1690 assignment 2 (pass)

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ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET

Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the

conseq that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice uences of plagiarism I understand

Signature & Date:

Table of Contents

Introduction 6

Task 1: Develop the IoT application 6

I Give out for your selection an appropriate set of tools, frameworks, devices for your solution 6

II Develop your solution, write down your sketch and upload it on your devices 14

III Testing results 17

Task 2: Test and evaluate the user feedback 20

I User feedback 20

II Critical review and compare 25

III Give out the plan for next version 25

Conclusion 25

References 26

Figure 13: Survey question

19 Figure 15: Survey question 20

Figure 16: Survey result

21 Figure 18: Survey result 21 Figure 19: Survey result 22 Figure 20: Survey result 22

to cultivation and care techniques, watering and increasing the photosynthetic time of plants is one of the most important stages of cultivation to ensure normal growth and development of plants Proper and sufficient irrigation according to the agronomic requirements of the crop will not tolerate pests and diseases, limit pesticides for safe products, achieve high productivity and efficiency

Automatic watering system combined with remote monitoring via phone is the best auxiliary equipment system to meet the growth needs of plants, being widely applied in developing countries The system has also become more popular with rural farmers along with the process of rural modernization and industrialization but has not yet dared to put it into use because of its high cost

Understanding the above urgent need and wanting to contribute their efforts to reduce the burden on farmers, the group decided to choose: “Build an automatic irrigation system based on soil moisture and monitor from remotely via phone” to do the group's topic

Task 1: Develop the IoT application

I Give out for your selection an appropriate set of tools, frameworks, devices for your solution

We planned to develop an automatic watering device based on soil moisture This is a smart sensor circuit device that is plugged directly into the ground Users can set when the soil is dry, the sensor will automatically activate the relay, and at this time the water pump will work to pump water for the plants, when there is enough water, the sensor will automatically be activated to stop the pump motion With

a soil moisture sensor that controls automatic watering, users will be extremely reassured that their vegetable garden and garden will always be taken care of and watered regularly without losing water due

to too high temperature The product works extremely stable and is the choice to replace the watering timer device

1 Hardware

On the basis of analyzing the system requirements, we will choose the appropriate hardware components such as:

a NodeMCU

NodeMCU V1.0 is developed based on ESP8266EX WiFi Chip inside Module

With a few touches, ESP-12E quickly establishes a WiFi connection Additionally, the board incorporates

IC CP2102, which makes it simple to control the board via Micro USB Additionally, there are buttons and LEDs at your disposal to make the process of learning and research easier (Dutta and Khurana, 2021) Flexible boards are easily connected to peripheral devices because to their small size, allowing projects and product samples to be created fast

Figure 1: NodeMCU

SPECIFICATIONS ESP8266 NodeMCU V1 WIFI Transceiver BOARD

• Chip: ESP8266EX Wifi SoC

• WiFi band: 2.4 GHz 802.11 b/g/n standard

• Firmware version: NodeMCU V1.0

• Operating voltage: 3.3V

• Input voltage: 5V )

• Number of I/O pins: 11 (all I/O pins have Interrupt/PWM/I2C/One-wire, except D0)

• Number of Analog Input pins: 1 (maximum input voltage 3.3V)

• Flash Memory: 4MB

• UART communication chip: CP2102

• Interface: Micro USB Cable

• Security support: WPA/WPA2

• Built-in TCP/IP protocol

• Programming on languages: C/C++, Micropython, NodeMCU – Lua

b Soil moisture sensor

One type of inexpensive electrical sensor used to measure soil moisture is a soil moisture sensor The volumetric content of water in the soil can be determined with this sensor The Sensing Probs and the Sensor Module are the two primary components of this sensor

Specifications:

• Operating voltage: 3.3V ~ 5V

• With power indicator (red) and digital switching output indicator (green)

• Has LM393 comparator chip, stable

• PCB board size: Approx 3 cm x 1.5 cm

Figure 2: Soil moisture sensor

• Soil Probe Size: Approx 6cm x 3cm

• Cable length: Approx 21cm

• Interface description (4 wires):

• Vcc: 3.3V-5V

• Gnd: GND

• Do: digital output interface (0 and 1)

• Ao: analog output interface

c Relay

Relay is electromechanical switches that are preeminent for high-voltage or low-voltage switching They can also be used to control high-voltage devices using microcontrollers like the Arduino

Specifications

• Input control signal 5VDC

• Output signal AC up to 10A 250VAC and for DC up to 10A 30VDC

• Dimensions 2.7cm x 3.4cm [1.063in x 1.338in]

• The DC pin of the board has 3 pins for signal (S), power and ground (+ and -)

• The AC pin has 3 contacts, NC (Normally Closed), COM and NO (Normally Open)

Figure 3: Relay Arduino

Parameter:

• 830 Holes

• With dual power rails

• Hole Size: 2.54mm

• Double-sided tape on the reverse side

• Interlocking for larger accessories

According to Banzi (2009) The Arduino software (IDE), developed by arduino.cc, is an integrated

development environment that is open source and used to program the Arduino boards Permit programming and uploading to Arduino boards It also included a number of libraries and a collection of sample mini projects

Figure 4: Breadboard

Figure 5: Arduino IDE

b Blynk

Blynk is an application running on iOS and Android platforms to control and monitor devices via the internet (Seneviratne, 2018) Blynk is not tied to specific hardware, instead, it supports hardware of your choice such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266 and many other popular hardware modules

There are three main components in the platform:

• Blynk App - allows to create the interface of your product by dragging and dropping different widgets that the supplier has designed

• Blynk Server - responsible for central data processing between phones, tablets and hardware You can use Blynk's provided Blynk Cloud or create your own Blynk server Since this is open source, you can easily Integrate into devices and can even use Raspberry Pi as your server

• Library Blynk – support for almost all popular hardware platforms – allows to communicate with the server and process all incoming and outgoing commands

Functions:

Provides the same API & UI for all supported devices and hardware

Connect to the server using Wifi for our project

The utilities on the interface are easy to use by the provider

Direct drag and drop interface without writing code

Easily integrate and add new functionality using the virtual gateways built into the blynk app Data

history tracking

Device-to-device communication using Widgets

II Develop your solution, write down your sketch and upload it on your devices

Block Diagram:

Figure 6: Block Diagram

Working principle:

Auto mode

• The sensor receives the humidity signal on the NodeMCU's A0 pin => Displayed on Blynk

• via Value Display (V1)

• Then send signal to NodeMCU to execute bound commands

Mode Manual

• Control the relay on and off via BlinkApp with button (V9)

• On: Output HIGH signal to pin D2 on NodeMCU to close relay to open machine

• pump

• Off: Output LOW signal to pin D2 on NodeMCU to close the shutdown relay pump

Realistic circuit

Figure 7: Realistic circuit

Blynk interface on app

Blynk interface on server

Figure 8: Blynk server

Figure 9: Blynk App

Figure 10: Automatic watering system based on soil moisture

III Testing results

The system is controlled through the Blynk app, the soil moisture is displayed on the app, when the humidity is low, the pump will turn on to automatically water the plants When the hiddenness is satisfactory, the pump turns off Thus, the plant is absorbed enough water, helping the healthy growth process

Figure 11: Result 1

When the device works, the soil moisture sensor measures low soil moisture, the sensor activates the relay, and at this time the water pump will work to pump water for the plants

Video demo:

Advantage

The use of automatic watering systems to care for and water the garden, indoor green space brings a lot

of benefits Garden care becomes easier and more convenient:

• Save water: automatic irrigation systems can help reduce water up to 60% compared to manual irrigation This helps users cut down on their monthly water bills significantly

• Helps plants absorb enough water to grow normally, bringing high yields

• Create value for the work: you may not know, the landscape of a building accounts for 20% of the total value of the work A good and correct irrigation system makes the landscape more attractive and thereby creates value

• Save time: Time is money, and time is precious An automatic irrigation system will take care of the

plants in your yard for you, at that time you can take care of your family or implement creative)

ideas

• Significant labor savings compared to manual irrigation

• The system is a fixed investment, ensuring a long life for the equipment used in irrigation

Disadvantage

• It is easy to clog the nozzle if the filter is not cleaned regularly

• The soil moisture sensor is prone to rust after a period of time, affecting the accuracy of the soil moisture measurement process

• The type of plant watering device that delivers water to each plant, watering directly to the surface

of the soil, not the leaves, so it is suitable for irrigation:

o Plants with strong roots and absorbing water and nutrients through their roots such as perennial fruit trees, citrus trees, woody industrial plants such as cashew, coffee, pepper

o Ornamental plants grown in the family's home or garden or terrace, can be used in the standard form of this high-end genuine drip irrigation system

o Plant lines with high drought tolerance and planting in the dry season

o Plants grown on infertile lands such as typical mountain slopes and hillsides such as custard apple, plum or apple trees, etc

• Requires large and large water flow

- Access to professional expertise and operating environment of automatic watering systems

- Learn the roles, functions, tasks and how the system works

- Point out the limitations and inadequacies of the system that need to be changed - Identify the problems of the system that need to be studied and changed

Figure 14: Survey question

Figure 13: Survey question

We conducted the survey and got the results from everyone:

The majority of surveyors found that automatic watering through soil moisture is a useful system, a product that brings a lot of value to consumers

Figure 16: Survey result

Figure 15: Survey question

The benefits of an automatic watering system are appreciated by everyone, the most obvious one is Improving crop productivity by always taking the initiative and providing adequate and timely water and fertilizer for crops reaching 72 7%, followed by Water Saving: this is the highlight that is easy to see from this technology due to water with 54.5% and finally Reduce labor to minimum for watering and fertilizing for crops with 36.4%

Figure 17: Survey result

Seeing the practicality and accuracy of this system is also appreciated during use

Figure 18: Survey result

Thanks to the advantages and practicality of the product, it is believed that everyone can see the potential

of this system in the future It will be a necessary system to help people in the process of taking care of crops to bring the best quality crop yield

The last and most important part of the survey is to point out the points that need to be fixed with this device

Figure 20: Survey result

Figure 19: Survey result

II Critical review and compare

Based on feedbacks, it is found that this device is necessary for users in the process of taking care of plants Saving time, money also promotes the growth and development of plants, bringing high yielding plants And the device also met 80% of expectations There are still some points that need to be fixed to make the system more perfect

Besides these advantages, our products still have some problems that need to be overcome The most important part of the system is the soil moisture sensor, and the main concern is that soil moisture is sometimes inaccurately measured due to the influence of air humidity This will affect the watering process of the plant, the worst result if the tree lacks or excess water can cause the tree to die In addition, when exposed to soil and water for a long time, the sensor may also have an error due to rust or even failure Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect the sensor device

The design also needs improvement Assembling the system is still quite confusing, not neat

To secure the whole plant including the root and leaves, a sprinkler can be installed for irrigation, but it still depends on the type of crop

III Give out the plan for next version

For the limitations of the system, there are several alternative methods To ensure the accuracy of the system, the soil moisture sensor should be regularly checked, if there are signs of damage, it needs to be replaced However, this is not a good solution because when applying the system on a large area, it will take time and money for this problem Instead, a soil moisture sensor with anti-corrosion probe can be used to further ensure the quality of the system

Besides, combined with a drip sprayer so that water is supplied to the entire plant from root to tip At the same time, this is also a measure to help save water compared to using pipes to lead water to each root Another important thing is that the whole system should have a device to protect against changes in the external environment such as damage to wires or other hardware

watering system based on soil moisture All are controlled remotely via an app installed on the phone called Blynk This is an IoT-based system that makes caring for everyone's crops lighter and simpler We have successfully completed our project from planning, idea to product demo Although there are many shortcomings, it is certain that it will be improved in the future

References

Dutta, U and Khurana, N., 2021 The Internet of Things Using NODEMCU p.9

Ayoub, M., 2022 Internet of Things: A Hardware Development Perspective p.45

Banzi, M., 2009 Getting Started with Arduino p.6

Seneviratne, P., 2018 Hands-On Internet of Things with Blynk p.4