CITIES OF THE FUTURE A.. Pronunciation Linking final consonants to initial vowelsLinking Linking final consonants to initial vowelsfinal Linking final consonants to initial vowelsconso
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CITIES OF THE FUTURE
A Pronunciation
Linking final consonants to initial vowelsLinking Linking final consonants to initial vowelsfinal Linking final consonants to initial vowelsconsonants Linking final consonants to initial vowelsto Linking final consonants to initial vowelsinitial Linking final consonants to initial vowelsvowels
Read the following sentences aloud, and mark (u) the consonant sounds that link with the vowel sounds.
1 All of us are spending lots of time in front of screens
2 It uses a range of technologies to provide services
3 Cities will include a lot of green space and become even greener.
4 What are the qualities of a smart city?
5 These are modes of transportation in a big city
6 Smart street infrastructure will provide information for better decision-making
7 In Toronto, you can book an appointment and see a doctor online from your own home
8 Smart cities are built on new technologies, and we consider their advantages.
B Vocabulary
• Linking final consonants to initial vowelsWords Linking final consonants to initial vowelsand Linking final consonants to initial vowelsphrases Linking final consonants to initial vowelsrelated Linking final consonants to initial vowelsto Linking final consonants to initial vowelscities Linking final consonants to initial vowelsand Linking final consonants to initial vowelssmart Linking final consonants to initial vowelsliving
I Complete the sentences with the words given.
skyscrapers city dwellers roof garden high-rise urban centres public transport traffic jam infrastructure smart city private vehicles
1 apartment buildings now stood where his childhood home had been
2 Most transport investment has gone on road construction and not on
3 Some people think that in order to deal with the problem of congestion in cities,
should be banned in city centres while others consider this to be an unrealistic solution
4 The war has badly damaged the country’s
5 A(n) uses information and communication technology to improve operational
efficiency, share information with the public and provide a better quality of government service andcitizen welfare
6 The restaurant is at the top of one of the big downtown
7 In 2021, nearly three in four Canadians lived in one of Canada’s large
8 The design of this is like an outdoor living room with cushy furniture, wall art,
Trang 2lighting and enough green cover to turn it into a cosy spot
9 have a higher death rate than that of country people
10 I was stuck in a(n) for an hour yesterday.
II Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct word / phrase below.
sustainable optimistic infrastructure quality of life city dwellers detects renewable urban overcrowded inhabitants
1 Most of the population we will see in 2050 will be in cities that don’t even exist
yet in Africa, Southeast Asia, China, Central and South America
2 In fact, India is projected to add 404 million to its population by 2050
3 London has recently started a new traffic light system that when a lot of cyclists
are approaching and stays green longer to aid traffic flow
4 The city of the future should have the and transportation which link the needs of
citizens of all generations
5 Songdo is unique, offering city something they have never had access to before.
6 The city officials are that the downtown will continue to be a green population
center
7 This rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as
roads
8 It comes as no surprise that Seattle is the gold standard of city living.
9 New York City is expected to increase its energy capacity by 50% by 2050.
10 Our communities will be cleaner and more sustainable, so our will be better III Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below.
Trang 3classes dustbins qualities developers display
appliances infrastructure tutors technologies underground
Songdo, which means “Island of pine trees” in Korean, is called “The City of the Future” by many
1 Up to now, Songdo has completed about 60 percent of its planned
2 and buildings, developers say, and reached a population of about 70,000 - a third
of the number expected by 2028, when the city may be finished
One morning, we found ourselves at Songdo’s waste-management center where we watched a videoabout the city’s garbage-removal system Narrated like a Hollywood film, it explained that all ofSongdo’s trash is sucked into 3 pipes, and is automatically sorted and recycled,buried, or burned for fuel These pipes connect all apartment buildings and offices; consequently,there are no street-comer 4 or garbage trucks
Next, at a nearby office building, we learned about Songdo’s so-called “telepresence” system, which iscurrently being tested by 100 of the city’s residents The system allows Songdo residents to sit in front
of custom television screens and chat with English 5 in Hawaii or take fitness
6 from instructors elsewhere in Korea
Finally, we visited Cisco’s Global Innovation Lab, where more technologies-in- development were on
7 including mobile phone-controlled home 8 and even micro-chiptracking of Songdo’s children so they don’t get lost These and other 9 were beingpitched to the Songdo government by Cisco, but had not been adopted yet, meaning that for the timebeing at least, the city’s children were free to sneak over to friend’s houses without fear ofsurveillance
Tourists often seek out history and natural beauty, but here is a history-less and especially unnaturalcity These 10 , in many ways, actually make Songdo appealing.
IV Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
Trang 41 The information will be collected through the (detect)
2 Cities need to make full use of land in order to achieve urban (sustain)
3 Some of the other problems predicted for the near future include limited and diminishing arable
land, deforestation, , and degradation of land and water (urban)
4 For South Korea, Songdo is more than a hi-tech business district, but a template for future
(develop)
5 Songdo is the prototype for the green the Korean government wants to build the
economy on in the future (invest)
6 The pace of is happening fast in the United States (innovate)
7 I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the of open space (available)
8 Cities at their best are social environments where and human go
hand in hand (create - develop)
Linking final consonants to initial vowelsPrepositions
V Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1 There is a roof garden top of the hotel
2 There are no simple solutions the problem of overpopulation
3 The boy has impressed his doctors his courage and determination
4 Unemployment urban areas is a big problem
5 Customers under 25 are important, making a quarter of the total
6 What are the qualities that are needed the job?
7 Industry has a huge impact the environment we live in
8 The forest is home a wealth of wildlife
9 Unworthy buildings should be demolished to make room modern construction.
10 Are there any tickets available Saturday?
11 We’re just weighing up the pros and cons moving to a bigger house
12 The government provides financial support low-income families.
C Grammar
• Linking final consonants to initial vowelsStative Linking final consonants to initial vowelsverbs Linking final consonants to initial vowelsin Linking final consonants to initial vowelsthe Linking final consonants to initial vowelscontinuous Linking final consonants to initial vowelsform Linking final consonants to initial vowels& Linking final consonants to initial vowelsLinking Linking final consonants to initial vowelsverbs
I Choose the correct verb form.
1 Jane wants / is wanting to be a nurse when she grows up
2 David is thinking / thinks about holding a party next weekend.
Trang 53 This soup is tasting / tastes delicious
4 The chef always tastes / is tasting the food before it is served
5 Why are you smelling / do you smell the flowers?
6 Phong is having / has a great time at the party.
7 Susan is having / has some great fancy dress costumes
8 My brother believes / is believing in UFOs
9 I think / am thinking they are tired
10 We go / are going to a concert tonight.
II Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.
1 a The sun (feel) hot
b He (feel) the jumper to see if it’s soft.
2 a He (have) three boxes of sweets
b He (have) a party tomorrow.
3 a This soup (taste) awful
b He (taste) the soup to see if it has enough salt
4 a She (think) the party sounds good
b She (think) of going away at the weekend.
5 a Nam (look) happy
b Nam (look) for his costume.
III Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.
1 a I must stay in because I (expect) a parcel
b I (expect) you are tired after your walk
2 a They may not accept my plan but at least they (consider) it
b Most people (consider) him to be the best guitarist in Viet Nam
3 a I (see) the price of petrol has gone up again
b When you (see) Nam again?
4 a This jug (hold) one litre exactly
b They (hold) a meeting to discuss the matter
5 a He (taste) the wine to see if it is all right
b This soup (taste) funny What is it made of?
6 a Don’t let me down: I (depend) on you
Trang 6b Love? It (depend) what you mean by ‘love’.
7 a There’s something wrong with my eyes: I (see) double!
b I (see) much better with glasses than without
8 a I (think) it is going to rain
b I (think) of going to Hoi An next spring
9 a He (appear) to be very ill
b She (appear) in cosplay at the festival
10 a “I’ve lost my handbag.” – “What _ it _ (look) like?”
b He (look) for a job because he needs a promotion.
IV Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.
1 She (go) to the doctor She (have) a headache
2 He (have) dinner now He (have) a very good appetite
3 They (live) in a rented house at the moment They (like) to live
in one
4 He (mow) his lawn whenever I (see) him
5 He (touch) the kettle It (feel) hot
6 They (smell) the coffee now It (smell) good
7 The sun (rise) now It (appear) over the horizon
8 ‘What he (do) there now?’ - ‘He (think) of his children He (love)
them very much.’
9 We (look) at the streets in the sun They (appear) very hot
10 I (believe) you (enjoy) your holiday now.
V Use either the simple present or the present continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 Peter (have) a car He (have) trouble with his car, so he has to
take the bus to work these days
2 This box (weigh) a lot It’s too heavy for me to lift
3 I’ve just handed the box to the postal worker Right now she (weigh) it to see how
much postage it (need)
4 I (do) this practice at the moment It (consist) of both
nonprogressive and progressive verbs
5 I (think) about the verbs in this practice right now I (think) all of
Trang 7my answers are correct, but I’ll compare my answers with my next partner’s when I finish to makesure
6 Ms Hoa is at the market Right now she (look) at the apples
7 Right now Mai is in the science lab She (not want) to spill any of the acid She
(always / be) careful when she does a chemistry experiment
• Linking final consonants to initial vowelsUse Linking final consonants to initial vowelsof Linking final consonants to initial vowelsEnglish
VI Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap.
The City That Never Sleeps
With a population of over 8 million spread over 790 km2, New York has 1 residentsper square kilometre than any other city in the US The five boroughs that make up the city,Manhattan, Queens, The Bronx, Brooklyn and Staten Island joined to become one city 2
1898 But New York 3 not always the name given to this part of the
US The first people to settle these lands were Dutch colonists In 1624, they set up a trading posthere and gave it the name New Amsterdam The name changed, however, in 1664 4 the English king took control of the lands and gave them to his brother the Duke of York as a gift Thisled 5 its name being changed in honour of the Duke The name New York has beenused ever 6 The Statue of Liberty, 7 is one of the many symbols ofthe city, arrived towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century But longbefore the Statue of Liberty arrived, the city 8 enjoyed a long history Today the city
is the biggest city in the US, but it also 9 to be the capital For five short yearsfrom 1785-1790, New Yorkers 10 inhabitants of the country’scentre of administration Nowadays, it is a popular tourist destination and every year thousands ofpeople from all over the world flock to the City that Never Sleeps to visit famous places like TimesSquare, Broadway theatres and Central Park Whatever they come here to see, they aren’tdisappointed One thing is for sure, New York will continue to be a major attraction for many years tocome
D Reading
I Match a subheading with its definition, writing the answer in each blank
2050 Vision: 8 Pioneer US Cities Prove the Future is Now
1 Urban biking _ A With over 6,000 acres of parks, 300 athletic fields,
Trang 8and 300 sunny days a year, Denver leads the way forthis.
2 Education _ B With compost, recycling, and landfill standard,
Seattle is serious about commitment to recycle 60%
of all waste The city’s government and residents all
eco-friendly practices strictly
3 The destination for
night owls
_ C You’ll find the center of local and organic food
deep in the heart of Texas: Austin This ensures that
the money residents spend in Austin stays in Austin,supporting the economy of local farmers
4 Sustainable city living _ D Over 50 colleges and universities spread the
landscape of Boston, and 44% of Boston residents
hold at least a Bachelor’s degree
5 Technological
accessibility
_ E With its dedicated urban forestry programme,
Portland has embraced its natura’ roots in attractive
ways with backyard chicken, ducks, or even goats
6 Active living _ F With over 200 miles of bike-friendly streets, it's
time to start the search for a cycling outfit in
Chicago The bike lanes are busy with 3,000 bicycles
around the city
7 Responsible eating _ G In an ultra-connected world, Minneapolis is
setting a new standard with free, city-wide Wi-Fi
8 Natural/Urban balance _ H New York is the city that never sleeps Limitless
nightlife never quits and public transit is open 24/7
II Match the qualities of cities of the future with their descriptions Write the quality in each blank.
A Energy independent homes
B Efficient water use
C Smart grids
D Solar surfaces
E Solar energy from space
F High-speed long-distance travel
G Innovative wind turbines
Trang 10The cities of the future will see a large number of intelligent homes that can interact with theirowners In fact, things that were earlier considered science fiction are already coming to life in smartcities such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates, where an automated underground transportnetwork fully fueled by solar power is already running circuits.
With smart technology, the possibility of having huge savings on electricity and power is within ourreach Sensors are being developed so that street lights of the future will switch on only when you areclose by The smart technology in self-driven cars will enable you to save on gas and other non-renewable energy sources In fact, smart cities will aim to neutralize the use of fossil fuels completely.The cities of the future will have to adapt quickly to rapid technological advancements in IT andengineering The gap between technological leaps is going to decrease over time Technology will helpbridge the current gap between the government and public in the cities of the future, given that ITand digitization will make these cities more open and social
Another thing that we can all agree on is that the cost of building in these smart cities is going to beconsiderable An estimate can be derived based on the latest smart city developments in India Withthe booming population, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is pushing to attract investments
to fuel rapid development projects in the country
1 Intelligent homes can have effect on their owners _
2 Some predictions made about smart cities have been put in practice. _
3 The transport network in Masdar has run on a renewable source of energy _
4 Street lights will switch on after sensors are developed _
6 Smart cities in the future will aim to make fossil fuels completely neutral _
7 New technological advancements make the cities in the future change so rapidly in order to
become more open and social
Trang 118 Building a smart city costs a lot of money, so a country like India has to call for investment to supply
IV Read the passage about green cities, and then answer the questions.
What makes a city green? Factors such as recycling, renewable energy, transportation options,building construction, air quality and emissions make green cities great Here are some cities that aredoing their part to lead us on the global path to a greener future
Working towards the goal of being the first carbon- neutral capital before 2025, Copenhagen hasmade a lot of necessary changes Lots of electric and manual bikes, organic food, clean water,sustainable buildings and hotels, lots of green space and fewer cars are just a few of the ways thathelp Copenhagen stand at the top of the green cities list
As the UK’s 8th biggest city, and with a steadily growing economy, Bristol is set on making its mark, notonly in the UK, but in Europe as well The next five years will see a huge focus on transportation andrenewable energy in the city, as well as a goal of doubling the number of cyclists in that time as well.Bristol is becoming a hub for jobs in low carbon sectors
Vancouver is pleasant for so many reasons - it’s mild and it leads the way for forward thinking andenvironmental awareness in North America Residents are very fond of walking and cycling, andgovernment laws have been designed with greenness in mind It’s often considered to be one of themost liveable cities in the world, and that isn’t enough, it’s working towards being powered entirely
by renewable energy by the year 2050
1 What makes a city green?
2 Why does Copenhagen stand at the top of the green cities list?