Trang 72 Formula method
Among them , A* : spontaneous increase in the assets (all assets subject)
L* : Spontaneous increase in liabilities (accounts payable,
accrued expenses)
S : Sales
S1: Estimated sales
ΔS : Incremental sales = (S1-S)
M : Net profit margin
d : Dividend payout ratio
Note: does not increase with the sales increase in the proportion of subjects, such
as notes payable, retained earnings, long-term liabilities, such as the ordinary share capital (with the assumptions and conditions to be adjusted estimate)
Trang 8 20x6 sales of 3.99 billion yuan
Dividend rate of 50%
Net profit margin of 5%
Total liabilities must be <90% of total assets
Current ratio must be> 1
There is no spare capacity
Trang 9(Percentage of sales method, the same as those formula method)
1 Assumptions :
Sales can be expected 20x7 annual growth of 20% 。
2 Sales forecast :
20x7 = annual sales of 3.99 billion yuan x (1+20%)
= 4.788 billion yuan
Trang 10一、 Percentage of sales method
3 Expectation to the preparation of financial statements
Step1: Calculating the percentage of sales
Sales will determine the changes with changes in subjects, and
divided by sales, find the percentage of sales 。
Step2: With sales forecast changes the balance of subjects
The 20X7 annual sales forecast 4.788 billion yuan, a request by the steps of a percentage of sales of the subject can be obtained at the end of the relevant subjects in the forecast amount of 20X7 。
Step3: Treatment does not change the subject with the balance of sales
20X6 at the end of the course continue to use the amount, including notes payable, long-term debt and common stock 。
Trang 1120X7 annual net profit = sales × profit margin forecast
= $ 4.788 billion yuan × 5%
= $ 239,400,000
20X7 年 Retained earnings end
= 20X6 年 Retained earnings end + 20X7 年 Degree of net profit × ( 1 - Dividend payout ratio)
= $ 324,941,400 + $ 239,400,000 × (1 - 50%)
= $444,641,400
Trang 13 The expected and the balance sheet asset accounts sum, obtained
by total assets of $ 2,743,524,000 is expected.
• It is expected that the total liabilities and shareholders' equity is
only $ 2,569,816,200, so is the shortage of additional funding
requirements:
$ 173,707,800 = $ 2,743,524,000 - $2,569,816,200
Note: According to pecking order theory, first cope with retained
earnings, capital requirements
, The additional debt funding requirements should be less than re-issue new shares.
Trang 14Step6: Additional funding
The estimated debt space
Has been used long-term liabilities $ 94,054,800,current liabilities
of $ 1,283,625,000.
So if long-term debt used to finance, we have sufficient additional funding
requirements cope:
Long-term debt = $ 94,054,800 + $173,707,800 = $ 267,762,600
Total Liabilities = $ 267,762,600 + $1,283,625,000
= $ 1,551,387,000 <$2,469,171,600
Do not have to issue new ordinary shares (unless there are other considerations)
Trang 15Second, the formula method
Trang 16• More or less regardless of prediction method has its
own assumptions, but the real world is not the case, it is also a direct result of money demand forecasts restrictions 。
• With the assets of economies of scale
– With sales of assets is not necessarily the same changes in the proportion of change
• Need to purchase a large number of assets
– With sales of assets is not necessarily the same changes in the proportion of change.
Trang 17– Internal growth rate
• External financing in the company completely the
case, the estimated growth rate of the highest level
。
– Maintain the growth rate
• In the company to maintain a fixed debt / equity ratio under the premise and not to issue new shares to finance, its growth rate
is the highest value.
b ROA 1
b ROA 內部成長率
b ROE 1
b ROE 維持成長率