Iec Tr 61346-3-2001.Pdf

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE CEI IEC TECHNICAL REPORT TR 61346 3 Première édition First edition 2001 09 Systèmes industriels, installations et appareils, et produits industriels – Principes de structuration et d[.]

But de la structuration

Généralités

Structuring is a method for managing complexity IEC 61346-1 outlines a methodology for breaking down information related to a more or less complex system into more manageable parts Key concepts utilized in this process include:

Structuring is defined as a systematic way of organizing the objects within a system to facilitate all necessary activities throughout the system's lifecycle.

A well-documented system structure serves as a common foundation for organizing documentation, establishing documents, identifying components, defining boundaries, recognizing signals, and labeling When applied correctly, this structure enhances the creation of information and documentation By utilizing structuring as a tool, it becomes possible to define reusable objects—engineering solutions—that can be employed as functional blocks, particularly in computer-aided tools This approach also leverages the information gathered on these solutions, leading to improved quality.

De nombreuses normes internationales en matière de documentation sont effectivement fondées sur le concept d'objet tel que défini dans la CEI 61346-1 et utilisent des désignations de référence.

Organisation de la documentation

The IEC 62023 standard clearly employs the concept of an object, outlining how various documents that describe an object can be interconnected It utilizes the idea of a primary document along with its supplementary documents to facilitate this integration.

Le document principal est défini comme le document qui joint toute l'information sur un objet et qui fait référence aux documents complémentaires.

La CEI 61355 définit, entre autres, un certain nombre de types de documents utilisés pour fournir les informations du point de vue des différents aspects (comme défini dans la

CEI 61346-1, mais également dans d'autres normes) Elle fournit également un système de classification des différents types de documents.

Il est possible d'attribuer à chaque document une désignation de document, constituée de la désignation de référence de l'objet conjointement avec le code de classe du type de document.

The principle of organizing information by objects and utilizing structures is effectively implemented in Product Data Management (PDM) systems In these systems, the primary document is often regarded not as a traditional document but simply as an object, typically named after the item it represents.

LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.

Structuring is a way of managing complexity IEC 61346-1 describes a methodology for dividing information on a more or less complex system, into easier manageable pieces The important concepts used are:

Structuring refers to the systematic organization of a system's objects, aimed at streamlining all activities required throughout the system's entire life cycle.

A well-documented system structure serves as the foundation for organizing documentation, identifying components, terminals, and signals, and ensuring proper marking When utilized effectively, this structure streamlines the preparation of information and documentation By leveraging structuring as a tool, reusable engineering solutions can be defined, which, especially with the aid of computer tools, can function as building blocks This approach not only enhances the quality of solutions but also facilitates valuable feedback on past experiences.

A number of international standards dealing with documentation are based on the object concept as defined in IEC 61346-1 and make use of reference designations.

IEC 62023 is a standard that effectively employs the object concept, outlining the connections between various documents that describe an object It emphasizes the relationship between the main document and its complementary documents.

The main document is defined as the document that links all information on an object together by referring to the complementary documents.

IEC 61355 outlines various document types that convey information from multiple perspectives, as specified in IEC 61346-1 and other standards Additionally, it establishes a classification system for these document types.

Each document can be given a document designation consisting of the reference designation for the object in combination with the document type class code.

In PDM systems, the principle of organizing information by object and utilizing structured formats is prominently implemented Here, the primary document is often viewed not merely as a document but as an "object," typically identified by the name it represents.

In document management systems, it is possible to achieve similar functionality by using reference designations and class codes of document types as metadata The search function in these systems enables users to easily obtain a list of all document types that describe a specific object.

In this case, the documents are not actually grouped by their subject matter; instead, they are treated as separate entities that appear to be related in the search results.

Il est par conséquent essentiel pour la gestion de la documentation que l'usager soit en mesure de reconnaợtre de maniốre intuitive les objets dộfinis et utilisộs.

Établissement de documents

IEC 61082-1 offers rules and guidelines for document creation, emphasizing the fundamental relationship between structure and documentation.

The IEC 61082-2 standard addresses diagrams and recognizes various levels of detail It is essential to combine these levels with structure and to work hierarchically Objects are typically represented in a specific manner within their context, such as block symbols, symbols for diagrams, and terminal phase diagrams Additionally, the internal structure can be depicted with different levels of detail, including overview diagrams, functional diagrams, or circuit diagrams.

Les diagrammes abordés dans la CEI 61082-2 traitent principalement de la structure adaptée à la fonction Ces diagrammes présentent les objets et leurs interrelations et connexions

(indépendamment de la manière dont ces objets sont identifiés).

IEC 61082-3 addresses documents related to physical connections, focusing primarily on product-adapted structures It outlines objects in relation to their physical attributes, as well as their interrelations and connections.

(indépendamment de la manière dont les objets sont identifiés).

La CEI 61082-4 utilise d'une manière semblable l'aspect lié à l'emplacement pour l'établissement des documents.

La CEI 62027 décrit l'établissement des nomenclatures de composants sur la base de toute structure définie dans la CEI 61346-1.

La CEI 62023 décrit la manière d'établir un document principal en tenant compte de plusieurs aspects de l'objet décrit.

All reference standards utilize the concept of an object, supporting a structured approach to document creation This characteristic enables the formulation of strict rules for document design, allowing for the automatic generation of documents from object-related information stored in a database.

ISO 10303-212, part of the STEP standards series, supports the use of the reference designation system defined in IEC 61346-1 Consequently, it enables the use of a database based on this system for the automatic generation of documents.

In document management systems, utilizing reference designations and document type class codes as metadata allows for efficient organization This enables users to easily retrieve a comprehensive list of all document types related to a specific object through the search function.

NOTE In the latter case, the documents are not really kept together as an object, but treated as individual objects that seem to be related in the search result.

For the management of the documentation, it is therefore essential that the objects defined and used are intuitively recognizable for a user.

IEC 61082-1 provides rules and guidelines for the preparation of documents and also in this context, some basic considerations with reference to the relation between the structure and the document.

IEC 61082-2 addresses the creation of diagrams, emphasizing the importance of varying levels of detail and hierarchical structuring It allows for the integration of different representations of objects, such as block symbols and terminal function diagrams, within their contextual framework Additionally, the internal structure can be depicted through various detailed formats, including overview diagrams, function diagrams, and circuit diagrams.

The diagrams dealt with in IEC 61082-2 mainly concern the function-oriented structure These diagrams show the objects and their interrelations and connections (independently of how the objects are identified).

IEC 61082-3 focuses on physical connection documents, primarily emphasizing a product-oriented structure It outlines the physical aspects of objects and their interrelations and connections, regardless of the identification methods used for these objects.

IEC 61082-4 similarly uses the location aspect for the preparation of the documents.

IEC 62027 describes the preparation of parts lists based on any of the structures as defined in IEC 61346-1.

IEC 62023 describes how a main document is prepared when taking into account more than one aspect of the described object.

All referenced standards utilize the object concept and support a structured approach to document preparation This characteristic enables the establishment of precise rules for document construction, allowing for the automatic generation of documents from object-oriented information stored in a database.

ISO 10303-212, part of the STEP series of standards, supports the reference designation system outlined in IEC 61346-1, enabling the automatic generation of documents through a corresponding database.

Identification d'objets

IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 outline the process for creating unambiguous reference designations for all objects within a system This is further detailed in the technical report.

Identification de bornes au sein d'un système

The CEI 61666 standard outlines the process for creating unambiguous designations for terminals within a system These designations are formed by combining the reference designation of the relevant object with the terminal marking on that object.

Identification de signaux au sein d'un système

The IEC 61175 standard outlines the process for creating unambiguous signal designations within a system These designations are formed by combining a unique signal name associated with a system component and the reference designation of that component.

Réutilisation d'informations

The IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 standards can be utilized to define and designate objects that appear multiple times These documentation standards support the representation of these objects as independent information units Consequently, they can be employed as functional blocks, documented at varying levels of detail.

Automated procedures or systems can be established to generate lower-level information based on the specifications of the same object at a higher level This approach also enhances the conceptual level of design and engineering for objects.

The reference designation system outlined in IEC 61346 can be extended both upstream and downstream, which is essential for the straightforward reuse of information and documentation, as well as for hierarchical work processes A reference designation for an object is always assigned in relation to the object of which it is a constituent part There is no fixed format for these designations.

Structurer fournit des avantages supplémentaires

Sections 4.1.1 to 4.1.7 emphasize that structuring is an effective tool for design and engineering, serving more than just a foundation for creating reference designations The key takeaway is the importance of defining the appropriate objects.

In practice, structuring can be achieved in various ways, with no definitive method for implementation However, it is crucial to maintain the objective of structuring The definition of objects and the structuring process should support and facilitate design and engineering processes from all relevant perspectives Structuring is not meant to impose an additional burden on design; rather, it should be viewed as a means to streamline the entire process.

IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 describe how to create unambiguous reference designations for all objects of interest within a system This is further described in this technical report.

4.1.5 Identification of terminals within a system

IEC 61666 describes how unambiguous terminal designations within a system are created.

This is done by combining the reference designation for the object in question and the terminal marking on this object.

4.1.6 Identification of signals within a system

IEC 61175 outlines the process for creating clear and distinct signal designations within a system This is achieved by merging a signal name, which is unique to each component of the system, with the reference designation of that component.

IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 provide a framework for defining and designating frequently occurring objects These standards facilitate the documentation of these objects as self-contained information units, allowing them to serve as building blocks that can be documented with varying levels of detail.

Automated systems can be developed to produce detailed information based on higher-level specifications of an object This capability enhances the conceptual design and engineering processes for various objects.

The reference designation system described in IEC 61346 is extendable in both directions

The ability to reuse information and documentation effectively relies on the hierarchical organization of objects Each object is assigned a reference designation based on its relationship to the larger object of which it is a part.

There is no fixed format for the designations.

Sections 4.1.1 to 4.1.7 emphasize that structuring serves as an effective tool in design and engineering, extending beyond merely establishing reference designations The primary objective is to accurately define the appropriate objects.

Structuring can be approached in various ways, with no single correct method It is crucial to maintain focus on the ultimate goal, ensuring that the definition of objects and the overall structure enhance and streamline the design and engineering process Rather than adding complexity, effective structuring should simplify and support the entire workflow.

But de l'utilisation des désignations de référence

Designations can serve various purposes, with the simplest application being the assignment of a code type to a physical item for reference in documents It is not mandatory to utilize all the principles outlined in the guidelines.

The CEI 61346-1 standard addresses the requirement for designations, which can also be met through less stringent methods like numbering or simple coding It is important to clarify that a purely numerical designation is feasible For any designation system, it is essential to recognize that the designation identifies an object solely within the context of the object it constitutes.

As technical information about significant installations and complex products is predominantly stored in comprehensive databases today, it is crucial to implement a systematic approach for processing and retrieving this information A reference designation system, as outlined in IEC 61346-1, provides a classification framework that enhances the organization and accessibility of such data.

CEI 61346-2 permettent d'atteindre ces buts Ils permettent un stockage structuré des informations conformément aux différents aspects et fournissent un moyen de recherche structurée des informations.

Quelques exemples sont donnés ci-dessous pour illustrer des champs d'application possibles.

− Il est nécessaire d'inspecter régulièrement certaines pièces qui assurent une tâche spécifique dans un bâtiment (par exemple en matière de sécurité).

− La désignation de référence adaptée à la fonction permet la sélection des pièces concernées et l'impression d'une liste d'inspection.

− La désignation de référence adaptée à l'emplacement indique les endroits ó les pièces sont installées.

− La désignation de référence adaptée au produit peut faciliter la collecte d'informations sur les pièces constitutives des appareils installés.

La planification d'un processus industriel commence par une conception fonctionnelle.

The appropriate reference designation for a function enables systematic storage of information regarding a process task, regardless of how the described task will be executed The specific devices to be used for implementation will be determined in a later phase of the engineering process Information about these devices can be referenced using product-specific designations.

The relationship between the product-specific reference designation and the function-specific reference designation is maintained in the database, supplemented by a location-specific reference designation This structure allows for easy identification of products involved in specific tasks within the process and their respective locations Additionally, it enables the assessment of various tasks performed by a given product.

A detailed example is provided in IEC 61346-4, illustrating the amount of information collected about an object throughout its life cycle A reference designation system, as outlined in IEC 61346-1, is essential for managing such information.

La désignation de référence est la base principale pour les différentes tâches de désignation

(voir la figure 1) Ainsi, un lien reconnaissable est établi entre les informations dans la base de données, leur aspect dans les différents documents et les objets dans la réalité.

The reference designation is crucial for document identification according to IEC 61355 It facilitates the direct association of documents and information with a specific object within the engineering process.

Designations serve various purposes, primarily to assign codes to physical parts for reference in documents While the principles outlined in IEC 61346-1 can be utilized, simpler methods like numbering or basic coding are also effective It's important to note that a purely numeric designation is feasible Additionally, any designation system must recognize that an identifier only relates to an object within the context of the larger system it belongs to.

In today's world, where information on technical objects, especially large installations and complex products, is increasingly stored in extensive databases, a systematic approach for accessing and retrieving this information is essential The reference designation system outlined in IEC 61346-1, combined with the classification method in IEC 61346-2, serves this need by enabling organized information storage across various aspects and facilitating structured information searches.

In the following, some examples are given to show possible fields of application.

− Certain parts, which fulfil a specified task in a building need to be regularly inspected (for example those with safety relevance).

− The function-oriented reference designation helps to select of the parts that are affected and the printing of an inspection list.

− The location-oriented reference designation indicates the places where the parts are installed.

− The product-oriented reference designation may help to find information on constituent parts of installed equipment.

The planning of an industrial process starts with a functional design.

The function-oriented reference designation enables the organized storage of information regarding a process task, independent of the methods for achieving it The selection of equipment for implementation will be determined in a subsequent phase of the engineering process, with product-oriented reference designations providing a means to reference information about this equipment.

The database maintains a connection between product-oriented and function-oriented reference designations, enhanced by a location-oriented reference designation This structure allows for easy identification of the products involved in executing specific process tasks and their respective locations.

It is also possible to evaluate which different tasks are realized by a specific product.

IEC 61346-4 provides a comprehensive example illustrating the information gathered about an object throughout its life cycle To effectively manage this information, implementing a reference designation system, as outlined in IEC 61346-1, is crucial.

The reference designation serves as the fundamental basis for various designation tasks, creating a clear connection between database information and its representation in real-world documents and objects.

The reference designation is crucial for document identification as per IEC 61355, enabling a direct connection between documents and information with specific objects defined in the engineering process.

Elle permet également à l’utilisateur de définir des critères de sélection pour trouver les documents appropriés pour un besoin spécifique.

Objets dans une base de données =, +, – Désignation de référence

Bornes (CEI 61666) =, +, – Désignation de référence : Désignation de bornes

Documents: (CEI 61355) =, +, – Désignation de référence & DCC et numéro de comptage

Signaux: (CEI 61175) =, +, – Désignation de référence ; Nom de signal

Figure 1 – Désignation de référence au centre des différentes tâches de désignation

Il convient de noter que les désignations de référence n'assurent pas toutes les tâches d'identification Les identifications et leurs contextes sont décrits dans l'introduction de la

5 Structuration, classification et désignation de référence

Phases fondamentales

The tasks associated with structuring and assigning reference designations typically begin with organizing the object, followed by classifying the constituent items, and ultimately assigning single-level reference designations.

A.3 Définir les objets constitutifs en fonction de l'aspect choisi (voir 5.4).

A.4 Décider pour chaque objet constitutif si une subdivision supplémentaire est néces- saire et répéter le cas échéant les phases A.2 et A.3.

Broches de connecteur à fiche Objets (ensembles informationnels) dans une base de données

It also enables the user to define selection criteria with the purpose of finding the right documents for a specified purpose.

(information sets) in a data base

Objects in a data base =, +, – Reference designation

Terminals (IEC 61666) =, +, – Reference designation : Terminal designation

Documents (IEC 61355) =, +, – Reference designation & DCC and counting number

Signals (IEC 61175) =, +, – Reference designation ; Signal name

Figure 1 – Reference designation at the centre of different designation tasks

It should be noted that reference designations do not solve all identification tasks.

Identifications and their contexts are described in the introduction of IEC 61346-1.

5 Structuring, classification and reference designation

Structuring and reference designation tasks are normally performed by first structuring the object, then classifying the constituent objects and after that, assigning single-level reference designations.

A.1 Define the object to be treated (see 5.2).

A.2 Decide on an aspect (see 5.3).

A.3 Define constituent objects according to the chosen aspect see 5.4).

A.4 decide for each constituent object on the necessity of a further subdivision and repeat steps A.2 and A.3 in this case.

The structuring procedure is carried out iteratively until the defining constituent objects that serve the desired goals are established This subdivision process can typically be halted once the smallest relevant constituent element for a specific need—such as planning, assembly, maintenance, repair, or replacement—is identified The requirements of a component manufacturer may differ from those of an industrial facility operator An appropriate function-based decomposition is outlined in IEC 61346-4 In this example, objects are iteratively subdivided according to their functional aspects until it becomes possible to identify the products that fully implement the constitutive function The product-adapted structure is created through a bottom-up approach from these products.

In this context, components can be utilized effectively Additionally, it is possible to define constitutive functions solely to provide information about them, without considering their implementation.

Due to the fundamental structural principle, it is important to acknowledge that the size, complexity, or significance of an object is not indicated by its position within the created tree structure For instance, objects of comparable complexity may appear at different levels, while objects of varying complexity can be found together at the same level.

If an object is also intriguing from another perspective, it is essential to revisit the same object defined in phase A.1, but select the alternative aspect in phase A.2 This represents a different viewpoint of the same object.

NOTE La CEI 61346-1 permet un ou plusieurs points de vue supplémentaires dans un même aspect.

NOTE Les numéros correspondent aux phases décrites dans le texte.

Figure 2 – Procédure d'établissement des désignations de référence

B.1 Choisir un schéma de classification (CEI 61346-2, tableau 1 ou tableau 2) à appliquer à tous les éléments constitutifs d'un objet et attribuer des lettres repères de manière correspondante (voir 5.5).

It is also possible not to classify the components of an object In this case, the components are differentiated only by numbers or letters, without any classification.

Le choix d'un schéma de classification est fondamentalement indépendant de l'aspect choisi pour la structuration dans la phase A.2.

B.2 Attribuer le cas échéant des lettres repères pour les sous-classes.

The structuring procedure is iteratively executed until the necessary constituent objects are clearly defined This subdivision process typically concludes when the smallest relevant component for a specific purpose, such as planning, assembly, maintenance, repair, or replacement, is identified It's important to note that the requirements of a component manufacturer may differ from those of an industrial plant operator.

IEC 61346-4 outlines a function-oriented decomposition method, where an object is systematically divided by function until products that fully embody the constituent function are identified This approach leads to a product-oriented structure developed from the ground up, utilizing these products as components Additionally, it is feasible to define constituent functions solely for informational purposes, without regard to their realization.

The principle of constituency highlights that an object's size, complexity, or significance is not necessarily indicated by its position within a hierarchical structure Consequently, objects of similar complexity may be found at varying levels, while items of differing complexities can coexist at the same level within the structure.

When an object possesses additional intriguing qualities, it is necessary to revisit the same object as outlined in step A.1, but this time focusing on the new aspect in step A.2 This represents an alternative perspective on the same object.

NOTE IEC 61346-1 allows one or more additional approaches to the same aspect.

NOTE The numbers correspond to the steps described in the text.

Figure 2 – Procedure of setting up reference designations

B.1 Decide on a classification scheme (IEC 61346-2, table 1 or table 2) to be applied for all constituents of one object and assign letter codes accordingly (see 5.5);

It is also possible to not classify the constituents of one object at all In this case, numbers or letters only distinguish the constituents (without classification).

The choice of a classification scheme is basically independent from the aspect chosen for structuring in step A.2.

B.2 Assign letter codes for subclasses if required.

Attribution de désignations de référence:

C.1 Attribuer des numéros aux objets classés afin de différentier les objets constitutifs d'une même classe et sous-classe.

Attribuer des numéros aux objets constitutifs auxquels aucun code de classe n'est attribué (voir 5.6).

Objets à traiter

Clearly defining the subject at hand is crucial, as it serves as the starting point for subsequent considerations In the planning of significant installations, multiple parties are involved, with each party responsible for a specific system, component, or device Objects are often delineated by delivery boundaries.

It is essential to acknowledge that each component can be addressed individually, whether it is a task, industrial installation, system, component, device, or location-specific structure, as long as the guidelines of IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 are followed Subsequently, all these components must be integrated to form a complete installation, such as an industrial setup.

According to the definition provided in IEC 61346-1, an object is an entity considered throughout the processes of design, engineering, implementation, operation, maintenance, and demolition Furthermore, as per IEC 61346-4, an object also includes information regarding its properties.

− son fonctionnement (par exemple les interactions avec d'autres objets actifs tels que des tâches ou activités recherchées, prévues ou réalisées du processus);

− sa structure environnante (par exemple en interaction avec les ensembles environnants);

− l'emplacement qu'il occupe (par exemple les zones, les espaces, les places ou les positions).

An object that holds such information is valuable from functional, product-related, and location-related perspectives In this case, the user must determine which aspect is of interest to them.

A manufacturing process engineer typically begins by defining the objects based on the tasks of the process It is essential for them to provide information about the process task itself and its constituent tasks Additionally, they may offer details about the equipment intended for executing the process task and the planned location for its implementation.

An experienced planning engineer will likely start by defining the objects based on the devices, as they are already familiar with the technical solutions It is essential for them to provide information about the devices and possibly the constituent parts Additionally, they can offer insights into the intended task of the process and the locations of the components.

It is often essential to define objects based on spaces early in the planning process, without considering the systems and devices to be installed later This primarily concerns the appropriate subdivision for the location of a site, building, or complex Information about the defined spaces can include dimensions, safety specifications, or environmental conditions In some cases, it is also possible to provide details about the devices to be installed at these points or the tasks to be performed in various locations.

Il est possible de copier et de réutiliser des solutions existantes comme base pour un traitement ultérieur.

C.1 Assign numbers to the classified objects in order to distinguish constituent objects of the same class and subclass;

Assign numbers to constituent objects that are not assigned codes for classes

A clear definition of the object to be treated is crucial as it serves as the foundation for subsequent considerations In the planning of extensive installations, multiple parties are involved, with each party accountable for a specific system, component, or device.

Objects are very often defined by delimiting them according to delivery limitations.

It is important to recognise that each party can treat its own object (task, plant, system, component, device, location-structure, etc.) separately, provided the rules according to

IEC 61346-1 and IEC 61346-2 are taken into consideration Later on, all these objects need to be combined to constitute the complete installation, for example an industrial plant.

According to the definition in IEC 61346-1, an object is a considered entity in the process of design, engineering, realization, operation, maintenance and demolition According to

IEC 61346-4, an object in addition contains information about the properties of an object relating to:

− its functioning (in other words interaction with other active objects such as desired, planned or realized process tasks or activities);

− its surrounding structure (in other words interaction with the surrounding assembly);

− its location (such as areas, spaces, places or positions).

An object with this type of information is significant in terms of its functional, product, and locational aspects Users must determine which aspect is most relevant to their needs.

A process engineer begins by defining the objects related to process tasks, which includes essential information about the main process task and its constituent tasks Additionally, details about the equipment designed to execute the process task and the anticipated location may also be included.

An experienced planning engineer typically begins by defining the objects related to equipment, leveraging their knowledge of technical solutions It is essential to provide details about the equipment and its components, as well as information regarding the planned process tasks and the location of these parts.

In the early planning phase, it is essential to define objects based on spatial conditions, focusing on the location-oriented subdivision of a site, building, or assembly This process involves providing critical information about the defined spaces, including dimensions, safety specifications, and environmental conditions Additionally, there may be opportunities to include details about the equipment to be installed or the tasks to be performed in various locations.

Existing solutions may be copied and reused as basis for further treatment.

Aspects

Figure 3 illustrates three potential objects based on task, devices, or location, each of which may be intriguing from one or multiple perspectives The aspect highlighted within a framework can be viewed as the primary characteristic of the object in question, representing the most evident interest For instance, if a task needs to be defined in the process, the functional aspect clearly becomes the main focus A more detailed explanation of these issues is provided in Article A.2.

Figure 3 – Différents objets selon les aspects

L'application de l'aspect principal mène aux informations qu'il convient au minimum de fournir

(voir 5.2) pour l'objet correspondant Elle mène également à une désignation de référence non ambiguở.

Définition des objets constitutifs

Aspect fonctionnel

The definition of constituent objects from a functional perspective is typically based on the tasks or activities to be performed within a process It is advisable to use terms outlined in IEC 61346-2, Table 1, Column 3, related to the functional aspect In this context, it is preferable to avoid thinking in terms that describe systems, devices, or products, even though an expert generally already knows the main components of the devices.

Exemples: utiliser ôobjet servant à transporter du point A au point Bằ plutụt que ôtapis mộcaniqueằ; utiliser ôobjet de commutation d'un circuit ộlectriqueằ plutụt que ôcoupe-circuitằ.

It is important not to specify methods when describing a task For instance, a task could be the heating of a liquid An experienced engineer might refer to this task as thermal exchange because they understand the solution based on previous applications The term "heating" is more generic than "thermal exchange," allowing for flexibility in how the task is accomplished.

Un schéma fonctionnel est un exemple de document venant à l'appui de la définition d'objets conformément à l'aspect fonctionnel (voir la figure 4).

Figure 4 – Exemple d'un schéma fonctionnel représentant des tâches

The considered object serves the purpose of producing liquid Cằ It is divided into constituent objects based on their functional aspects, which correspond to the boxes in the diagram The lines between these boxes also represent constituent objects for guiding or transporting tasks These constituent objects create a level within a structure tailored to the function.

Aspect lié au produit

The definition of constituent objects related to the product aspect is based on the systems, devices, or apparatuses that are actually used or intended for use Examples of terms applicable to the product aspect are provided in columns 4 and 5 of Table 1.

It is essential to implement the tasks outlined in Figure 4 using the appropriate devices Table 1 illustrates the planned approach for executing these tasks.

Indique le transport/le guidage

Ouv rir/ f erm er le circuit A

Réc hauff er le liquide A

Ouv rir/ f erm er le circuit B

Constituent objects are defined based on their functional roles, which are determined by the tasks or activities they perform within a process It is advisable to utilize specific terminology as illustrated in the guidelines.

IEC 61346-2, table 1, column 3 emphasizes the importance of focusing on functional aspects rather than merely describing systems, equipment, or devices This approach is beneficial, as experts are typically already familiar with the key components involved.

Examples: use "object for transporting from place A to B" instead of "conveyor belt"; use "object for switching of a power circuit" instead of "circuit breaker".

When describing a task, it can be beneficial to avoid specifying methods For instance, the task of "heating a liquid" might be referred to as "heat exchanging" by an experienced engineer who is familiar with previous solutions The term "heating" is broader than "heat exchanging," allowing for flexibility in how the task can be accomplished.

A block diagram is an example of a document that assists the definition of objects according to the function aspect (see figure 4).

Indicates transporting/guiding Production of liquid C

Figure 4 – Example of a block diagram representing tasks

The object under consideration is responsible for the "production of liquid C" and is divided into constituent objects based on their functional roles These constituent objects are represented as boxes in the accompanying diagram, while the lines connecting them indicate additional constituent objects involved in guiding or transporting tasks Together, these elements create a function-oriented structure, as illustrated in figure 8.

The definition of constituent objects in relation to the product aspect is derived from the systems, equipment, or devices that are either currently utilized or planned for future use Relevant terminology associated with the product aspect can be found in columns 4 and 5 of table 1 in IEC 61346-2.

For example, the tasks specified in figure 4 need to be implemented by suitable pieces of equipment Table 1 shows how it is planned to realise the tasks.

Tableau 1 – Tâches et leur réalisation

La tâche est réalisée selon une méthode (l'utilisation de la pesanteur) et non pas par un produit

Ouvrir/fermer le circuit A Vanne

Réchauffer le liquide A Échangeur thermique

L'échangeur thermique refroidit le liquide B Cette fonction n'était pas spécifiée, elle est par conséquent ignorée Stocker le liquide B Réservoir

Ouvrir/fermer le circuit B 2 vannes

It is important to note that Table 1 only displays the main components related to tasks Completing a task also involves secondary installations, such as those required for command and control, which should be compared with Figure 18.

An overview document, such as a general flowchart, can be created as a result of the planning process (see Figure 5) The constituent elements are numbered and represent a level within a structure tailored to the product.

(voir la figure 9) (D'autres éléments constitutifs tels que des panneaux de commande, un tableau de distribution de courant électrique ou encore un système de conditionnement d'air sont ignorés.)

Table 1 – Tasks and their realization

Initiate flow A Task is realized by a method (use of gravity), not by a product

Heat liquid A Heat exchanger The heat exchanger cools liquid B This function was not specified and therefore is disregarded

It should be noted that in table 1, only the main components related to the tasks are shown.

The realization of a complete task also includes secondary facilities such as those for controlling and monitoring (compare also with figure 17).

The realization-planning phase may lead to the creation of an overview document, such as a process flow diagram, which illustrates the constituents numbered in a product-oriented structure Other elements, including control panels, electric power distribution boards, and air-conditioning systems, are not included in this overview.

5 Réchauffeur électrique 11 Ensemble réservoir-vanne

Figure 5 – Exemple d'un organigramme général illustrant les composants principaux dans un processus

The comparison of figures 4 and 5, as well as figures 8 and 9, reveals that there is no one-to-one relationship between the functional components and the product-related components For instance, the task of initiating the flow does not require any device; it is accomplished by utilizing the effect of gravity.

Aspect lié à l'emplacement

As outlined in section 4.4 of IEC 61346-1, the definition of constituent objects based on location is rooted in the topographical arrangement of the system and/or the environment in which a technical system is situated In other words, these objects do not address the technical system itself; rather, they pertain to the definition of the spaces (two- or three-dimensional) where the constituent elements of the technical system can be installed.

Il convient de noter que les objets fondés sur les tâches ou les produits peuvent avoir un aspect lié à l'emplacement, précisant par exemple les exigences en matière d'environnement.

Les objets fondés sur les emplacements peuvent à leur tour contenir des informations sur la manière dont ces exigences ont été considérées.

Des documents types pour la définition d'objets selon l'aspect lié à l'emplacement sont les plans de disposition (pour des sites, des bâtiments ou pour des ensembles ou des unités).

Typical objects include areas, buildings, floors, rooms, spaces within a room, mounting locations in a cabinet, bays in a rack, and positions on or within a unit Figure 6 presents a simplified layout based on a building plan, illustrating the positions of the components defined in Figure 5.

Les objets constitutifs de l'aspect lié à l'emplacement forment un niveau de la structure adaptée à l'emplacement (voir la figure 10).

5 Electric heater 11 Tank-valve unit

Figure 5 – Example for a process flow diagram showing the main components in a process

A comparison of figures 4 and 5, as well as figures 8 and 9, reveals that there is no one-to-one relationship between the constituents based on their functional aspects and those based on their product aspects.

"initiate a flow" does not require a piece of equipment at all It is realized by using the effect of gravity.

According to IEC 61346-1, section 4.4, constituent objects are defined based on the topographical layout of a system and its surrounding environment This definition focuses on the spatial arrangement—whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional—where the components of a technical system can be installed, rather than the technical system itself.

Objects related to tasks or products often include a location aspect, which specifies environmental requirements Conversely, location-based objects may provide insights into how these requirements have been addressed.

Arrangement drawings are essential documents for defining objects based on their location, including areas, buildings, storeys, rooms, and specific mounting positions These drawings illustrate the spatial relationships of components within a structure For instance, Figure 6 provides a simplified arrangement drawing derived from a building layout, highlighting the positions of components as defined in Figure 5.

The constituent objects in the location aspect form one level in the location-oriented structure

The main products and their respective locations include a mixing room, finished goods storage, and various liquid reservoirs Specifically, there is Reservoir A and Reservoir B, along with a pump room and spare parts storage Additional components include a control room, an elevator shaft, and a thermal exchanger Other essential equipment consists of an electric heater, a conveyor system, and piping, although the pipes are not depicted on the plan.

Figure 6 – Exemple d'un plan de disposition illustrant les emplacements et les produits principaux dans un bâtiment

It is important to recognize that the precise space occupied by a component, such as a pump, can be clearly defined within a structure tailored to its location This can be achieved by employing a sufficiently detailed coordinate system for this purpose.

Classification des objets

The classification of objects is independent of the type of structure and the object's position within that structure For instance, Tables 1 or 2 of IEC 61346-2 apply to objects defined by functional aspects, product-related aspects, and, in some cases, location-related aspects A key rule derived from IEC 61346-1 states that all constituent objects within a given aspect are classified according to the same classification scheme.

The classification scheme to be used at a specific level of a structure should be selected on a case-by-case basis, as illustrated in Figure 7 While other classification schemes may be applicable at a level of a structure, they are not suitable for the components of an isolated object However, it is not always necessary to assign classes to the constituent objects.

It is important to note that it is impossible to differentiate the original classification scheme of a given reference letter when multiple classification schemes have been applied in a reference designation Therefore, it is essential to clarify the usage in the document or related documentation.

The facility includes a mixer hall, a finished goods store, and a pump and tank hall, which houses tanks for liquids A, B, and C Additionally, there is a spare parts store, a workshop, and a corridor leading to an office and elevator space Key equipment features include valves, heat exchangers, electric heaters, and various pipes, all essential for efficient operations The control room oversees the entire process, ensuring smooth functionality throughout the facility.

Figure 6 – Example of an arrangement drawing showing places and main products in a building

The precise space occupied by a component, such as a pump, can be clearly defined within a location-oriented structure This clarity can be achieved through the implementation of a sufficiently detailed coordinate system.

The classification of objects is not influenced by their structural type or position within that structure For instance, tables 1 and 2 from IEC 61346-2 can be applied to objects categorized by function, product, or location aspects Additionally, IEC 61346-1 establishes that all constituent objects of a single object within one aspect must adhere to the same classification scheme.

The classification scheme for each level of a structure must be determined on a case-by-case basis, as illustrated in figure 7 While multiple classification schemes can be utilized at a single level, they cannot be applied to the components of a single object Additionally, it is not always necessary to assign classes to constituent objects.

It is important to clarify that if multiple classification schemes are used in a reference designation, it becomes impossible to identify the origin of a specific letter code Therefore, the application of these schemes must be clearly explained in the document or accompanying documentation.

Légende c Classification selon l'infrastructure d Classification selon le but e Sans classification

Figure 7 – Application de schémas de classification

Les exemples suivants illustrent le principe d'associer des classes à des objets selon leur but

Objets fondés sur des tâches:

Pour les objets illustrés à la figure 4, les classes suivantes sont attribuées conformément à la

Objets fondés sur les appareils:

Un convoyeur est choisi pour la rộalisation de la tõche susmentionnộe ôdộclencher l'ộcoulementằ (voir la figure 5) Conformộment à sa tõche, il est possible d'attribuer la classe G.

Cette classe est la même que la classe pour la tâche susmentionnée mais elle classifie fondamentalement un autre objet Elle classifie en fait un sous-objet de la tâche.

There is a clear relationship between task-based objects and device-based objects However, task-based objects encompass more than just the main component of the device; they also include control and indication devices, which are considered sub-objects The main component of the device may only be one of many components involved in completing the overall task.

? Key Classification according to infrastructure

Figure 7 – Application of classification schemes

The following examples show the principle of relating classes to objects according to their purpose (IEC 61346-2, table 1).

For the objects shown in figure 4, the following classes according to IEC 61346-2, table 1 are assigned:

To achieve the task of "initiating a flow," a conveyor is selected (refer to figure 5) This conveyor is categorized under class G, which aligns with the previously mentioned task, although it specifically classifies a sub-object related to that task.

There is a clear relationship between task-based objects and equipment-based objects However, task-based objects encompass more than just the primary equipment; they also include control and indication devices, which are considered sub-objects Thus, the main piece of equipment is merely one of several components that contribute to the overall task.

Pour les objets illustrés à la figure 5, les classes suivantes sont attribuées conformément à la

Objets fondés sur des espaces:

For the objects based on the spaces shown in Figure 6, it was decided not to categorize the items within the building according to a specific classification scheme, but rather to use the abbreviation R for the rooms.

It is generally possible to apply classification schemes according to IEC 61346-2 for objects based on spaces when desired In this case, the classification relates to the primary task of the device to be installed in that location For instance, the area where the tanks are located can be classified based on the storage function, assigning it the letter C from Table 1 However, this class assignment is not determined by the site's topography but rather by the device itself.

Attribution de désignations de référence à niveau unique

The definition of constituent objects, as outlined in section 5.4, leads to distinct tree structures illustrated in figures 8, 9, and 10 The classes assigned as described in section 5.5, along with the prefixes based on the applied aspect, form the foundation for unique level reference designations These designations are further enhanced by adding numbers that differentiate objects within the same class.

=Q1 Ouvrir/fermer le circuit – liquide A

=Q2 Ouvrir/fermer le circuit – liquide B

Figure 8 – Structure arborescente pour les objets fondés sur les tâches

The following classes according to IEC 61346-2, table 1, are assigned to the objects shown in figure 5:

In the context of the spaces illustrated in figure 6, the decision has been made to refrain from classifying the objects within the building using a specific classification scheme; instead, the abbreviation "R" will be utilized to denote rooms.

Classification schemes based on IEC 61346-2 can be applied to objects according to their spatial context, focusing on the primary function of the equipment intended for installation For instance, a tank's location may be classified according to its storage function, corresponding to letter C from table 1 This classification is determined by the equipment's purpose rather than the site's topography.

5.6 Assigning single-level reference designations

Defining the constituent objects leads to distinct tree-like structures, as illustrated in figures 8, 9, and 10 The assigned classes and prefix-signs, based on the applied aspect, form the foundation for single-level reference designations.

Adding numbers that differentiate between objects of the same class completes these.

Figure 8 – Tree-like structure for objects based on tasks

Ligne de production pour le liquide C

–C1 Réservoir –Q1 Vanne –C2 Réservoir de liquide B

–G1 Pompe –Q1 Vanne –W1 Tuyau –E1 Échangeur thermique

–S1 Panneau de commande global –E11 Unité de conditionnement d'air

Figure 9 – Structure arborescente pour les objets fondés sur les appareils

Ligne de production pour le liquide C

+R101 Salle des pompes et réservoirs +R102 Salle de mixage

+R103 Atelier +R104 Stock de pièces détachées +R105 Couloir 1

+R106 Ascenseur 1 +R201 Salle de réservoir +R202 Stock de produits finis +R203 Bureau

Figure 10 – Structure arborescente pour les objets fondés sur les espaces

–C1 Tank –Q1 Valve –C2 Tank for liquid B

–C3 Tank for liquid C –G1 Pump-valve unit 1, liquid B

–G1 Pump –Q1 Valve –W1 Pipe –G2 Pump-valve unit 2, liquid B

–G1 Pump –Q1 Valve –W1 Pipe –E1 Heat exchanger

–G4 Conveyor –W1 n Pipes –S1 Overall control panel –E11 Air conditioning unit

Figure 9 – Tree-like structure for objects based on equipment

+R101 Pump and tank hall +R102 Mixer hall

+R103 Workshop +R104 Spare parts store +R105 Corridor 1 +R106 Elevator 1 +R201 Tank hall +R202 Finished goods store +R203 Office

Figure 10 – Tree-like structure for objects based on spaces

Ensemble de désignations de référence

According to IEC 61346-1, at least one reference designation within a set must be unambiguous For instance, considering the conveyor shown in Figure 5, the following set of reference designations can be assigned concerning the production object of liquid Cằ.

The designation of the reference adapted to the function is not unambiguous for the conveyor, as it is assumed that other devices, such as a control equipment, also contribute to the task of triggering the flow of liquid Cằ Similarly, the designation of the reference adapted to the location is not unambiguous since the conveyor is not the only assembly at that location In this case, the only unambiguous identifier is the reference designation adapted to the product.

Ellipses ( … ) can be omitted in the example above if the explanation is included in the document or related documentation, provided there is no risk of confusion.

Dans certains cas, il est possible de réaliser des transitions de l'aspect d'un objet vers un autre aspect de ce même objet.

Les transitions doivent normalement être utilisées uniquement lorsqu'elles sont nécessaires

(par exemple pour l'intégration de solutions prédéfinies dans des structures données, sans possibilité de modifier les structures données ou d'en introduire de nouvelles).

NOTE Les transitions n'ont aucun rapport avec la structuration Il s'agit seulement d'une méthode permettant d'obtenir des dộsignations de rộfộrence non ambiguởs en utilisant des structures donnộes.

L'utilisation des transitions est expliquée de manière exhaustive dans la CEI 61346-1.

Quelques exemples supplémentaires sont fournis ici pour illustrer des transitions possibles.

It is essential to recognize an important fact: when a transition occurs, the basic structural principle also applies in a certain way This means that rules similar to those for defining constituent objects are applicable For instance, the transition from a functional aspect to a product-related aspect is only possible if the product to which the transition is made fully fulfills the function from the starting point of the transition.

Figure 11 illustrates an opening/closing task within a fluid circuit and its implementation A transition from the functional aspect to the product-related aspect is feasible, as the object represented by the dashed line fully accomplishes the task.

Un identificateur non ambigu du moteur de la vanne est: =Q1–M1.

IEC 61346-1 mandates that at least one reference designation within a set must be unambiguous For instance, in the context of the conveyor illustrated in figure 5, a specific reference designation set can be assigned concerning the object "production of liquid C."

The function-oriented reference designation for the conveyor lacks clarity, as it assumes that other equipment, such as control gear, contributes to the task of initiating a flow of liquid C Similarly, the location-oriented reference designation is ambiguous since the conveyor is not the sole assembly in that area Therefore, the only clear identifier is the product-oriented reference designation.

The horizontal ellipses ( ) in the example can be omitted if their usage is clarified in the document or accompanying materials, provided that this does not lead to any confusion.

In some cases, transitions from one aspect of an object to another aspect of the same object can be made.

Transitions should be utilized only when essential, such as when integrating predefined solutions into existing structures without the option to modify those structures or introduce new ones.

NOTE Transitions have nothing to do with structuring It is only a method for achieving unambiguous reference designations utilising given structures.

The use of transitions is extensively explained in IEC 61346-1 In this document, a few additional examples are given to illustrate possible transitions.

When performing a transition, it is essential to recognize that the principle of constituency applies This indicates that rules akin to those defining constituent objects are relevant For instance, transitioning from the function aspect to the product aspect is feasible only if the resulting product fully embodies the initial function.

Figure 11 illustrates the "opening/closing" task within a fluid circuit, demonstrating its execution The transition from a functional perspective to a product perspective is achievable, as the object indicated by the dash-dotted line fully accomplishes the task.

An unambiguous identifier for the motor-drive of the valve is : =Q1–M1.

O u ve rtu re / fe rm e ture

Figure 11 – Exemple de transition de l'aspect fonctionnel vers l'aspect lié au produit

Figure 12 depicts a layout similar to that of Figure 11 However, the control device –K1 in –Q1 is not solely dedicated to performing the task =Q1; it also facilitates the execution of task =Q2.

–Q1 réalise complètement =Q1 Dans ce cas, la transition est possible: =Q1–M1 identifie le moteur –M1 au sein de –A1–Q1.

–Q2 réalise =Q2, mais pas entièrement, puisque le relais est manquant Dans ce cas, aucune transition directe n'est possible.

=Q2 est en revanche entièrement réalisée par le produit dans le niveau supérieur suivant

–A1 Dans ce cas, une transition possible est: =Q2–Q2–M1 identifiant le moteur –M1 au sein de –A1–Q2.

Figure 11 – Example for transition from function aspect to product aspect

Figure 12 shows a similar arrangement to figure 11 However, the controlling device –K1 inside –Q1 does not exclusively contribute to the realization of task =Q1 but also to the realization of task =Q2.

–Q1 completely realizes =Q1 In this case, a transition is possible: =Q1–M1 identifies the motor –M1 inside –A1–Q1.

–Q2 realizes =Q2, however not completely, since the relay is missing In this case, no direct transition is possible.

=Q2 is however completely realized by the product in the next higher level –A1 A possible transition in this case is: =Q2–Q2–M1 to identify the motor –M1 inside –A1–Q2.

Figure 12 – Exemple de transitions de l'aspect fonctionnel vers l'aspect lié au produit dans un cas particulier

By applying the given rules, it is possible to obtain unambiguous reference designations However, it is important to note that these reference designations are not necessarily unique For the same object, multiple reference designations can exist, each addressing the object using the same aspects For instance, as illustrated in Figure 12, the following reference designations are possible for the same object (the engine –M1 within –A1–Q1): =Q1–M1 and =Q2–Q1–M1.

It is possible to avoid multiple reference designations if the product to which the transition is made fully and exclusively performs the task However, it is important to note that this is an additional requirement that is not based on the standard criteria.

Figure 12 – Example for transitions from function aspect to product aspect in a special case

By following the established guidelines, clear reference designations can be created, although they may not be unique Multiple reference designations can exist for a single object, each based on the same characteristics For instance, as illustrated in figure 12, the motor (M1) within the assembly (A1) can be identified with different designations, such as =Q1–M1 and =Q2–Q1–M1.

Structures du complexe industriel

Interrelation entre les différents types d'objets

Tiêu đề	Partie 3: Application Guidelines
Chuyên ngành	Industrial Systems
Thể loại	Technical Report
Năm xuất bản	2001

Định dạng
Số trang	122
Dung lượng	1,04 MB