vocabulary ielts

vocabulary ielts

Implement: (v) to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used – thực hiện giao kèo

(n) a tool or an instrument, often one that is quite simple and that is used outdoors

Venture: (n) a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks

Implication: (n) a possible effect or result of an action or a decision

Enable: (v) to make it possible for sb to do sth

To make it possible for sth to happen or exist by creating the necessary conditions

Front line: (n) vị trí quan trọng nhiều trách nhiệm

Reference to sb: (v) hỏi ý kiến

Preference: (n) a greater interest in or desire for sb/sth than sb/sth else

A thing that is liked better or best – ưu đãi, sở thích

Initially: (adv) at the beginning

Predominantly: (adv) mostly, mainly

Property: (n) a thing or things that are owned by sb; a possession or possessions

Conduct: to organize

Playing by – to allow heat or electricity to pass along

Exhibit: (v) bộc lộ

Perceive: (v) nhận thấy

Compose: (v) to combine together to form a whole

Prospective: (adj) expected to do sth or to become sth – khả quan, tương lai

Expected to happen soon

Wherever: (adv) in all cases that

Conclude: (v) to decide or believe sth as a result of what you have heard or seen – rút ra được, kết luận Benchmark: (v) làm chuẩn, kiểm tra so sánh

Prime: (adj) main, most important – best quality – most suitable

Criterion – criteria (plural): tiêu chuẩn

27/3 Enhance: (v) to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth

Proportion: (n) sự cân xứng, tỷ lệ

Reservation: (n) an arrangement for a room in a hotel, etc to be kept for you

A feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea, sự dè dặt, do dự

Incomplete: (adj) not having everything that it should have, not finished or complete

Essentially: (adv) when you think about the true, important or basic nature of sb/sth – về bản chất, về cơ bản

Collate: (v) to collect information together from different sources in order to examine and compare it Come up with sth: produce sth

Issue: (n) an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about

Recommendation: (n) an official suggestion about the best thing to do

Quantitative: (adj) connected with the amount or number of sth rather than with how good it is, số lượng Anecdotal: (adj) giai thoại, chuyện vặt

Indeed: (adv) thực vậy

Progressively: (adv) steadily and continuously, tăng lên dần

Anxiety: (n) the state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen

A worry or fear about sth

28/3/2013 Appetite: (n) physical desire for food

A strong desire for sth

Artery: (n) any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body

A large and important road, river, railway/railroad line, etc

Asset: (n) a person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb/sth

A thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold

to pay debts

Ex: I’ll be an asset to the team

Craving: (n) a trong desire for sth

Ex: a craving for chocolate

Depression: (n) the state of feeling very sad and without hope

Diagnosis: (n) the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem

Dietitian – dietician: (n) a person whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat to keep healthy

Factor: (n) nhân tố - thừa số - gấp … lần

Infection: (n) an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body – bệnh truyền nhiễm

Ingredient: (n) one of the things from which sth is made, especially one of the foods that are used together

to make a particular dish – thành phần

One of the things or qualities that are necessary to make sth successful

Ex: Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries

The essential ingredients for success

Insomnia: (n) the condition of being unable to sleep

Intake: (n) the amount of food, drink, etc that you take into your body

Junk food: (n) food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat but that is thought to be bad for your health Nutrition: (n) the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy – sự dinh dưỡng, sự nuôi dưỡng

Obese: (adj) very fat, in a way that is not healthy

Obesity: (n)

Onset: (n) the begginning of sth, especially sth unpleasant

Portion: (n) an amount of food that is large enough for one person

Stroke: (n) cú đánh – đột quỵ

Therapy: (n) the treatment of a physical problem or an illness

29/3/2013 Variety: (n) several different sorts of the same thing

The quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time – đa dạng

Brisk: (adj) quick, busy

Chronic: (adj) lasting for a time; difficult to cure or get rid of

Infectious: (adj) an infectious disease can be passed easily from person to another, especially through the air they breathe

Moderate: (adj) vừa phải, có mức độ

Persistent: (adj) determinded to do sth despite difficulties, especially when other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonable

Vital: (adj) connected with or necessary for staying alive – sống, cần cho sự sống

Full of energy and enthusiasm – đầy sức sống

Counteract: (v) to do sth to reduce or prevent the bad or harmful effects of sth

Curb: (v) to control or limit sth, especially sth bad

Diminish: (v) to become or to make sth become smaller, weaker, etc

To make sb/sth seem less important than they really are

Disrupt: (v) to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way

Eliminate: (v) to remove or get rid of sth/sb

Overdo: (v) to do sth too much

To use too much of sth

Overate: (v) to eat more than you need or more than is healthy

Recover: (v) to get well again after being ill/sick, hurt, etc

Skip: (v) to move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step

Stimulate: (v) to make sth develop or become more active; to encourage sth – kích thích, kích động, khuấy động

Trigger: (v) to make sth happen suddenly – nổ ra, gây ra bất thình lình

To cause a device to start functioning

Reminisent of: (adj) reminding you of sb/sth

Flee from (v) run away from

Wrestle (v) vật lộn

To coax (v) encourage wb to do sth

Spot (v): nhìn thấy

Audio-visual: (adj) using both sound and pictures

Ex: audio-visual aids for the classroom

Isolated: (adj) without much contact with other people or other countries

Single, happening once

Ideal for: (adj) perfect, most suitable

Encounter: (v,n) a meeting, especially one that is sudden, unexpected or violent – chạm trán, đọ sức Dialect: (n) tiếng địa phương

Metaphorical: (adj) nghĩa bóng

Literal: (adj) nghĩa đen

Fatal: (adj) causing or ending in death

Consult: (v) to go to sb for information or advice

To discuss sth with sb to get their permission for sth, or to help you make a decision

To look in or at sth to get information

Stark: (adj) khắc nghiệt

Criticize: (v) to say that you disapprove of sb/sth; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about sb/sth

To judge the good and bad qualities of sth

Linguistic: (adj) connected with language or the scientific study of language – ngôn ngữ học

Insular: (adj) only interested in your own country, ideas, etc and not in those from outside

Insularity: (n)

Assumption: (n) a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, althought there is no proof – giả định, giả sử

Awareness: (n) knowing sth; knowing that sth exists and is important; being interested in sth

Priority: (n) something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first –

ưu tiên

Correspondence: (n) the letters a person sends and receives

A connection between two things; - tương ứng, phù hợp giữa hai nhóm hoặc vật

Exempt: (adj) if sb/sth is exempt from sth, they are not affected by it, do not have to do it, pay it, etc Criticism: (n) the act of expressing disapproval of sb/sth and opinions about theirs faults or bad qualities,

a statement showing disapproval

Phê bình, chỉ trích

Scheme: (n) a plan or system for doing or organizing sth

Glossary: (n) a list of technical or special words, especially those in a particular text, explaining their meanings – từ điển chuyên ngành

Consistency: (n) the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions,

standards, etc; the quality of being consistent

Realization: (n) the process of becoming aware of sth – know sth

The process of achieving a particular aim, etc

Dawn: (v) begin

Become obvious or easy to understand

Negotiate: (v) to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion – thương lượng, đàm phán

To arrange or agree sth by formal discussion

Comprehension: (n) the ability to understand

An exercise that trains students to understand a language

Generic: (adj) chung

Warrant: (v) chứng nhận, đảm bảo

Distinguish: (v) to recognize the difference between two people or things

Hinterland: (n) the areas or a country that are away from the coast, from the banks of a large or from the main cities

Foreland: (n) an area of land which sticks out into the sea – phần đất nhô ra biển

Landward: (adj) bờ, đất liền

Breakwater: (n) a wall built out into the sea to protect the shore or harbour from the force of the waves Access: (n) a way of entering or reaching a place

The opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth

Chief: (adj) most important

Highest in rank

Disproportionate: (adj) too large or too small when compared with sth else

Respect: (n) kính trọng, tôn trọng - khía cạnh

Microcosm: (n) a thing, a place or a group that has all the features and qualities of sth much larger – đại diện thu nhỏ

Advent: (n) the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc – sự đến, sự tới

Vessel: (n) a large ship or boat

Formerly: (adv) in earlier times

Accessible: (adj) easy to understand

That can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc

Bypass: (n) a road that passes around a town or city rather than through the centre

To go around or avoid a place

To ignore a rule, an official system or sb in authority, especially in order to get sth done quickly Former: (adj) that used to exist in earlier times – trước, cũ, xưa, nguyên

Bypass: to improve the quality of sth, often by adding sth to it

To make sb/sth rich or richer

Backwater: (n) vùng nước yên tĩnh – nơi chán ngắt, tình trạng trì trệ

Acquire: (v) to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behaviour

To obtain sth by buying or being given it

Ex: she has acquired a good knowledge of English

Prominent: (adj) important or well known

Easily seen

Prominence: (n) the state of being important, well known or noticeable

Engage: (v) to succeed in attracting and keeping sb’s attention and interest

To employ sb to do a particular job

Engage in sth: to take part in sth, to make sb take part in sth

Metropolis: (n) a large important city

Waterfront: (n) a part of a town or an area that is next to water, for example in a harbour

Subsidiary: (adj) connected with sth but less important than it

Cease: (v) to stop happening or existing, to stop sth from happening or existing

Draw: (v) kéo theo

Refine: (v) to make a subtance pure by taking other substances out of it

Bulk: (n) trọng tải, hàng hóa

Break bulk: dỡ hàng

Poignant: (adj) causing a strong emotional feeling – gây xúc động, làm mủi lòng

Speed up/ speed sth up: make sth move or happen faster

Key: any of buttons that you press to operate a computer or typewriter

Depression: a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs Description: a piece of writing or speech that says what sb/sth is like; the act of writing or saying in words what sb/sth is like

Check sth in: to leave bags or cases with an official to be put on a plane or train

Zipper: it consists of two rows of metal or plastic teeth that you can pull together to close sth or pull apart

to open it

Retractable: that can be moved or pulled back into the main part of sth

Clear: to give official permission for a person, a ship, a plane or goods to leave or enter a place

Clear custom

Orchestra: a large group of people who play various musical instruments together, led by a conductor Enquiry: a request for information about sb/sth; a question about sb/sth

Follow: to come or go after or behind sb/sth

Concession: a reduction in a amount of money that has to be paid, a ticket that is sold at a reduced price to

a particular group of people

Grandstand: a large covered structure with rows of seats for people to watch sports events

Coordinate: to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well Credit: an arrangement that you make, with a shop/store for example, to pay later for sth you buy

Feature: (noun) sth important, interesting or typical of a place or thing

A special article or programme about sb/sth

(verb) khắc họa,

Chiếu phim – có ai đó đóng vai chính

Distributor: a person or company that supplies goods to shops/stores, etc

Fit in (with sb/sth): to live, work, etc in an easy and natural way with sb/sth

Foyer: a large open space inside the entrance of a theatre or hotel where people can meet or wait

Intermission: a short period of time between the parts of a play, film/movie, etc

Fame: the state of being known and talked about by many people

Council: the organization that provides services in a city or county, for example education, houses, libraries, etc

Admission: the amount of money that you pay to go into a building or to an event

Promotion: activities done in order to increase the sales of a product or service; a set of advertisements for

a particular product or service

Sense of humour: (n) the ability to find things funny or make people laugh

Ex: I can’t stand people with no sense of humour

Psychology /sai’kolәdji/: (n) the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

Cite: (v) to mention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying

Marble: (n) a small ball of coloured glass that children roll along the ground in a game

Pose: (v) to create a problem, etc that has to be dealt with

(for sb/sth) to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed Deductive: (adj) using knowledge about things that are generally true in order to think about and

understand particular situations or problem – suy diễn, diễn dịch

Apparatus: (n) the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task - dụng cụ

Dramatic: (adj) sudden, very great and often surprising, exciting and impressive

Inferential: (adj) tính suy luận

Integration: (n) the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together – giữa các nhóm, liên nhóm

Perplex: (v) if sth perplexes you, it makes you confused or worried because you do not understand it Crucial: (adj) extremely important, because it will affect other things

Experimenter: (n) people who do the research

Modification: the act or process of changing sth in order to improve it or make it more acceptable; a change that is made

Incapable: not able to do sth

Reasoning: (n) the process of thinking about things in a logical way; opinions and ideas that are based on logical thinking - quá trình lập luận

Reason: (n,v) suy luận

Eminent: (adj) famous and respected, especially in a particular profession

Follower: (n) a person who does things after sb else has done them first

Vocational: (adj) connected with the skills, knowledge, etc that you need to have in order to do a

particular job

Ex: vocational school: trường dạy nghề, vocational training: sự đào tạo ngành nghề

Ordinary: (adj) not unusual or different in any way

Association: (n) an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose

A connection or relationship between people or organizations

Assist: (v) to help sb to do sth

Recreational: (adj) connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working Flexible: (adj) able to change to suit new conditions or situations

Elite: (adj) exellent

Insist: (v) to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth

Ex: I didn’t really want to go but he insisted

Delta: (n) an area of land, shaped like a triangle, where a river has split into several smaller rivers before entering the sea

Breakneck: (n) very fast and dangerous

Dumper truck: (n) a vehicle for carrying earth, stones, etc in a container which can be lifted up for the load to fall out

Sink: (v) to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft subtance

Reclaim: (v) to make land that is naturally too wet or too dry suitable to be built on, farmed, etc

The seabed: (n) the floor of the sea/ocean

Squeeze: (v) to get liquid out of sth by pressing or twisting it hard

Sponge: (n) xốp

Cause: (verb) to make sth happen, especially sth bad or unpleasant

Ooze: (v) if a thick liquid oozes from a place, or if sth oozes a thick liquid, the liquid flows from the place slowly

(n) very soft mud, especially at the bottom of a lake or river

Engineer: (v) to design and build sth

Inevitable: (adj) that you cannot avoid or prevent, sure to happen sth bad

Settlement: (N) sự lún xuống – định cư – agreement between 2 group

Cope: (v) to deal successfully with sth difficult

Terminal: (n) a building or set of building at an airport where air passangers arrive and leave

Outcrop: (n) a large mass of rock that stands above the surface of the ground

Consortium: (n) A group of people, countries, companies etc who are working together on a particular project

Aggressive: (adj) angry, and behaving in a threatening way, ready to attack

Acting with force and determination in order to succeed

Assemble: (v) to come together as a group

To fit together all the separate parts of sth, for example a piece of furniture

Dredger: (n) a boat or machine that is used to clear mud, etc from bottom of a river, or to make the river wider

Fleet: (n) a group of military ships commanded by the same person

Dump: (v) to get rid of sth you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable – throw away Suck: (V) hút

Dredge: (v) to remove mud from the bottom of a river, canal, etc using a boat or special machine, to make it deeper or to search for sth

Stiff: (adj) thick and almost solid, difficult to stir

Foundation (n) nền móng

Massive: (adj) very large, heavy and solid

Extremely large or serious

Bare: (adj) not covered by any clothes

Bolster: (v) to improve sth or make it stronger

Formidable: (adj) if people, things or situations are formidable, you feel fear and/or respect for them, because they are impressive or powerful, or because they seem very difficult

Bear, take, etc the brunt of sth: to receive the main force of sth unpleasant – chịu đựng sức nặng

Deflect: (v) to change direction or make sth change direction, especially after hitting sth – làm lệch, uốn xuống

To succeed in preventing sth from being directed towards you

Persistent: (adj) determind to do sth despite difficulties, especially when other people are against you and

think that you are being annoying or unreasonable

Contiuing for a long period of time without interruption, or repeated frequently, especially in a way that is annoying and cannot be stopped

Downpour: (n) a heavy fall of rain that often starts suddenly

Void: a lagre empty space

Adolescence: the time in a person’s life when he or she develops from a child into an adult

Ex:Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person’s body

Adulthood: the state of being an adult

Ex: A child reaching adulthood

Bond: something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences

Ex: the special bond between mother and child

Brotherhood: the relationship of brothers

Ex: the ties of brotherhood

Fatherhood: the state of being a father

Instinct: a feeling that makes you do sth or believe that sth is true, even though it is not based on facts or reason

Ex: Her instincts had been right

Interact: to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them

Interaction: the interaction between performers and their audience

Resemblance: the fact of being or looking similar to sb/sth

Ex: The resemblance between the two signatures was remarkable

Rivalry: a state in which two people, companies, etc are competing for the same thing

Ex: There is a certain amount of friendly rivalry between the teams

Sibling: a brother or a sister

Ex: sibling rivalry

Temperament: character

Tie: (noun) strong connection between people or organizations

Upbringing: the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up

Extended family: a family include parents, children, uncles, aunts, grandparents, etc

Immediate family: nearest in relationship or rank (parents, children, brothers and sisters)

Maternal: have feeling that are typical of a caring mother towards a child

Striking: interesting and unusual enough to attract attention

Close-knit: (adj) having strong relationships with each other and taking a close, friendly interest in each other’s activities and problems – gắn bó với nhau

Parental: connected with a parent or parents

Rewarding: worth doing, that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important

Accommodate: to provide sb with a room or place to sleep, live or sit

Break down: to stop working because of a fault

Have sth in common (with sb) (of people) to have the same interests, ideas, etc as sb else

Have sth in common (with sth) (of things, places, etc.) to have the same features, characteristics, etc Inherit: to receive money, property, etc from sb when they go pass

Interact: to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them

Nurture: to care for and protect sb/sth while they ate growing and developing

Relate to sth/sb: to be connected with sth/sb; to refer to sth/sb

To be able to understand and have sympathy with sb/sth Tutor: a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group

Struggle: to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems

Out of touch with the modern world

Form: to begin to exist and gradually develop into a particular shape, to make sth begin to exist in a particular shape

Build a relationship, develop a relationship, establish a relationship, form a relationship, have a

relationship

A close relationship, a long-standing relationship, a working relationship, a successful relationship

A relationship with someone, a relationship between two things or people

Patience: the ability to stay calm and accept a delay or sth annoying without complaining

The ability to spend a lot of time doing sth difficult that needs a lot of attention and effort

Stubborn: determined not to change your opion or attitude

Ex: He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong

Hand sth down (to sb): to give or leave sth to sb who is younger than you

Ex: Most of his clothes were handed down to him by his older brother

Enthusiastic: hăng hái, nhiệt tình

Hot- tempered (adj): tending to become very angry easily

Enroll: to arrange for yourself or for sb else to officially join a course, school, etc

Concept: (noun) an idea or a principle that is connected with sth abstract – quan niệm, khái niệm Consequence: (noun) a result of sth that has happened

Gesture: (a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning – hoặc còn có nghĩa là: điệu bộ cử chỉ

Imagination: (noun) the ability to create pictures in your mind, the part of your mind that does this Infancy: (noun) the time when a child is a baby or very young

Infant: a baby or very young child

Maturity: (noun) tính chín chắn, trưởng thành

Milestone: a very important stage or event in the development of sth

Peer: a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you

Phase: a stage in a process of change or development

Rate: (noun) a measurement of the speed at which sth happens – tốc độ, tỷ lệ

The measurement of the number of times sth happens or exists during a particular period Stage: (noun) a period or state that sth/sb passes through while developing or making progress

A separate part that a process, etc is divided into

Ex: The children are at different stages of development

Toddler: (noun) a child who has only recently learnt to walk

Transition: the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another

Abstract: (adj) lý thuyết, trừu tượng, không thực tế

Cognitive: (adj) connected with mental processes of understanding – liên quan đến nhận thức, dựa trên hiểu biết

Clumsy: (adj) vụng về, lóng ngóng

Fond: (adj) trìu mến, yêu mến, nuông chiều

Fully-grown: (adj) sinh trưởng đầy đủ, trưởng thành

Immature: (adj) non nớt, chưa chính chắn

Irresponsible: (adj) thiếu tinh thần trách nhiệm

Mature: (adj) trưởng thành, chín chắn, cẩn thận

Patient: (adj) kiên nhẫn, bền chí

Rebellious: (adj) nổi loạn, khó trị

Significant: (adj) có ý nghĩa, đáng kể

Tolerant: (adj) khoan dung, dễ tha thứ

Ex: her own mistakes make her very tolerant towards others

Gesture: (v) to move your hands, head, face, etc as a way of expressing what you mean or want Imitate: (v) to copy sb/sth

To copy the way a person speaks or behaves, in order to make sb laugh

Ex: she knew that the girls used to imitate her and laugh at her behind her back

Master: to learn or understand sth completely

To manange to control an emotion

Mature: (V) to become fully grown or developed

Reminisce: (v) to think, talk or write about a happy time in your past

Ex: We spent a happy evening about a happy time in your past

Tantrum: (v) a sudden short period of angry, unreasonable behaviour, especially in a child

To have/throw a tantrum

Visualize: (v) to form a picture of sb/sth in your mind

Bear in mind: to remember sb/sth; to remember or consider that

Have sth in mind: to be thinking of sb/sth, especially for a particular job, etc

Put your mind at ease/rest: to do or say sth to make sb stop worrying about sth

Slip your mind: you forget it or forget to do it

Keep an open mind: to be willing to listen to or accept new ideas or suggestions

Adolescent:

Typically: used to say that sth usually happens in the way that you are stating – đặc trưng, điển hình Ex: The factory typically produces 500 chairs a week

In a way that shows the usual qualities or features of a particular

Ex: Mothers typically worry about their children

In the way that you expect sb/sth to behave

Ex: He was typically modest about his achievement

Adolescent: a young person who is developing from a child into an adult

Attempt: (v) trying to do sth

Break-in: (n) an entry into a building using force, usually to steal sth

Whereabouts: (n) the place where sb/sth is

Ex: His whereabouts are/is still unknown

Policy: (n) chính sách, đường lối hoạt động

A written statement of a contract of insurance

Convert: (V) to change or make sth change from one form, purpose, system, etc to another

Add on: (v) to include or attach sth extra

Allocation: (n) an amount of money, space, etc that is given to sb for a particular purpose

Orientation: (n) sự định hướng – huấn luyện

Corridor (n): a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that open into rooms on either side Emboss: (v) to put a raised design or piece of writing on paper, leather, etc

Hand sb over to sb: to let sb listen or speak to another person, especially on the telephone or in a news broadcast

class reunion: (n) họp lớp

peer pressure: (n) áp lực đồng trang lứa

compulsory (required) subject: (n) môn học bắt buộc

optional (elective) subject: môn học tự học

co-ed school: (n) trường cả năm và nữ

juvenile problem: (n) vấn đề vị thành niên

extracurricular activities: hoạt động ngoại khóa

life-long education: (n) giáo dục cả đời

standardized test: bài test chuẩn hóa để đạt gì

attend: (v) to be present at an event

address: (v) to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it put pressure on sb

work under a lot of pressure from sb

shift work: làm việc theo ca

high(low)-paying job, well-paid job

job performance

self-employment, unemployment rate

ensure: (v) to make sure that sth happens or its definite

recession: (n) a difficult time for the economy of a country

corruption: (n) tham nhũng

the financial crisis: (n) khủng hoảng tài chính

the high inflation rate: (n) lạm phát cao

the economy: (n) nền kinh tế

economic: (adj) – the economic growth

economics: (n) ngành học kinh tế

economist: (n) người nghiên cứu kinh tế

economize: (v) tiết kiệm

economical: (adj) tính tiết kiệm

Aspect: (n) a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc; a way in which it may be considered

Attitude: (n) the way that you behave towards sb/sth that shows how you think

Creative (adj): involved the use of skill and the imagination to produce sth new or a work of art

Creativity (n):

Fulfil: (v) to do or achive what was hoped for or expected

Fulfilment: (n) sự hoàn thành

Insight (n): the ability to see and understand the truth about people or situations

An understanding of what sth is like

Ex: The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico

Optimist: (n) a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful

Optimize: (v) to make sth as good as it can be; to use sth in the best possible way

Ex: to optimize the use of resources

Outlook: (n) the attitude to life and the world of a particular person, group or culture

Pessimist: (n) a person who always expects bad things to happen

Realist: (n) a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it

is different

I’m a realist – I know you can’t change people overnight

Risk-taking: (n) the practice of doing things that involve risks in order to achieve sth

Self-expression: (n) the expression of your thoughts or feelings, especially through activities such as writing, painting, dancing, etc

Sense: (n) a feeling about sth important

Dissatisfied: (adj) not happy or satisfied with sb/sth

Materialistic: (adj) caring more about money and possessions than anything else – duy vật, thiên về vật chất

Recreational: (adj) connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working – thuộc về giải trí

Motivate: (v) to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way

To make sb want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort

Satisfy: (v) to make sb pleased by doing or giving them what they want

To provide what is wanted, needed or asked for

Living expenses: chi phí sinh hoạt

Lifetime: (n) the length of time that sb lives or that sth lasts

From all walks of life: đủ mọi thành phần trong xã hội

Once in a lifetime opportunity: cơ hội có một không hai

A lifelong ambition of mine

A rise in petrol prices leads to a rise in the cost of living

Clarify (v) to make sth clearer or easier to understand

Appreciate (v) to understand that sth is true

To recognize the good qualities of sb/sth

Gossip (n) informal talk or stories about other people’s private lives, that may be unkind or not true

Chuyện ngồi lê đôi mách, tầm phào

Argue (v) to give reasons why you think that sth is right/wrong, true/not true, etc, especially to persuade people that you are right

Eventually (adv) at the end of a period of time or a series of events

Evolution (v) the gradual development of plants, animals, etc over many year as they adapt to changes in their environment

Grooming (n) the things that you do to keep your clothes and hair clean and neat, or to keep an animal’s fur or hair clean

Reliant (adj) needing sb/sth in order to survive, be successful, etc – dựa vào, nhờ cậy – tín nhiệm

Oppose (v) to disagree strongly with sb’s plan, policy, etc and try to change it or prevent it from

succeeding

Precursor (n) tiền thân

Opiate (n) thuốc phiện, kích thích

Banter (n) giễu cợt, nói đùa

Cohesive (adj) forming a united whole

Utilize (v) to use sth, especially for a practical purpose

Prevalent (adj) that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place

Secure (adj) feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation

Likely to continue or be successful for a long time

(v) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort

Pattern (n) the regular way in which sth happens or is done

An excellent example to copy

Cease (v) to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing

Genuine (adj) real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial

Sincere and honest; that can be trusted

Congestion (n) the state of being crowded and full of traffic

Freight (n) goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries/trucks; the system of transporting goods in this way

Revert to sb/sth: to return to the original owner again

Deplete (v) to reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left

Depletion (n) sự thiếu hụt

Scenario (n) kịch bản, viễn tưởng

Feasible (adj) that is possible and likely to be achieved

Merit (n) phẩm chất xứng đáng được khen thưởng, công lao

Trial (n) sự thử thách, thử nghiệm – xét xử

Fraud (n) the crime of cheating sb in order to get money or goods illegally

Verify (v) to check that sth is true or accurate

Authorize (v) to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth

Enforce (v) to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule

Welfare (n) sức khỏe thịnh vượng

Tiền trợ cấp cho người thất nghiệp

Abuse (n) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful – lạm dụng, ngược đãi, lăng mạ, xỉ nhục, hành động bất lương

Roof (n) the structure that covers or forms the top of a building or vehicle

Critic (n) nhà phê bình, người trỉ trích

Stigmatize (v) to treat sb in a way that makes them feel that they are very bad or unimportant

Recipient (n) a person who receives sth

Skim (v) read sth quickly in order to find a particular point or the main points

Tear – tore – torn: (v) to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on sth sharp; to become damaged in this way

Flicker (v,n) a light that shines in an unsteady way

Leak (v) to allow liquid or gas to get in or out through a small hole or crack

Spare (adj) kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use; extra

Available to do what you want with rather than work

Slippery (adj) difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished

Irritate (v) to annoy sb, especially by sth you continuously do or by sth that continuously happens

To make your skin or a part your body sore or painful

Ethical (adj) connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong – đạo đức

Oppressive (adj) treating people in a cruel and unfair way and not giving them the same freedom, rights, etc as other people – đàn áp, áp bức

Regime (n) a method or system of government, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way

Chế độ

Virtually (adv) almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important

Anticipate (v) to expect sth – đoán trước, lường trước

Prompt (v) to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen – thúc đẩy, ngay lập tức

(adj) done without delay

Impede (v) to delay or stop the progress of sth

Hunt (v,n) an act for looking for sb/sth that is difficult to find

Versus (v) used to show that two teams or sides are against each other – vs

Empirical (adj) based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories

Interfere (v) to get involved in and try to influence a situation that does not concern you, in a way that annoys other people – can thiệp, xía vào

Assess (v) to make a judgement about the nature or quality of sb/sth – đánh giá

Offset (v) đền bù

Redundant (adj) not needed or useful – bị sa thải, dư thừa

Marvellous (adj) wonderful

Turn aside from: bỏ qua, dẹp sang bên

Recipe (n) công thức làm món ăn, cách làm, phương thức thực hiện

Defect (n) a fault in sth or in the way has been made which means that it is not perfect

Be delivered of a baby: to give birth to a baby

The baby was delivered by Caesarean

Womb (n) the organ in women and female animals in which babies develop before they are born

Foetus (n) a young human or animal before it is born, especially a human more than eight weeks after fertilization

Cystic fibrosis (n) a serious medical condition that some people are born with, it often leads to infections and can result in early death – xơ gan

Muscular dystrophy (n) a medical condition that some people are born with in which the muscles

gradually become weaker

Interrealtionship = interrelation (n) the way in which two or more things or people are connected and affect each other

Discriminate = oppress (v) đàn áp, bất công

Afflict (v) to affect sb/sth in an unpleasant or harmful way

Ailment (n) an illness that is not very serious

Objective (n) something that you are trying to achieve

Anatomy (n) the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies

Proof (n) information, documents, etc that show that sth is true

Caucasian (n) a member of any of the races of people who have pale skin

Underlying (adj) nằm dưới dạng

Sequence (n) chuỗi các sự kiện, con số…

Fundamental (adj): serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of sth – cơ bản, chủ yếu

Moral (adj) đạo đức

Counselling (n) professional advice about a problem

Session (n) a period of time that is spent doing a particular activity – phiên họp

Drop in: ghé thăm

Ridiculous (adj) very silly or unreasonable

Confine (v) to keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc

Overtake (v) to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are

Verbal abuse (n) cải vã, cải lộn

Rage (n) cơn thịnh nộ, giận dữ

Inhabitant (n) a person or an animals that lives in a particular place

Ex: a town of 11000 inhabitants – the oldest inhabitant of the village

Itinerary (n) a plan of journey, including the route and the places that you visit

Adventurous (adj) willing to take risks and try new ideas; enjoying being in new, exciting situations

Including new and interesting things, methods and ideas

Full of new, exciting or dangerous experiences

Breathtaking (adj) very exciting or impressive; very surprising – ngoạn mục

Coastal (adj) of or near a coast

Cosmopolitan: (adj) containing people of different types or from different countries, and influenced by their culture

Luxurious (adj) very comfortable, containing expensive and enjoyable things

Mountainous (adj) having many mountains – a mountainous region

Very large in size or amount; like a mountain

Mountainous waves

Picturesque (adj) pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned – a picturesque cottage

Quaint (adj) attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way – là lạ

Scenic (adj) having beautiful natural scenery

An area of scenic beauty

Stunning (adj) extremely attractive or impressive – tuyệt vời

Extremely surprising or shocking

Tough (adj) cứng cỏi, cứng rắn

Rough (adj) gồ ghề, thô

Unspoilt (adj) beautiful because it has not been changed or built on

Fluctuate (v) to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc especially from one extreme to another

Thay đổi thất thường

Spoil (v) to change sth good into sth bad, unpleasant, useless, etc

Theme (n) the subject or main idea in a talk, piece of writing or work of art

Fountain (n) đài phun nước

At times: some time

Overlook (v) ngắm được cảnh

Crisp (adj) pleasantly dry and cold

Treacherous (adj) dangerous – that cannot be trusted

Steep (adj) rising or falling quickly, not gradually

Winding (adj) sự uốn khúc quanh co

In advance of sth: before the time that is expected; before sth happens

More developed than sb/sth else

Malnutrition (n) a poor condition of health caused by a lack of food or a lack of the right type of food Immune (adj) that cannot catch or be affected by a particular disease or illness

Surgery (n) phẫu thuật

The time during which a doctor, dentist or vet is available to see patients

Propel (v) to move, drive or push sth forward or in a particular direction

To force sb to move in a particular direction or to get into a particular situation

Thúc đẩy, đưa đẩy

Represent (v) to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc – đại diện, tiêu biểu, điển hình

Literally (adv) theo nghĩa đen – thật vậy

Reaction (n) phản lực trong vật lý

Principle: (n) a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions – nguyên tắc đạo đức

A law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on – nguyên lý

Civilization (n) nền văn minh – khai hóa

Artefact (n) an object that is made by a person

Analogous: (adj) similar in some way to another thing or situation and therefore able to be compared with

it – tương tự

Analogy (n)

Chamber (n) a hall in a public building that is used for formal meetings

A room used for the particular purpose that is mentioned

Eject (v) to force sb to leave a place

To push sth out suddenly and with a lot of force

Cylindrical (adj) shaped like a cylinder (hình trụ)