[...]... of life Without the protein machinery and DNA/RNA as information carriers, no cell would be able to complete its life cycle and to remain in a non-equilibrium thermodynamical state Looking beyond the chemical structure of proteins and DNA, it becomes clear that their intricate interactions with other macromolecules form the core of their functionality In DNA, this is evident in the formation of the... resolution (grey: RNA, blue: proteins) (reproduced with permission from reference).2 biomolecular nanomotor F1–adenosine triphosphate synthase (F1-ATPase) and integrating this biomolecule into an inorganic nanoscale system, they demonstrated the feasibility of building a nanomechanical device powered by a biomolecular motor Proteins have some obvious drawbacks They cannot be designed de novo, the stability... Instead of synthesizing and assembling polymers in solution, where there are very few methods of producing anything but spherical nanostructures, surface chemistry and topography can be used to induce nanoscale assembly and organization into (functional) nanostructures 2.2 PHASE SEPARATION OF POLYMER BLENDS IN LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES Elsewhere in this book, Prof Steiner describes the wealth of patterns... polymers used in our study (for structures see Figure 2.3, below) consisted of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene), F8, and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole), F8BT, which are known to make FIGURE 2.3 Top: Chemical structures of the semiconducting polymers F8 and F8BT Bottom: Fluorescence microscopy images using different filters, showing F8 emission on the hydrophobic dots (left) and green emission from... morphology extends over the entire patterned area and is not confined to localised regions of the film As discussed above, smaller patterns would not lead to smaller phase separated domains However, the nanoscale order in these films only becomes apparent when investigating the surface topography of the 2-D patterned film using tapping-mode AFM (Figure 2.4) The image indicates that the PFO-rich domains . printing ( µ CP). The PS/PVP phase morphology aligns with respect to a pattern of alternating polar and apolar lines (a), top-left), as opposed to the phase morphology on the unpatterned SAM layer. poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) interface is completely wetted by an intercalating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phase. This is contrasted by a partial wetting of the PS–PVP interface by PMMA in Fig relative PS: PMMA: PVP composition results in a variation of the lateral phase morphology. Polymer compositions: a:1:1:1; b:2:1:2; c:3:1:1. Adapted from [16]. 6 ULLRICH STEINER 1.1.3. Pattern Replication