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Trang 1 THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT)
Hiện tại đơn
Động từ tobe
(+) S + is/ am/ are + O
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + O
(?) Is/ am/ are + S + O?
Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never, …
every (day/ week/ night/ month…)
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
(+) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + O
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing + O
(?) Is/ am/ are + S + V-ing + O?
Dấu hiệu
Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, currently, at present, today, this week
Các câu cảm thán: hurry up! look!
Hiện tại hoàn thành
(+) S + has/ have + Ved/ V3 + O
(-) S + has/ have + not + Ved/ V3 + O
(?) Has/ have + S + Ved/ V3 + O?
Dấu hiệu
just/ ever/ never/ already
since + mốc thời gian
since + QKĐ, HTHT
for + khoảng thời gian
so far, not yet, up to now, lately, before (cuối câu)
twice, three times, many times
Công thức chuyển đổi QKĐ HTHT
1* 4 câu đồng nghĩa:
The last time + S + V2/ed + was + ktg + ago (in/when)
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed + since/for + time.
S + last + V2/ed + ktg + ago (in + năm / when + mđề)
It is/has been + time + since + S + (last) + V2/ed.
2* Đây là lần đầu tiên làm gì:
Đề: S + have/has + not/never + V3/ed + before.
→ This/It is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed.
3* S + started/began + to V/Ving + ktg + ago (in/when )
= S + have/has + V3/ed + for + ktg (since + mtg/mđề)
[* Chú ý coi chừng đề nó bắt đổi sang thể bị động HTHT]
4* When + did + S + start/begin + to V/V-ing ?
1 Tenses of the verb (Thì động từ)
Trang 2= How long + have/has + S + V3/ed ?
= How long ago + did + S + start/begin + to V/V-ing ?
= How long is it since + S + V2/ed ?
5 When + was the last time + S + V2/ed ?
= When + did + S + last + V1 ?
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
(+) S + was/ were + V-ing + O
(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing + O
(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing + O?
(diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra, hd xảy ra trước chia QKTD, hd xảy ra sau chia QKĐ)
Tương lai đơn
(+) S + will + V-inf + O
(-) S + will not + V-inf + O
(?) Will + S + V-inf + O?
Dấu hiệu
Diễn tả một hành động thường quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói
Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: tomorrow, next (week/ month …), soon, in the future Các cụm từ: I hope/ think/ expect/
Các từ: probably/ perhaps
Tương lai gần
(+) S + is/ am/ are + going to + V-inf
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + going to + V-inf
(?) Is/ am/ are + S + going to + V-inf?
Dấu hiệu
Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai
Diễn tả dự đoán có căn cứ, bằng chứng ở hiện tại
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 I Nottingham Trent University now.
A am attending B attend C was attending D attended
2 He has been selling motorcycles .
A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years
3 Columbus America more than 400 years ago.
A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D he has gone
Trang 34 He fell down when he towards the church.
5 We were studying English when it heavily.
6 The children pingpong at this time tomorrow.
7 By this Christmas, I for you for 6 months.
A shall have been working B shall work
8 I in the room now.
9 I to New York three times this year.
10 I will come and see you before I for America.
11 The little girl asked what to her friend.
12 John a book when I called.
13 He said he before.
14 Jack school when he was 17.
15 They have been waiting for you .
16 My sister for you since yesterday.
A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked
17 Sam the door recently.
A has painted B paint C will have painted D painting
18 The train half an hour ago.
19 We him since last Sunday.
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
20 We were playing the guitar while our father in his room.
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
1 This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay.
Trang 45 The last time he met me was 5 months ago.
15 I haven’t been to the zoo for over the year.
The last time _
16 She began to play tennis 2 years ago
Trang 5 THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT)
Câu bị động ở các thì
Chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Active : Subject + Verb + Object
Passive : Subject + Verb + by Object
(tobe + V-ed/ V3)
Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động
Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể bị động theocông thức (tobe + V-ed/ V3)
Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước
Bảng quy đổi các thì ở thể bị động
1 Simple Present S + be + V3/ed + by + O
2 Present Continuous S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed + by + O
3 Present Perfect S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by + O
4 Simple Past S + was/were + V3/ed + by + O
5 Past Continuous S + was/were + being + V3/ed + by + O
6 Simple Future S + will + be + V3/ed + by + O
7 Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed + by + O
8 Modal Verbs S + modal verb + be + V3/ed + by + O
Note
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
E.g: He was showed to the cinema by an old man
He was showed to the cinema by an old man yesterday
- Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định
E.g: Nobody likes him
He isn’t liked
- Các chủ từ Someone, Anyone, People, He, She, We, You, I, They …trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động
E.g: We grew rice last year
Rice was grown (by us) last year
Câu bị động với động từ chỉ sự nhờ vả, sai khiến
HAVE Chủ động: They had the mechanic repair their car.
2 The passive voice (Thể bị động)
Trang 6get + O (vật) + V3/ed They got the car repaired by the mechanic.
Ex 1: Thomas has his son buy a cup of coffee.
Thomas has a cup of coffee bought by his son
Ex 2: Shally got her husband to clean the kitchen for her
Shally got the kitchen cleaned by her husband
Ex 3: Suzy makes the hairdresser cut her hair.
The hairdresser is made to cut the hair by Suzy
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 This house in 1990 by my grandfather.
2 My sister is going this house.
3 There’s a man behind us I think we are _.
A being followed B be followed C followed D following
4 Over 1.000 new houses _ every year Last year, 1.200 new houses .
A were built / were built B are built / were built
C are building / were built D were built / were being built
5 The next exam in May.
A will hold B will be held C will be holding D will have held
6 English is _ all over the world.
7 Have you _ by a dog?
A ever bite B ever bitten C ever been bitten D ever been bite
8 The house _ since last week.
9 The homework _ by Nam every day.
10 These exercise must by my students.
A are finished B finish C be finished D finishing
11 The photos in a Washington studio _ last week.
12 The robbers _ by the police since
13 Dynamite _ by Alfred Bernhard Nobel in the1860s.
14 This exercise may _ with a blue-ink pen.
A be written B be to write C be writing D write
Trang 715 Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It _ everything in its path.
C was being destroyed D had been destroyed
16 When the little boy _ the car, he was badly injured.
17 Most forests in other climatic areas _ by human beings.
A had already been affected B have already been affecting
C have already affected D have already been affected
18 The new highway _ and built last year.
A planned B had planned C was planning D was planned
19 _ to you yet?
A Have the comic been given back B Have the comic been give back
C Have the comic been gave back D Have the comic being given back
20 As the patient could not walk, he _ home in a wheelchair since this morning.
A has carried B has been carried C was carried D was carrying
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
10 He could solve the math problem easily.
The math problem
11 My mother waters these flowers every morning.
Trang 822 They are constructing a new bridge over the river.
A new bridge over the river _
23 Someone has stolen my cassette player.
My cassette player
24 They built this school in 1930.
This school
25 When I came, they were preparing dinner.
When I came, dinner _
26 They offered him a suitable job
Causative active form
1 She told the police to catch the thief.
4 Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter.
Mary often asked _
5 I will ask the painter to paint my house soon.
I will ask
6 Mr Green has told the electrician to repair his electric fan.
Mr Green has told _
7 Alice is going to tell the manicurist to manicure her nails next Sunday.
Alice is going to tell
8 The actress will ask the photographer to take some photos.
Trang 9 The actress will ask _
9 Mr Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every month.
Mr Pikes asked
10 We must tell the painter to paint our room soon.
We must tell _
Causative passive form
1 The mother has had her daughter make a dress.
Trang 10consider xem xét, cân nhắc làm gì
look forward to mong đợi làm gì
there is no point in
= it’s no use/good
không đáng làm gì
get/be accustomed/used to quen làm gì
spend time dành thời gian làm gì
can’t help/stand/bear không thể chịu/nhịn được
Những động từ theo sau bởi “to -V”
Trang 11want + O muốn ai đó làm gì
Những động từ theo sau bởi “V 1 ”
Make; let; had better; would rather; used to; have to; ought to; can/ could/ may/ might/ will/ should
Lưu ý: Một số động từ đi với 2 trường hợp
stop + V-ing
stop + to-V
Dừng hẳnDừng làm việc khác
He stopped smoking three years ago.
He stopped to smoke a cigarette.
try + V-ing
try + to-V
Thử
Cố gắng
You should try taking these tablets
You should try to study harder
Hiện tại/ tương lai
Don't forget to wash the dishes.
Remember to send me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city.
S (người) + need + to -V = have to (Cần làm gì)
You need to practise English every day.
= You have to practise English every day
S (vật) + need + V-ing/ to be V3/ed Cần được …
Your shirt needs washing It smells
= Your shirt needs to be washed
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 I enjoy _ both tennis and badminton.
2 I am keen on _.
3 I love _ English.
4 I’m very glad _ you.
5 We stopped _ goodbye
6 I’ll invite her _ my children.
7 Let me _ from you soon.
Trang 128 I look forward _ from you.
9 Would you like _ to the party?
10 The director agreed _ the agreement.
11 I promised _ my parents.
12 Ralph tried to avoid _ my question about his test.
13 We have heard him _ the guitar many times.
14 You had better _ an umbrella It’s going to rain heavily.
15 We decided to stay at home instead of _ to the cinema.
16 It’s no use _ him the truth because he’s too neglectful.
17 You might _ to find out the solutions for this issue.
18 Mike is interested in _ stamps.
19 Do you consider _ our friends on Sunday?
20 I can’t stand _ her cry every night.
21 It was very dangerous We couldn’t risk _ her alone.
22 They stopped when the teacher came in.
23 We let our son _ up late at weekends.
24 The children were happy their parents.
25 He’d rather _ at home.
26 Nam is very humorous His joke makes me a lot.
27 They saw him _ the agreement.
28 It’s necessary for her back home before 10 p.m
29 I hate _ a child _.
A see / crying B see / cry C seeing / to cry D seeing / cry
30 The boss allows go home early.
31 I remember _ him in Ho Chi Minh City.
Trang 13A meet B to meet C meeting D to meeting
32 He avoids _ clothes at that shop.
33 The girls agreed the cake equally.
34 I didn’t regret a year travelling around the world.
35 David finished his homework and then he went to the party with George and Bill.
36 Please don’t forget the baby She needs to eat every two hours.
37 Mr Tim wants _ to his office.
38 What about for a walk?
39 He had better _ this book again.
40 She decided _ to Ho Chi Minh City.
You will fail the exam if you don’t study hard.
Lưu ý: (2 vế có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau, Nếu vế If đứng đầu giữa 2 vế có dấu phảy)
Loại 2 (Không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại)
Conditional
Sentence Type 2
If + S + V (quá khứ), S+ would(not) + V (nguyên)
If I had money, I would buy that car
Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, chỉ dùng “to be” là “WERE”
Example: If I had much money, I would buy a new bicycle.
If you practised English every day, you could speak it fluently.
If I were you, I wouldn't behave like that.
* Người ta thường đưa ra tình huống hiện tại, Chúng ta phải viết câu điều kiện thì câu điều kiện đó là
trái với hiện tại đó
câu ĐK loại 2
* Người ta thường đưa ra tình huống tương lai
câu ĐK loại 1
Note
+ Đề cho (-) viết lại (+) và ngược lại
+ Nếu có because lấy mệnh đề sau because là mệnh đề “if”
+ Nếu có so, that’s why thì viết bình thường
Example: I will g o there I will buy you a dog.
If I go there, I will buy you a dog.
I can’t go out because it is raining.
4 Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện)
Trang 14 If it weren’t raining, I could go out
Unless = If (not) (Nếu không/ trừ khi)
Câu dùng với “Unless” trái ngược về thể khẳng định, phủ định ở một trong hai vế so với câu dùng với “If”
Unless sẽ thế vào chỗ chữ If, bỏ not, vế kia giữ nguyên.
Example: If you don’t speak loudly, he won’t hear.
Unless you speak loudly, he won’t hear.
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 If the weather good tomorrow, we swimming.
A is/ go B is/ will go C will be/go D will be/ will go
2 If Tom were late again, he his job.
3 If I were offered the job, I think I it.
4 If he comes here, I it.
5 If she understands the lesson, she it well.
A will explain B explain C won’t explain D explains
6 If I were in her place, I a trip to Singapore to visit you.
7 If I you, I wouldn’t buy that ticket.
8 If I had enough money, I abroad to boost my career.
A will learn B should learn C would learn D should have learnt
9 If I didn’t want to go to the party, I go.
10 If you time, please write to me.
11 Will you be angry if I your pocket dictionary?
12 It’s impossible to pass the exam we study harder.
13 Kathy more if she more time.
A will read/ had B would read/ has C read/ had D would read/ had
14 If the wall weren’t so high, I it up to take the ball down.
15 If you the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest you.
16 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum.
17 If she didn’t wear shabby clothes, she more good-looking.
18 All plants won’t grow there is enough water.
Trang 1519 Many workers would be out of work if that factory down.
20 Grandparents would be disappointed if we to their 80th birthday party.
A hadn’t come B wouldn’t come C don’t come D didn’t come
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
1 You must study hard or you may fail the exam.
Trang 16Wish type 1 (wish + would): Câu ao ước loại 1
S + wish(es) + S + would (not) + V1
Diễn tả một điều ước có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại họăc tương lai
(Dấu hiệu: one day, in the future, some day)
Ex: I wish I would go to England one day
Wish type 2 (wish + past Simple): Câu ao ước loại 2
S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed (nếu là be thi chia were)
S + wish(es) + S + could + Vo
Nếu là câu phủ định
S + wish(es) + S + didn’t Vo/ were not.
Diễn tả một điều ước không có thật, không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai.
(Dấu hiệu: Các động từ ở hiện tại)
Trang 17
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 04: CÂU ƯỚC Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 I wish that the weather not so cold.
2 I don’t understand this point of grammar I wish I it better.
3 This movie is terrible I wish we to see another one.
4 My father is too busy today I wish .
A my father is free today B my father weren’t so busy today
C my father would be busy today D my father wasn’t so busy today
5 “I’m not staying here any longer.”- “I wish you ”
6 There is no snowing here I wish it snowing now.
7 I miss my friends I wish they here right now.
8 I speak English terriblely I wish I English as fluently as you.
9 My house is too small and old I wish I a bigger one.
10 Sophie wishes her father here now to help her.
11 I love California I wish I go there right now.
12 Iris is always moaning about others I wish she .
A know how I am upset B knew how I am upset
C will know how I am upset D knows how I am upset
13 Stella hates having red hair She wishes she blonde hair.
14 They wish they the exam.
15 Diego is driving too fast I wish he more slowly.
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
1 I don’t know anyone in this class
Trang 18 She wishes
5 The students never go abroad.
The students wish
6 They cannot eat seafood
Trang 1928 My motorcycle is very old.
Thay đổi về ngôi
- Đổi Ngôi thứ nhất (I,we, me , us , my , our , mine , ours) phù hợp với Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề
chính
- Đổi Ngôi thứ hai (you , your , your) phù hợp với Tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA (he, she , it , him, her , his, they, them, their) => không đổi
Thay đổi về THÌ (LÙI THÌ)
DIRECT ( Trực tiếp – câu gốc) INDIRECT (Gián tiếp – câu biến đổi)
1 Hiện tại đơn
V/ Vs/ Ves / am / is / are / don’t + V1 / doesn’t V1
=> Quá khứ đơn
V2 / Ved / was / were / didn’t + V
2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn
am / is / are + V-ing
=> Quá khứ tiếp diễn
was / were + V-ing
6 Reported speech (Câu tường thuật)
Trang 203 Hiện tại hoàn thành
have / has + V3/ed
Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên
yesterday => the day before/ the previous day
tomorrow => the next day/ the following day
Thay đổi về cấu trúc
a Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị, nhờ vả giúp đỡ
+ Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định có dạng: S + asked/ told/ said to + O: “Vo…….!”
S + asked/ told + O + (not) + to +V(inf)
Ex 1: “Don’t make noise here”, Lan said to Hoa Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there.
Ex 2: “Keep silent, please”, He said to her He told her to keep silent
+ Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định có dạng: S + asked/ told/ said to + O: “Don’t + Vo…!”
S + asked / told + O + not + to + Vo
Áp dụng công thức biến đổi sau: S + asked / told + O + not + to + Vo
Ex: “Don’t talk in the class”, The teacher said to the students
The teacher asked the student not to talk in class
b Câu trần thuật
S + said/ told O : “ S2 + V ”
→ S + said that/ told O that + S2 + Vlùi thì Note: said to → told
Ex 1: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friends that weekend
Ex 2: She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
She told me (that) she was going to Da Lat the next summer
c Câu hỏi
Yes – No question:
S + asked + (O) : “Do/ Does/ Did/ Will/ Can… + S2 + Vo?”
: “Am/ Is/ Are/ Was/ Were + S …?”
Đề cho
Trang 21Ex 1: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”
He asked Mary if Mary had ever been to Japan
Ex 2: “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked
I asked Tan if Tan went out the night before
W- H question
S + asked + (O) : “WH + Do/ does/ did… + S + Vo?”
: “WH + am/ is/ are/ was/ were + S….?”
Ex 1: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me
“How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me
Ex 2: “What time is it now, Peter”
She asked Peter What time it was then
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 John asked the teacher in Spanish.
A what does this word mean B what that word means
C what did this word mean D what that word meant
2 He said he at the Daewoo Hotel.
A is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay
3 She asked me I liked country music.
4 The students asked if I was going to give them the tests
5 Joe asked me how long I a teacher of Chemistry at that school.
6 He asked me with whom I French.
7 John asked me fond of any kind of sports.
8 She me whether I liked French fries.
9 “ off the television”, he said.
A Please turn B Please to turn C Turned please D Please, turning
11 He asked the children the electric sockets.
A not touching B not to touch C if they don’t touch D don’t touch
12 David asked me who the writer of that book.
13 He wants to know whether I back to Hoi An the next day.
14 They asked me how many students
Trang 22A I taught B I teach C I did teach D did I teach
15 Laura wanted to know shopping the previous afternoon.
A if we had been going B that if we had been going
16 Lucy asked me why I had not gone to Paris
18 Charlie that his father was in hospital.
19 He told me him up at six o'clock.
A please pick B to pick C should pick D I can pick
20 The woman asked catch a bus to school.
C whether the children could D could the children
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
10 “You had better not contact her,” Tom said to me
Tom said to me _
11 “I am happy to see you,” Aunt Xuan said.
Aunt Xuan said _
12 “This birthday cake is delicious,” Uncle Hung said.
Uncle Hung said _
13 “I love these roses,” Miss Nga said.
Miss Nga said
14 “I’m having a wonderful time before.” Cousin Mai said.
Cousin Mai said
15 “I must leave now,” Mr Thanh said.
Mr Thanh said _
Trang 2316 “My son spends too much time playing computer games”, Mr Nam said.
30 “I want my room to look nice on my birthday”, Hoa said.
Hoa said Reported questions _
Trang 249 Are you willing to work on Saturdays?
14 “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked
15 “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.
18 The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”
The teacher wanted to
19 “How do you know that?” she asked me.
She asked _
20 “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me.
My friend asked
Reported commands and requests
1 She said, “Go upstairs.”
She told me
2 “Close the door behind you,” he told me.
He told me _
3 “Stop staring at me,” she said.
She told him _
4 “Don't be angry with me,” he said.
He asked her _
5 “Leave me alone,” she said.
She told me
6 “Don't worry about us,” they said.
They told her
7 “Meet me at the cinema,” he said.
11 “Do you mind not shouting at the old man?” the girl asked me.
The girl asked me
Trang 2512 “Brush your teeth at least twice a day.” the dentist told Jim.
The dentist told Jim
13 “Could you give me a lift to the airport tomorrow?” Sane told her
brother- Sano asked brother _
14 “Don’t be rude to your parents.” Mr Hole said to Chris.
Mr Hole told Chris _
15 “Can you type this document for me now?" the manager asked his secretary.
The manager asked his secretary _
“And”
Được dùng để nối hai thành phần cùng loại của câu
E.g: He has a house and a dog
We buy vegetables, bread, fish and meat every day.
“But” Dùng để chỉ tương phản
E.g: She was poor, but she was honest
She tried hard, but failed
“However”
Dùng để giới thiệu một câu tương phản với những gì đã nói trước đó
However có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc tách ra giữa câu bằng hai dấu chấm phẩy E.g: Nam is very tired However, he has to finish her homework before
E.g: Do they live in the city or in the country?
Do you come from France or German?
“Therefore, so”
S + V, so S + V
S + V Therefore, S + V
S + V; therefore, S + V
E.g: She heard the bad news, so she cried.
He’s busy Therefore, he can’t help you.
“So/ because/
as/since”
S + V, so S + VBecause/ As/ Since + S + V, S + V
E.g: She cried because she heard the bad news.
She heard the bad news, so she cried.
“Although/
Though/ Even
though”
E.g: We continued working although we were tired
Although we were tired, we continued working.
Ngoài ra ta có thể dùng “Despite” hoặc “In spite of” + N để thay cho
“Although S + V”
E.g: Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.
In spite of /Despite the bad traffic, I arrived on time.
In spite of / Despite the fact that the traffic was bad, I arrived on time
7 Connectives (Từ nối)
Trang 26Although/ Even though/ Though + S + V, S + VDespite/ In spite of + N, S + V
Despite/ In spite of THE FACT THAT+ S + V, S + V
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 I use the internet only a few hours a day it’s time-consuming and costly.
2 I live in the countryside, I can not easily get access to the internet.
3 She was not satisfied with her English test she got 9 marks for it.
4 Our environment is becoming polluted now, we have to do something to protect it.
5 We should take showers instead of baths baths use twice as much as showers.
6 the weather is predicted not to be good today, they decide to go swimming.
7 People should save energy the shortage of the natural resources.
8 they had had lunch, they went boating in the river.
9 having a lot of homework to do, he usually helps his mom do the chores.
10 The city of Kobe in Japan was destroyed heavily a huge earthquake in 1995.
11 Tet is the most important holiday for Vietnamese people, everyone who lives apart
tries to return to their home at Tet
12 Nowadays, Vietnamese women like to wear Ao dai it is their traditional dress.
13 Of course I'm a Christian I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too
A since B then C and D but
14 He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
15.Smoking is harmful , many people still smoke
16. he doesn't have much free time, he always helps his friends when they have problems.
17 "Giao Thua" is the most sacred time of the year, the first houseguest to offer the first
greeting is very important
18 The washing machine was expensive , they couldn't afford to buy it
19 He got wet _ he forgot his umbrella
20 They went home early the show was bad
Trang 27A so B because C although D but
21 John is very busy , he is always willing to give a hand with the housework
22 We can use smartphones to do online exercises _ find information for our projects
23 _Mrs Lan was tired, she helped Tuan with his homework
24 _the traffic was bad, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time
35 Hoa failed her math test , she has to do the test again
26 _he was angry, he listened to me patiently
27 He didn't notice the sign it was right in front of him
28: My family went to Africa we wanted to know more about wild animals
29 He stops working _ heavy raining.
A in spite of B although C despite D because of
30 It’s raining, _ I’ll stay home and read.
31 David ate a lot of food he wasn't very hungry
32 John was sick yesterday, he was absent from school
33 _Tommy was very tired, he tried to finish the final exam
34 Michael felt tired , he went to work and tried to concentrate
35 the bad weather, the train to Yorkshire was delayed
A Although B Because of C Because D In spite of
36 Are wind power solar power new kinds of energy for future use in Soc Trang?
37 My father's really busy , he's willing to help my mother with the household chores.
38 It rains heavily, _I can not go to the movie with you
39 _Nam Du Island is a new destination, it attracts many tourists nowadays
40 They didn't go on a picnic _the weather was awful
Cách sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH:
8 Relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
Trang 28N người + who/that + V
N người + whom/that + S + V
N vật + which/that + V / S + V
N người/ vật + whose + Noun (trơ trọi)
N nơi chốn + where (= in/on/at/from which) + S + V
N thời gian + when (= in/on/at which) + S + V
Chú ý:
- N người & vật + that + V / S + V
- at/in/from/to + whom / which + S + V
- that không bao giờ đứng sau dấu phẩy & sau giới từ nên thấy câu có dấu phẩy hay có giới từ phía trước ô trống thì ta loại ngay đáp án có that đi
b MĐQH không giới hạn (có dấu phẩy)
- MĐQH không giới hạn xuất hiện khi
danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là các
loại danh từ sau:
- Không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân
ngữ (WHO, WHOM, WHICH) và các trạng
từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không giới hạn
- Trong MĐQH không giới hạn “WHICH” có
thể được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả câu
- Khi muốn thêm thông tin về toàn bộ hoặc 1
phần số vật hay người cụ thể, ta dùng mđqh
không giới hạn với “of which, of whom, of
whose, most of, half of, plenty of, some of,
one of, neither of, all of, several of, both of,
ten of, a few of ….”
Ex: Tom, whom you met last night, is my son Ex: That man, who has sent you a gift, lives next
Ex: I have two friends One of their problems is
poor study habit
I have two friends, one of whose problems is poor study habit
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Trang 291 I liked the friends I met on Tet holiday in my home town.
2 Gregg has passed the final exam, is great news.
3 The engineers designed the tower received the highest award.
4 He lives in a small town .
A where is called Bibury B which is called Bibury
5 My grandfather, a wise politican, has greatly influenced my life.
6 Mark has been looking after a dog leg had been broken in a recent accident.
7 Do you know the man we met at the party last week?
8 My mother, _ everyone admires, is a famous teacher.
9 This is the village in my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
10 We need a teacher _ native language is English.
11 The woman, was sitting in the meeting hall, didn’t seem friendly to us at all.
12 We’ll come in June _ the schools are on holiday.
13 The old building is in front of my house fell down.
14 I bought a T-shirt is very nice.
15 We saw many soldiers and tanks _ were moving to the front.
16 The man sitting next to me kept talking during the meeting, really annoyed me.
17 The house _ windows are blue was built in the 20th century
18 The paintings _ are marked with small red dot have already been sold.
19 The land and the people _I have met are nice.
20 I wrote to the girl _I met at the meeting.
21 This is the CD _ I bought last month.
Trang 30A who B which C when D whom
22 I hate the music is too loud.
23 This is Tony daughter lives next to James.
24 We really enjoyed the meat Sally made yesterday.
25 The restaurant _Bob recommended was too expensive.
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
1 I will introduce you the man He is sharing the flat with me
I
2 The young man is talking to our teacher He is Ba’s brother
The young man
3 We visited this monument It was built a hundred years ago
8 It is the Sai Gon River It flows through Ho Chi Minh City
It is the Sai Gon River,
9 The lecturer is my uncle He gave an interesting talk on TV last night
The lecturer
10 The tornado lifted up a baby and put it down safely 100 meters away The baby was asleep in a
carriage
The tornado _
11 The first boy has just moved He knows the truth
The first boy _
12 I don’t remember the man You said you met him at the canteen last week
I don’t remember the man _
13 She left here without saying goodbye This made me sad
She left here without _
14 The children often go swimming on Sundays That have much free time then.
The children _
15 They are looking for the man and his dog They have lost the way in the forest
They’re looking for _
16 That tree has lovely flowers It stands near the gate of my house.
Trang 31Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi.
Công thức chung: S + V +………., trợ động từ + S (ĐẠI TỪ)?
-Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuôi là phủ định và ngược lại
Bảng tóm tắt thành lập câu hỏi đuôi.
S +’d better/had better + V _, hadn’t + S?
S +’d rather/would rather/would like + V _, would + S?
There + is/are/was/were _, isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t + S?
Chủ từ là: No one/ Nobody/ Anyone/ Anybody/
Everyone/ Everybody/ Someone/ Somebody… + they ?
Chủ từ là: Nothing/ Anything/ Something/
Trong câu có các từ phủ định: no/none/without/
neither/hardly/seldom/rarely/little/never/few Câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định không có N’T
Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề thì ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: What she has just said is unreasonable, isn't it?
Câu đầu là I wish, dùng “may” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đề phụ:
9 Tag question (Câu hỏi đuôi)
Trang 32+ Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi Nếu mệnh đề chính có “not” thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh đềphụ.
Ex: I think she is a good teacher, isn’t she?
+ Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là “I” thì lại dùng mệnh đề chính đâu làm câu hỏiđuôi
Ex: She thinks he will come, doesn't she?
EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1 He is better cook than his father, ?
2 You don’t know him, ?
3 There are no easy ways to learn Japanese, ?
A are they B are there C aren’t they D aren’t there
4 Joyce seldom goes to the library on Saturday, ?
5 Let’s go jogging, ?
6 Min Jun owns a restaurant, ?
7 I think Justin will join us, ?
8 The film is really good, ?
9 You’ll be back before midnight, ?
10 You are going to her wedding party, ?
11 The ticket to Manchester doesn’t cost a lot, ?
12 Andrea can speak English fluently, ?
13 I’m a bit late, ?
14 You have missed 3 lessons recently, ?
15 You shouldn’t be so angry with mom, ?
16 Stop making noise right now, ?
17 The children had left school before you saw them, ?
A hadn’t they B hadn’t it C didn’t they D didn’t it
18 He has worked hard, ?
19 They didn’t invite him to the showroom, ?
Trang 3320 Maths is difficult, ?
21 Many friends of mine work in that foreign company, ?
22 She is living with her eldest son, ?
23 She loves ducks, ?
A doesn't she B isn't she C didn't she D hasn't she
24 Mai used to go to school on foot, ?
25 We should call Rita, _we?
26 He doesn't like cartoons, ?
27 Your sister works in a foreign company, she?
28 Mr Brown isn't at the meeting, ?
29 Your brother didn't have much time to read books, _?
30 Your father was always smoking, ?
31.Peter goes to the library twice a week, ?
32 Your teacher often writes poems and stories for Hoa Hoc Tro Newspaper, ?
33 The city will have to find a solution to reduce traffic jams, ?
34 Your brother passed the final exam, _?
35 He cycles to work every day, ?
36 Candidates are not allowed to use dictionaries in this examination, ?
37 Your sister has worked on a cruise ship as a chef, ?
A haven’t she B have she C hasn’t she D has she
38 It was an interesting lecture, ?
39 They haven’t finished their homework, ?
40 Nam seldom goes fishing, ?
Trang 34 THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT)
Clauses and phrases of concession: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
a Clauses of concession
- Although / Even though / Though + S + V
Despite the fact that
In spite of the fact that
b Phrases of concession
- In spite of / Despite + Noun Noun phrase Gerund phrase Ex: (Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think
due to the fact that
owng to the fact that
b Phrases of reason
- Because of + Noun Due to Noun phrase Owing to Gerund phrase Ex: She didn’t go to class yesterday because
she was seriously ill.
Ex: He didn’t go to class yesterday because of his serious illness.
Cách viết lại câu
2 chủ ngữ giống nhau mới được dùng V-ing.
2 chủ ngữ khác nhau thì chỉ dùng được Noun Phrase
Noun Phrase: a/an/the + ADJ + Noun (the heavy rain)
10 Phrases and clauses (Cụm từ và mệnh đề)
Trang 35 , but
→ Although + chép lại câu trước but, câu sau giữ nguyên.
, so/therefore/that’s why
→ Because + chép lại câu trước so…, câu sau giữ nguyên.
Clauses and phrases of purpose: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích) Clauses of purpose
S + V + in order that/so that + S + modal verb + (not) + V-bare E.g: I studied hard I wanted to get good marks.
I studied hard so that I could get goods marks.
Phrases of purpose
S + V + (not to/ so as (not) to/ in order (not) to + V-bare
S + V + so as (not)/ in order (not) + (for + O) + to + Infinitive E.g: I studied hard I wanted to get good marks.
I studied hard so as to / in order to/ to get good mark.
E.g: He gave me his address He wanted me to contact him
He gave me his address so as for me to contact him.
Clauses and phrases of result: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả) Clauses of result S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V
S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V E.g 1: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it.
E.g 2: It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it.
Phrases of result
S + V + too + ADJ /ADV+ (for O)+ to-infinitive
S + V + ADJ / ADV + enough + (for O) + to-infinitive
S + V + enough + N + to-infinitive E.g 1: The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
E.g 2: She isn’t old enough to drive a car.
E.g 3: She has enough money to buy a car.
Cách viết lại câu
a Công Thức Biến Đổi “too to ; enough to” :
Từ too to → enough to:
Ta đổi thành câu phủ định, rồi lấy Adj/Adv trái nghĩa
Đề: S + V + too + Adj/Adv + (for O) + to V.
→ S + not V + Adj/Adv ≠ + enough + (for O) + to V.
Từ enough to → too to:
Ta đổi thành câu khẳng định, chia lại ĐT cho đúng thì, rồi lấy Adj/Adv trái nghĩa.
Đề: S + n ot V + Adj/Adv + enough + (for O) + to V.
→ S + V + too + Adj/Adv ≠ + (for O) + to V.
Từ too to → so that:
Đ
ề : S + V + too + Adj/Adv + (for O) + to V.
→ S + V + so + Adj/Adv + that + S + can’t/couldn’t + V1 + O.
b Công thức “so that” ; “such that” :
S + V + so + Adj/Adv + that + SVO.
S + V + such + (a/an) + Adj + Noun + that + SVO.
= S + V + so + Adj + (a/an) + Noun + that + SVO.
Trang 36A such a lovely B so lovely C such lovely D so much lovely
2.Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
3.Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
4 A tree had fallen during the storm, _ the road was blocked and we couldn't go anywhere.
5 _ he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
6 he always did well on his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got an B
level
7 Our visit to Japan was delayed my wife's illness.
8 What did you do on Sunday? It was _ day that I went to the lake
A such nice B such a nice C so nice D very nice
9 Did you hear the phone ring last night? I didn't hear anything, I was _ that I didn't wake
up
A very tired B such tired C so tired D enough tired
10 Why didn’t they offer Mr John a better room in the hotel?
I don't know It is surprising how important _ person is treated
11 _ he is old, he wants to travel around the world.
12 What is your opinion of the Smiths? They are _ people
A such an interesting B so interesting
C so interesting D such interesting
13 He left home early _ he could arrive at the station on time.
A because of B in order to C although D so that
14 I haven't seen Tom _ he gave me this book.
15 He works hard help his family.
A so as that B in order to C in order that D A and B are correct
Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
Clauses and phrases of concession: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
1 They live happily in spite of their poverty.
Trang 3830 Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying.
Clauses and phrases of reason: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ lý do)
1 Mary didn’t go to school because she was ill.
Mary didn’t
2 He failed the examination because he was lazy.
He failed
3 All the students love the principal because he is very kind.
All the students
4 The president was unable to continue his work because he was ill.
The president was
5 He retired last month because he was ill.
Trang 39 Many people refused _
13 Because I am sick, I don't want to go out.
25 Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
Ann didn't go to the circus
26 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
30 Lan hadn’t made a speech before, so she was very nervous.
Because Lan hadn’t been used _
Clauses and phrases of purpose: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích)
1 We hurried to school so as not to be late
4 Some young people like to earn their own living in order to be independent of their parents
Some young people _
5 We should do morning exercise so as to improve our health
Trang 40 We
6 Everybody in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace
Everybody in the world _
7 She put on warm clothes so as not to catch cold
10 We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so that we can develop
our national money
We should take advantage of
11 Leave early so that you may get home before dark
