Iec Tr 63094-2017.Pdf

IEC TR 63094 Edition 1 0 201 7 06 TECHNICAL REPORT Multimedia systems and equipment – Multimedia signal transmission – Dependable l ine code with error correction IE C T R 6 3 0 9 4 2 0 1 7 0 6 (e n )[.]

IEC TR 63094

Editio 1.0 2 17-0

Mult imedia syst ems and equipment – Mult imedia signal t ransmission –

Dependable l ne code w it h er or cor ect ion

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IEC TR 63094

Edit io 1.0 2 17-0

Mult imedia syst ems and equipment – Mult imedia signal t ransmission –

Dependable l ne code w it h er or cor ect ion

FOREWORD 3

INTRODUCTION 5

1 Sco e 8

2 Normative ref eren es 8

3 Terms, def i ition an a breviated terms 8

3.1 Terms an def i ition 8

3.2 Ab reviated terms 9

4 4 /10 l ne code 9

4.1 Overview 9

4.2 F rward er or cor ection (FEC) 9

4.3 Emb d ed cloc 9

4.4 DC b lan e 9

4.5 4 /10 data en odin 10 4.6 Frame format 10 4.6.1 Frame 1

0 4.6.2 Setup comman 10 4.6.3 Idle comman 1

4.7 En odin 1

4.8 Decodin 1

4.9 Er or han l n 1

4.9.1 1-bit er or 1

4.9.2 2-bit er or 12 4.9.3 Over 3-bit er or 12 An ex A (informative) Re l-time s hed l n 13 An ex B (informative) Characteristic of emb d ed cloc 14 An ex C (inf ormative) Characteristic of DC b lan e 15 An ex D (inf ormative) Implementation of a decoder 1

6 Biblogra h 17 Fig re 1 – A h manoid ro ot 6

Fig re A.1 – EDF s hed l n 13 Ta le 1 – The 4 /10 data tran form 10 Ta le 2 – Setup comman 10 Ta le 3 – Idle comman 1

Ta le 4 – The 4 /10 lo k-up 1

Ta le B.1 – The len th of s c es ive 0 or 1 in case of 1-bit er or 14

Ta le C.1 – An example of the isomery of 0 an 1 in a s c es ive 10-bit win ow 15

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

1 Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org niz tio for sta d rdiz tio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q e tio s c n ernin sta d rdiz tio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic f i ld To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivitie , IEC p bls e Intern tio al Sta d rd , Te h ic l Sp cif i atio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cif i atio s (P S) a d Guid s (h re f ter refer e to a “IEC

Pu lc tio (s)”) Th ir pre aratio is e tru te to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio al Commite intere te

in th s bje t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n n

-g v rnme tal org niz tio s laisin with th IEC als p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orate clo ely

with th Intern tio al Org niz tio for Sta d rdiz tio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org niz tio s

2) Th f ormal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pre s, a n arly a p s ible, a intern tio al

c n e s s of o inio o th rele a t s bje ts sin e e c te h ic l c mmite h s re re e tatio f rom al

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p te t rig ts IEC s al n t b h ld re p n ible f or id ntif yin a y or al s c p te t rig ts

The main tas of IEC tec nical commit e s is to pre are International Stan ard However, a

tec nical commit e may pro ose the publcation of a tec nical re ort when it has col ected

data of a diff erent kin f rom that whic is normaly publs ed as an International Stan ard, f or

example "state of the art"

IEC TR 6 0 4, whic is a tec nical re ort, has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commit e 10 :

Au io, vide an multimedia s stems an eq ipment

The text of this tec nical re ort is b sed on the fol owin doc ments:

En uiry draft Re ort o v tin

Ful information on the votin f or the a proval of this tec nical re ort can b f ou d in the

This doc ment has b en drafted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The commite has decided that the contents of this doc ment wi remain u c an ed u ti the

sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "htp:/ we store.iec.c " in the data related to

A bi n ual version of this publcation may b is ued at a later date

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cov r pa e of this publ c tion in ic te

that it contains colours whic are considere to be us ful f or the cor e t

understa din of its conte ts Us rs s ould th ref ore print this doc me t using a

colour printer

This doc ment defines a l ne code that in orp rates er or cor ection ca abi ty to

commu icate rel a ly amon multimedia comp nents, I/O p ripherals an computers A

n mb r of complex multimedia mac ines, in p rtic lar ro ots, automo i es, an network

routers, have a growin deman f or distributed proces in In ad ition, modernization of

f aci ties s c as f actories, off i es, s ho ls, an homes is cre tin a ubiq itou an

multimedia computin en ironment Unl ke con entional PC a plcation for doc mentation

an Internet a pl cation that ex han e texts without hard time con traints, these typ s of

co p rative computin req ire rela le re l-time resp n es to ph sical events oc ur in in the

re l world In order for distributed nodes to co p rate in re l-time, an intercon ectin network

s al re l ze re l-time an de en a le commu ication without re-sen in on nois

en ironments The 4 /10 provides a de en a le l ne code for s c re l-time

commu ication b twe n multimedia comp nents, I/O p ripherals an /or computers by

providin emb d ed cloc , DC b lan e, er or detection an er or cor ection f eatures

The re l-time asp ct me n that the exactnes of the s stem in lu in o eration an

commu ication de en s not only on the res lt, but also on the time it to k to ac ieve the

res lt In the nar ow sen e, the re l-time asp ct me n that the time con traint, in lu in

de dl nes or c cles, mu t b met

Re l-time tas s with the time con traints are general y s hed led an exec ted by a re l-time

s hed ler an a re l-time o erating s stem Most re l-time s hed ln algorithms as ume

that the WCET (worst-case exec tion time) of e c tas is given A re l-time s hed l n

algorithm con erts a time con traint of e c re l-time tas to a priority Most re l-time

o eratin s stems b sed on s c re l-time s hed lers pre-empt an exec te tas s in order of

priority at every tic to me t the time con traint

As re l-time s hed l n algorithms, the e rl est de dl ne f irst (EDF) s hed ler, the rate

monotonic (RM) s hed ler, an their variation have b en esta l s ed, as explained in An ex

A These algorithms commonly s hed le tas s b sed on priorities determined by the time

con traints

Most re l-time s hed l n algorithms as ume that the WCRT (worst-case resp n e time) of

e c commu ication p c et is given in case of commu ication In order to a ply re l-time

s hed l n algorithms to re l-time commu ication , pre-emptive commu ication, whic is

ac ieved by Resp n ive Lin (ISO/IEC 2 7 0), an the er or cor ection ca a i ty to prevent

the re-sen in a broken p c et are req ired

A l ne code is a lowest-level commu ication protocol on a commu ication l ne Most c r ent

l ne codes have a f ew typical fu ction in lu in emb d ed cloc , DC b lan e an b sic er or

detection f eatures The 8 /10 codec is a major example, whic is u ed for PCI Expres , USB

3.0, SATA, IEEE13 4 , an 10GbE But no con entional l ne code has an er or cor ection

ca a i ty

When an en oded code (a 10 code) is broken d rin commu ication, the multi-bits of the

decoded code ( he 8 code) are cor upted In other word , when a sin le bit er or oc urs in

an en oded 10-bit code, the decoded 8-bit code (a byte) is completely broken

When an er or is detected on the decoder, the broken data is normal y re-tran mit ed u der

an up er level commu ication protocol However, re-tran mis ion is not al owed in order to

re l ze re l-time commu ication

It is hard f or a bit-level er or cor ection code that in lu es the Hammin code an the BCH

code to in orp rate er or cor ection ca a i ty, b cau e multi-bits of the decoded code are

In order to in orp rate er or cor ection ca a i ty on the 8 /10 codec, a bloc -level er or

cor ection in lu in RS (Re d-Solomon) is req ired as a large p c et-level er or cor ection

But the bloc -level er or cor ection is not s ita le f or re l-time commu ication, b cau e the

commu ication laten y b comes lon er as it is imp s ible to cor ect the cor upted data u ti

al cor esp n in p c ets are received

The l ne code 4 /10 has the folowin distin tive fe tures for re l-time commu ication :

a) emb d ed cloc ;

b) DC b lan e;

c) er or detection;

d) er or cor ection

No con entional l ne code s p orts the a ove fe tures at one time For example, the in u

try-wide stan ard 8 /10 codec can b e si y re laced with the 4 /10 l ne code for hig ly

rela le commu ication

Fig re 1 s ows a distributed control con g ration of a h manoid ro ot as one of the typical

a pl cation of the 4 /10 l ne code The electronic control p rt of the h manoid ro ot

con ists of several control nodes with local sen in an actuatin devices The distributed

control ers are con ected to e c other by Resp n ive Lin In this fig re, rectan les

re resent node control ers, an dot ed l nes s ow commu ication l n s s c as the

Resp n ive Lin that is a p int-to-p int serial ln

IE C

Figure 1 – A h ma oid robot

For a h manoid ro ot to walk sta ly, a servo lo p of 1 ms or s orter is ne ded In this

config ration, the farthest two nodes can ex han e a 16-byte p c et within 5 μ Sin e the

time is g arante d not to flu tuate, the distributed control of a h manoid is con idered to b

s ff i iently p s ible Sin e man actuators that generate noises are emb d ed in ide the

ro ot, the l ne code is req ired f or noise toleran e The 4 /10 is the l ne code that has er or

cor ection ca a i ty

Cur ently man I/O inter aces an commu ication stan ard , in lu in PCI Expres (PCIe),

USB 3.0, SATA, IEEE 13 4 , an 10GbE u e the 8 /10 codec as a lne code The 8 /10

has a lot of f un tion an its code rate is relatively hig (a out 8 %) However if one bit er or

oc urs in an en oded data (10 ), the decoded data (8 ) wi b broken completely Therefore

when the 8 /10 codec is u ed on nois en ironment s c as in ide the ro ot, an upp r level

er or cor ection code is req ired For er or cor ection, it is hard to a ply an bit-level er or

codec in lu in the Hammin code an the BCH code, b cau e multiple decoded bits (1-byte)

Re d-Solomon, whic is lon laten y ECC that is not s ita le for re l-time a pl cation , is

req ired Hen e, a rel a le l ne code with ECC is req ired f or s c a pl cation

Pate t

The International Electrotec nical Commis ion (IEC) draws atention to the f act that it is

claimed that compl an e with this doc ment may in olve the u e of p tents as l sted b low:

PATENT No 5 0 8 0 (Ja an)

IEC takes no p sition con ernin the eviden e, val dity an s o e of these p tent rig ts

The holder of these p tent rig ts has as ured the IEC that he/s e is wi in to negotiate

l cen es either f re of c arge or u der re sona le an non-dis riminatory terms an

con ition with a pl cants throu hout the world In this resp ct, the statement of the holder of

these p tent rig ts is registered with IEC Information may b o tained fom:

He d uarters for Rese rc Co rdination an Administration

ISO (www.iso.org/p tents) an IEC (htp:/p tents.iec.c ) maintain on-l ne data b ses of

p tents relevant to their stan ard Users are en ouraged to con ult the data b ses for the

most up to data information con ernin p tents

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS A ND EQUIPMENT –

This doc ment sp cifies the l ne code 4 /10 for de en a le multimedia sig al tran mis ion

req ired for complex mac ines, s c as ro ots an automo i es This doc ment cor esp n s

to the f un tion sp cified in layer 1 to layer 2 of the OSI referen e model (ISO/IEC 7 9 )

The purp se of this doc ment is to f aci tate the develo ment an u e of the 4 /10 in

de en a le s stems by providin a l ne code protocol This doc ment provides a l ne code

protocol f or intercon ection amon distributed re l-time s stems, in lu in emb d ed

s stems, control s stems, amu ement s stems, ro ot s stems, an intel gent bui din s The

4 /10 can ac ieve the l ne code with ECC (er or code cor ection) The 4 /10 is the l ne

code that re l zes emb d ed cloc , DC b lan e, er or detection an er or cor ection at a time;

it is not p s ible to satisfy these f un tion in one codec by con entional s hemes, an the

4 /10 l ne code can ac ieve hig ly rel a le an de en a le digital commu ication

There are no normative referen es in this doc ment

3 Terms, def initions and abbreviated terms

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the f ol owin terms an def i ition a ply

ISO an IEC maintain terminological data ases f or u e in stan ardization at the f ol owin

ad res es:

• IEC Electro edia: avai a le at ht p:/ www.electro edia.org/

• ISO Onl ne browsin platform: avai a le at htp:/www.iso.org/o p

3.2 Abbre iate terms

ECC er or cor ection code

The lne code 4 /10 han les a 10-bit f rame en oded by 4-bit digits The original 4 bits of

information digits are en oded into a 10-bit f rame by the lo k-up ta le s own in Ta le 1 A

byte (8 bits) is divided into two half bytes (4 ) A half byte (4 ) is en oded to a s mb l (10 )

A f rame con ists of a s mb l and is tran mit ed to the commu ication l ne Sin e four bits are

en oded to ten bits by the 4 /10 l ne code, the commu ication sp ed at 1 0 0 MHz is

a proximately eq al to 4 0 Mbits

4.2 Forward er or cor e tion (FEC)

The l ne code 4 /10 s ould provide er or fe tran mis ion f or rel a le re l-time control

Er or cor ection s ould b p rf ormed by hardware The 4 /10 p r orms lne-code-level er or

cor ection Original four bit data (4 ) are en oded to 10-bit tran mit in data with emb d ed

cloc , DC b lan e, 2-bit er or detection, an 1-bit er or cor ection for a half byte of data (4

bits of information digits)

The Hammin distan e of an digits in a s mb l (10 code) is lon er than or eq als 4 for 1-bit

er or cor ection an 2-bit er or detection

4.3 Embe d d clock

The l ne code 4 /10 en ures that s c es ive 0 bits or 1 bits are within five bits, even if a 1

-bit er or/s mb l oc urs Characteristic of the emb d ed cloc are s own in An ex B

In the case of in ide s mb l digits, s c es ive 0 bits or 1 bits are within five bits

In the case of inter s mb l digits, s c es ive 0 bits or 1 bits are within f i e bits

When e c s mb l has 1-bit er or, if the distan e of er or bits is gre ter than f our bit, the

s c es ive 0 or 1 bits are within f i e bits

In the case of two-bit er ors, dis ontin ity of digits is not g arante d

In order f or the l ne code 4 /10 not to al ow a c r ent to flow in the commu ication ca le, the

n mb rs of 0 an 1 in a s mb l are same for DC b lan e But DC b lan e b twe n

s c es ive s mb ls is not neces ary Characteristic of the DC b lan e are s own