NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61992 5 Première édition First edition 2006 02 Applications ferroviaires – Installations fixes – Appareillage à courant continu – Partie 5 Parafoudr[.]
Généralités
NOTE Il convient de ne pas utiliser de parafoudres avec éclateurs dans les installations nouvelles.
Marquage
Surge arresters must be identified by the minimum information outlined below, which should be displayed either on the assigned characteristics plate (nameplate) or, if the plate complies with IEC 60099-1, on a separate nameplate or a technical sheet provided with the surge arrester by the manufacturer.
– type: à éclateur – approprié à des réseaux de traction à courant continu;
– niveau de la tension de protection U p ;
– classe de limiteur de pression en kA (s'il existe);
– marque ou nom du constructeur, type et identification;
NOTE Les informations à fournir dans les offres ou dans les appels d'offre peuvent s'appuyer sur l'Annexe A de la présente norme ou l'Annexe B de la CEI 60099-1.
Caractéristiques assignées préférentielles
Les valeurs préférées des tensions assignées pour parafoudres à éclateurs doivent être celles énumérées dans le Tableau 1
Tableau 1 – Tensions assignées préférentielles (kV)
4.3.2 Valeurs préférentielles du niveau de tension de protection ( U p )
Les valeurs préférées du niveau de protection pour parafoudres à éclateurs doivent être celles énumérées dans le Tableau 2
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60099-1, IEC 60099-4,
4 Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
NOTE Gapped surge arresters should not be used for new installations
Gapped surge arresters must be clearly labeled with essential information, which should be displayed on the rating plate or, if compliant with IEC 60099-1, provided separately with the arrester or included in a data sheet from the manufacturer.
– type: gapped – suitable for d.c traction systems;
– pressure relief class in kA (if any);
– manufacturer's name or trademark, type and identification;
NOTE Information to be given in the enquiry or tender may be guided by Annex A of this standard or by Annex B of IEC 60099-1
Preferred values of rated voltages for gapped arresters shall be as listed in Table 1
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings (kV)
Preferred protective voltage levels for gapped arresters shall be as listed in Table 2
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Tableau 2 – Niveaux préférentiels de la tension de protection (kV)
4.3.3 Valeurs préférentielles du courant nominal de décharge ( I n )
Les valeurs préférentielles des courants nominaux de décharge sont énumérées dans le
Tableau 3 – Valeurs préférentielles des courants nominaux de décharge (kA)
4.3.4 Exigences de fonctionnement en service
Lorsque les exigences de fonctionnement diffốrent de celles dộfinies comme ônormalesằ, soit dans l'Article 4 et l'Annexe B de la CEI 61992-1 (parafoudres intérieurs), soit dans la série
When issuing a request for proposals, the buyer must specify the CEI 60099 (external surge protectors) If a direct current surge protector is suitable for use under service conditions that differ from those defined as "normal" in the applicable standards, the manufacturer must also indicate this.
Exigences
Voir la section 5 de la CEI 60099-1 excepté dans les cas suivants
4.4.2 Tension d'amorỗage au choc de manœuvre
Aucune limite pour la tension maximum d'amorỗage au choc de manœuvre n'a ộtộ spộcifiộe
L'essai du 4.7.3.3 est considéré comme un essai d'investigation, c'est-à-dire un essai effectué d'un commun accord entre les parties afin d'acquérir de l'expérience, sans référence à des obligations contractuelles
NOTE Le phénomène de choc de manœuvre dans les systèmes à courant continu est à l'étude
4.4.3 Tension d'amorỗage au choc de manœuvre
4.4.4 Tenue au courant de longue durée
Surge protectors must withstand the long-duration current shock test specified in section 4.7.5.3 of the standard and Table 6 of IEC 60099-1 The average dry breakdown voltage at industrial frequency, measured before and after this test, should not vary by more than 10%.
NOTE Le phénomène de choc de manœuvre dans les systèmes à courant continu est à l'étude
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Table 2 – Preferred protective voltage levels (kV)
The preferred nominal discharge currents, are as listed in Table 3
Table 3 – Preferred nominal discharge currents (kA)
Where service requirements differ from those defined as "normal" either in Clause 4 and Annex
In accordance with IEC 61992-1 for indoor arresters and the IEC 60099 series for outdoor arresters, it is essential for the purchaser to specify this requirement in the tender documentation Additionally, if a d.c surge arrester is designed for service conditions that deviate from the "normal" standards outlined, the manufacturer must clearly indicate this in the tender specification.
See section 5 of IEC 60099-1 except for the following
There are no specified limits for the maximum switching impulse sparkover voltage The test outlined in section 4.7.3.3 is classified as an investigation test, conducted by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier to gain experience, independent of contractual obligations.
NOTE The switching phenomena on d.c systems are under consideration
Arresters shall withstand the long-duration current impulse test of 4.7.5.3 of this standard and
Table 6 of IEC 60099-1 The average dry power-frequency sparkover voltage of 4.7.2 recorded before and after this test shall not have changed by more than 10 %
NOTE The switching phenomena on d.c systems are under consideration
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Procédure générale d'essai
Voir section 6 de la CEI 60099-1
4.6 Essais individuels de série et essais de réception
NOTE Le terme ôessai de rộception ằ est en cours de rộvision
Le constructeur doit effectuer au moins la détermination systématique de la tension d'amorỗage à sec à la frộquence industrielle (voir 4.7.2)
When the buyer specifies acceptance tests in the purchase contract, the following tests must be conducted on the nearest whole number greater than the cube root of the delivered surge arresters: a) determination of the dry breakdown voltage at industrial frequency on the complete surge arrester; b) verification of normal lightning impulse breakdown on the complete surge arrester.
The residual voltage must be determined on the complete surge arrester only when specifically agreed upon by both the buyer and the manufacturer, with a discharge current of at least 0.25 times the nominal discharge current.
Toutes modifications sur le nombre d'échantillons ou les types d'essai doivent être discutées entre l'acheteur et le constructeur
Voir section 8 de la CEI 60099-1 excepté dans les cas suivants
Les essais doivent être les mêmes qu’en 8.1 de la CEI 60099-1 mais le Tableau 3 doit être remplacé par le Tableau 4 suivant applicable à tout courant de décharge normal
Tableau 4 – Essais requis des parafoudres
Essai de tension d'amorỗage à frộquence industrielle 4.7.2
Essais de tension d'amorỗage au choc de foudre normal 4.7.3.1
Essai de tension d'amorỗage sur le front d'onde 4.7.3.2
Vérification de la tension résiduelle 4.7.4
Essai de tenue aux courant de choc:
Essais du limiteur de pression 4.7.7
Essai du dispositif de déconnexion (s'il existe) 4.7.8
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NOTE The term "acceptance test" is under revision
The minimum requirement for the routine test to be made by the manufacturer shall be the dry power-frequency sparkover test (see 4.7.2)
When acceptance tests are specified in the purchase agreement, the purchaser must conduct tests based on the nearest higher whole number to the cube root of the total number of arresters being supplied These tests include: a) a dry power-frequency voltage sparkover test on the complete arrester; b) a standard lightning impulse sparkover test on the complete arrester; and c) the determination of residual voltage on the complete arrester at a discharge current of not less than a specified level, but only if agreed upon by both the manufacturer and the purchaser.
0,25 times the nominal discharge current (see 4.7.4)
Any alteration in the number of samples or type of tests shall be specifically negotiated between the manufacturer and the purchaser
See section 8 of IEC 60099-1 except for the following
The tests shall be the same as in 8.1 of IEC 60099-1 but Table 3 shall be substituted by the following Table 4 applicable for any standard discharge current
Power-frequency voltage sparkover test 4.7.2
Standard lightning voltage sparkover test 4.7.3.1
Front-of-wave-voltage sparkover test 4.7.3.2
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4.7.2 Essai de tension d'amorỗage à frộquence industrielle
Les essais à sec et sous pluie doivent être effectués conformément aux 6.1, 6.2 et 6.3 de la
CEI 60099-1 et à 4.7.1 de cette norme sur trois parafoudres complets de chaque tension assignée soumis aux essais
The performance of other surge protectors of the same design, as defined in section 4.7.1, can be assessed through proportionality assumptions, provided that their assigned voltages do not deviate by more than 25% from one of the test samples.
The surge arrester must be energized at a sufficiently low voltage to avoid triggering its operation The voltage should then be quickly and regularly increased until the series spark gap ignites The duration for which the voltage can exceed the rated voltage of the surge arrester should remain between 2 to 5 seconds, as excessive heating can damage the voltage distribution resistors After ignition, the test voltage must be cut off as quickly as possible, preferably through automatic triggering, and in all cases within 0.5 seconds If measuring the rapid voltage rise with an indicator device is challenging, a fast signal recorder or oscilloscope should be used The manufacturer should be consulted regarding acceptable testing procedures.
The load imposed on the test circuit by a lightning arrester with highly conductive nonlinear resistive elements generates harmonics To ensure that the voltage waveform across the lightning arrester remains within the limits specified in IEC 60060-1, the test circuit must have sufficiently low impedance.
La tension doit être appliquée au minimum 5 fois avec un intervalle d'environ 10 s entre chaque application
The average breakdown voltage from the five tests is considered the industrial frequency breakdown voltage and serves as a benchmark for comparison before and after other similar tests.
The manufacturer and the buyer can agree to conduct a direct current test using the same procedures It is important that the voltage ramp-up rate is approximately 10 V/s.
Il convient que la valeur de la tension continue ait la même valeur crête que la valeur crête pour un essai à fréquence industrielle comme requis dans l’EN 50124-1
NOTE 2 Lorsque le parafoudre est fourni avec une enveloppe, il convient de réaliser l'essai avec celle-ci
4.7.3 Essai d'amorỗage sous choc de tension
4.7.3.1 Essai d'amorỗage au choc de foudre standard
The lightning arrester must be tested within the circuit, with the shock generator set to produce a voltage waveform of 1.2/50 and a peak value equal to the protective voltage level \( U_p \) During this test, five positive and five negative impulses should be applied to the arrester, ensuring that the series spark gaps trigger for each impulse If the spark gaps do not trigger at least once in either series of five impulses, an additional ten impulses of the same polarity must be applied, and the spark gaps must trigger for each of these as well.
Le temps entre le dộclenchement de l'onde et l'amorỗage est non significatif dans cet essai
Les tolérances des réglages de l'appareil d'essai doivent être telles que les valeurs mesurées soient comprises dans les limites suivantes:
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4.7.2 Power-frequency voltage sparkover test
Dry and wet tests shall be made in accordance with 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of IEC 60099-1 and 4.7.1 of this standard on three complete arresters of each voltage rating tested
The performance of other voltage ratings within ±25% of a test sample rating can be assessed by proportionally adjusting the voltage level according to the specified design.
The voltage applied to the arrester must initially be low enough to prevent sparkover from switching surges, then increased uniformly until sparkover of the series gap occurs During testing with grading resistors, the voltage may exceed the rated voltage for 2 to 5 seconds to avoid overheating damage After sparkover, the test voltage should be turned off as quickly as possible, ideally through automatic tripping, and within 0.5 seconds at most If measuring the rapidly increasing voltage is challenging with standard instruments, a high-speed recorder or oscillograph should be utilized Consultation with the manufacturer regarding the permissible test procedure is recommended.
The high conductivity of non-linear grading resistors in surge arresters generates harmonics that affect the testing circuit To ensure compliance with IEC 60060-1, the test circuit must possess low impedance to preserve the voltage waveform across the arrester within specified limits.
The voltage shall be applied not less than 5 times, with an interval of about 10 s between successive applications
The average sparkover value of the five tests is adopted as the power-frequency sparkover voltage for purposes of a comparison of tests made before and after other type tests
By mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier, an additional test may be conducted using a direct current (d.c.) voltage, following the same procedures The voltage should increase at a rate of approximately 10 V/s, and the peak value of the d.c voltage must match the peak value of the sinusoidal power frequency test level specified in EN 50124-1.
NOTE 2 When the arrester is provided with an enclosure, the test should be carried out with such enclosure
4.7.3.1 Standard lightning impulse sparkover test
With the test sample arrester in the circuit, the impulse generator is adjusted to give a
The testing procedure involves applying a 1.2/50 voltage waveshape with a peak protective voltage level \( U_p \) to the arrester During the test, five positive and five negative impulses are delivered, ensuring that the series gaps of the arrester spark over with each impulse If any series of five impulses fails to achieve sparkover even once, an additional ten impulses of the same polarity will be applied, and the gaps must spark over on all of these subsequent impulses.
The time interval between the start of the wave and instant of sparkover is immaterial in this test
The tolerances on the adjustment of the testing equipment shall be such that the measured values lie within the following limits:
Licensed to MECON Limited for internal use in Ranchi and Bangalore, supplied by Book Supply Bureau The specified peak values range between 97% and 100% The conventional front duration is between 0.85 ms and 1.6 ms, while the duration to half-value on the tail of the wave is between 40 ms and 60 ms.