Chapter 1 vehicle electrical power supply systems

Introduction to Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems . This chapter includes a discussion of automotive electrical and electronic systems. The focus is to provide a basic overview of the automotive electrical systems that are discussed in greater detail in later chapters. This will provide the student with knowledge of the purposes of the automotive electrical systems. The intent is to get the student, excited about this segment of the automotive repair industry and to support their decision to study this field.

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Chapter 1 Vehicle electrical power supply

systems

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14:39 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2

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2 ACCUMULATOR

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Find out the function,

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2.1.1 Function:

A battery supplies power to the starter and

ignition system to start the engine

A battery also supplies the extra power necessary when the vehicle's electrical load exceeds the supply from the charging system

Automotive batteries acts as a voltage stabilizer in the electrical system.

2.1 Function, requirements and classification of the accumulator

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An automotive battery converts chemical energy into electrical

energy

An automotive battery evens out voltage spikes and prevents them from damaging other components

in the electrical system

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2.1.1 Function:

Figure 1: Accumulator

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In addition, the battery

also provides power for

other systems such as

parking lights, CD, Radio,

tablo meter, ECU, and

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Batteries used in cars are

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2.1.2 Technical requirements

Must generate a large current (several

hundred to several thousand Ampere but

the voltage drop inside the tank is not

significant.

The charge Ah in Amp-hours is the

battery current that can provide

continuously (100Ah: discharge 5A current

for 20 hours).

Reserve capacity is the capacity of the

reserve battery to use for the loads.

The main starting current of the battery

is the power to start the engine.

Lead-acid battery

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Batteries used to start cars today

are divided into 2 types:

Lead-acid battery

Lithium-Ion (Li-ion)

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So which battery is often used to start in cars?

2.1.3 Classification

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Batteries are made of five basic

components:

1 A resilient Plastic

container.

2 Positive and negative

internal plates made of lead

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2.2 How a Battery is Made

3 Plate separators made of

porous synthetic material

4 Electrolyte, a dilute solution of

sulfuric acid and water better

known as battery acid

5 Lead terminals, the

connection point between the

battery and whatever it powers.

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Cấu tạo

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process in the battery Usually two reversible chemical processes occur Chemical reaction equation:

PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O

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Pb ++++

2H 2 SO 4

Pb 2H 2 O

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Pb +Pb02 + 2H2S04 = 2PbS04 + 2H20

2H2O

PbSO4PbSO4

2.3.1 Discharge process

D Substance produced:

2.3 Battery working principle

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PbSO4PbSO4

Hình 14: Mô phỏng nguyên lý ắc quy

2.3.2 Charge process

A At the end of discharge

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2.3.2 Charge process

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2 What component acts as a voltage stabilizer

in the electrical system?

A Voltage regulator

B Current regulator

C Battery

D Alternator

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4 Each cell of an automotive battery will supply

how many volts?

A 2

B 4

C 10

D 12

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6 There is how many elements element per

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Battery Quiz

7 A battery must have to

conduct electricity.

• A Negative plates only

• B Positive plates only

• C Positive and Neutral plates

• D Positive and Negative plates

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8 Most automotive battery containers and their

covers are made of:

A Steel

B Wood

C Soft plastic

D Polypropylene

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3.1.1 Introduce:

3.1 Function, requirements and classification of the alternator

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the alternator in the

car? What types of

alternator are there

today and their

applications?

# 03

In 20 minutes

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To provide electrical power to the vehicle load.

The power source is generated from the alternator

Alternator for car power supply and battery charger

3.1.1 Introduce:

3.1 Function, requirements and classification of the alternator

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The generator is the main

source of electricity in the

car.

The generator's job is to

supply electricity to the load

and charge the battery

Ensure stable power supply

in all vehicle load modes

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• Stator : consists of windings connected together into armature, stator windings have three phases, are

connected in star and triangle pattern.

3.2 The structure of the alternator

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slots to place 3 stator windings (armature).

• Wires are insulated with varnish and lined with

insulating paper

Connected in star Connected in triangle pattern

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3.2 The structure of the alternator

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When a current passes through the excitation coil Wkt, the coil and the magnetic steel tube become an electromagnet block, the two ends of the steel pipe are two magnetic poles of different signs.

Under the action of magnetic forces, the poles become rotor gate poles.

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3.3 Working principle of alternator

3.3.1 Principle of creating alternating current

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B C

3.3.2 Principle of generating

3-phase alternating current

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Structure of the rectifier

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Working principle of rectifier

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Vibrating point voltage regulator IC voltage regulator

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Vibrating point voltage regulator

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Working principle of Vibrating point voltage regulator

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Working principle of Vibrating point voltage regulator

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Working principle of 6-pin Vibrating point voltage

regulator

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When the engine is running at low speed

Working principle of 6-pin Vibrating point voltage regulator

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When the engine is running at high speed

Working principle of 6-pin Vibrating point voltage regulator

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limited excitation current and low regulator strength.

• After a period of regular maintenance, a long time of extension springs or conditions of use

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IC voltage regulator

3.4 Working principle of voltage regulator

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• Ignition switch is ON but ICE is not running

3.5 The control circuit works on the vehicle

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• IC voltage regulator Operation

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• When the alternator is generating power (voltage is

higher than the regulator voltage)

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Unusual operation: When the rotor winding is short

circuited

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• Operation of the IC voltage regulator when the B

terminal is disconnected

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Nguyễn Văn Tình

Finish Lesson #1

Tiêu đề	Vehicle electrical power supply systems
Trường học	Automotive University
Chuyên ngành	Automotive Electrical Systems
Thể loại	Bài luận

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