Modal verb potx

ASSIGNMENT ON WRITINGAbstract Sidney Greenbaum said that : “All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals.. This is due to the complex characteristics of the modal ver

ASSIGNMENT ON WRITING

Abstract

Sidney Greenbaum said that : “All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and

have are called modals Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary

verbs in a given sentence” And Rosenbaum claimed that : “functional diversity in

language as seen from a consideration of modal in English”

“Essays on the English Language”(R.Quirk, 1968, page 369-54) Modal

verbs are one part of speech which are not easy for students They often have to face a lot of problems when using modal verbs appropriately With the hope that broadening learner's knowledges about modal verbs as well as how to use them better,my research analyzes deeply about the kinds, positions and functions of modal verbs By researching and collecting useful informations from books and internet, I hope this study will help students use modal verbs well.

Key words: modal verbs, verbs, kinds, positions, functions

Outline

I Introduction

1 Rationale

2 Aim

3 Scope of assignment

II Procedures

III Findings

1 Over view of verb

2 Over view of modal verbs

IV Analysis and interpretation

V Conclusion

References

I Introduction

1 Rationale

“Introduction to Morden English”, (Adams, 1973, page 281-93) Adams said that : “Modal verbs are very familiar group from people learning

English” Ever since 6th grade students were acquainted with them through the

simple sentence as “Can I help you ?”, “I can swin” Since then, the knowledge of the modal verbs are “Silently” added in the curriculum Say

“Silently” because except grage 12, there is a grade level grammar title

specialize in this group that would be complementary solusion through isolated phrases only So when preparing to enter college no less exam to worry because they suddenly feel the modal verb is not easy at all

“The Grammar of Case”, (Anderson, 1971, page 1-34) Anderson

claimed and asked that : “Where is what causes this condition ?” This is due to

the complex characteristics of the modal verb We can say without any group from the complex as dividing the group Have you ever wondered why the

question “Could you open the door for me ?” We again use could (past of can)

while the current context ?

2 Aim

“Readings in English Transformational Grammar” (Jacobs and Rosenbaum, 1970, page 205-53) The main aims and purposes of this study

“Modal verb”

- Finding the cause of the complexity of this group

- Using as appropriate in your life

- Study the modal explanations and complete the associated exercises and take another step toward English fluency

3 Scope of assignment

“A modern English Grammar on Historical Principles” (Jespersen,

1949, page 364-59) Jespersen said that : “Modal verbs are special verbs

which behave very differently from normal verbs” Here are some important

diffirences That is special in English

“Studies in the connection of clauses in current English” (Karlsen,

1959, page 463-23) Karlsen claimed that : “In addition to features such as

auxiliary verbs”, Modal verb have more defects lack some unique

characteristics as follows :

- No “TO” in prototypes and when verb follows And modal verbs are

used together with the base form of another verb

You may leave if you wish

We must finish on this time

He can speak French and Japaness

- Modal verbs do not take “-s”, “-ing” , “-ed” in the third person

She can use my phone She should be here by 9:00

- You use “not” to make modal verbs negative, even in simple present and simple past

She should not be late They might not come to the party

- Many madal verb can not be used in the past tenses or the future tense

He will can go with us ( not correct) She musted study very hard ( not correct )

II Procedures

All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence

Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence

The modal verbs are: CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, SHALL, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, WILL, WOULD.

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbmodal.htm

III Findings

1 Over view of verb

http://www.learnenglish.de

http://www.vietgle.vn

http://www.englishtime.us

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com

http://www.usingenglish.com

…

2 Over view of modal verbs

A University Grammar of English, R.A.Close, Randolph Quirk and

Sidney Greenbaum

Introduction to modern English, Adams

The Grammar of case, Anderson

Prosodic system and Internation in English, Crystal

An Introduction to the Pronounciation of English, Gimson

….

IV Analysis and interpretation

“The Grammar of English predicate Complement Constructions” (Rosenbaum, 1976, page 686-072) The first, you must realize that the modal

verbs have three different uses But more trouble is not from any in this group have been used in three ways that the only two ways

1 Option I : This using is the easiest way, the verb will bring the common

sense

Characteristics : using verbs time

Examples would include word CAN mean “Can” only the capacity of the

object and if the sentence in the current or future use CAN, also past the mandatory use could

Example :

- Now I can swim cross this river in 5 minutes (now)

- When I was a child I could swim cross this river in 5 minutes ( past)

2 Option 2 : This using in proposal

Characteristics : Not using verbs time

How to use the word and share it does not depend entirely on the meaning and tense that depends on the content, and the formal object of the spoken word

Example :

 When ask for help, we can say :

- Can you … ?

- Will you … ?

- Could you ….?

- May you … ? ( not use )

- Might you … ? ( not use )

 When you want to help anyone say :

- Can I … ?

- Shall I ….?

 While permission to use question :

- May I … ?

 Obviously, When you use : Can I …? and Could I …? not due to past or present that due polite, formality of words alone Want to know when to use the phrases of the conversation

V Conclusion

The using modal verbs is an important roles in English Being able to use four skills well It is necessary for learners to approach the process of speaking in your communication

1 Probability

“On voice in the English Verb”(Svartvik, 1966, page 65-92) First, they

can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something

happened / is happening / will happen We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.

Example :

It’s snowing, so it must be very cold outside

I don’t know where Kane is He could have missed the train This bill can be right 200$ for two cups of coffee

2 Ability

“Grammar of contemporary English” (Quirk, 1972, page 72-15).

We use “can” and “could” to talk about a skill or ability

Example :

She can speak six language

Her grandfather could play golf very well

3 Obligation and Advice

“The Grammar of English Nominalization of English” (Lees, 1960,

page 207-36) We can use verbs such as “must” or “should” to say

when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice

Example :

Children must do their homework

We have to wear a uniform at work

You should stop smoking

4 Permission

“Foundations of language” (Halliday, 1967, page 179-21) We can

use verbs such as “can”, “could” and “may” to ask for and give permission We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed

Example :

Could I leave early today, please ?

You may not use the car tonight

Can we swim in the lake ?

5 Habits

“English complex Sentences” (Hudson, 1970, page 37-21) We can

use “will”, and “would” to talk about habits or thing we usually do , or did in the past

Example :

When I live in Japan, we would often eat in the restaurant next

to my flat

Kane will always be late !

Refirences

RANDOLPH QUIRK & SIDNEY GREENBAUM (1973) A

University Grammar of English, USA

ADAMS, V (1973) Introduction to Modern English, London

ANDERSON (1971) The Grammar of Case, Cambridge

HALLIDAY, M.A.K (1967) Functional Diversity in Language as seen

from a Consideration of Madality and Mood in English, Cambridge

HUDSON, R.A (1970) English complex Sentences, Amsterdam

JACOBS (1970) Readings in English Transformational Grammar,

Waltham

JESPERSEN (1949) A Modern English Grammar on Historical

Principles, London and Copenhagen

KARLSEN (1959) Studies in the connection of clauses in Current

English, Bergen

LEES, R.B (1960) The Grammar of English Nominalization, Indiana QUIRK, R (1972) A Grammar of contemporary English, London

ROSENBAUM, P.S (1976) The Grammar of English predicate

Complement Constructions, Cambridge

STARTVIK (1966) On voice in the English Verb, The Hague