NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61290 5 3 Première édition First edition 2002 03 Amplificateurs à fibres optiques – Spécification de base – Partie 5 3 Méthodes d''''essai des paramètr[.]
Etalonnage
Suivre l’opération d’étalonnage de 5.1 de la CEI 61290-3-2.
Mesures et calcul
a) Réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée et à la sortie
To adjust the input signal power (\$P_{in}\$) at the optical amplifier (AFO), utilize a variable optical attenuator, an isolator, a polarization controller, and a variable reflector following the optical transmitter Ensure that the signal power is set according to the corresponding specific requirements and verify this power using an optical power meter.
2) Insérer l’AFO (figure 1), un deuxième contrôleur de polarisation, un deuxième réflecteur variable (affaiblisseur de sortie) avant le récepteur Régler initialement les réflecteurs variables à
R 1 = R 2 55− dB(‡) ó R 1 et R 2 sont les réflectances.
To perform operation 5.2 of the IEC 61290-3-2, the independent frequency contribution to the noise figure (F non − mpi) and the merit factor of mpi (I mpi) can be determined from these measurements.
When external reflectances are present, their impact on \$F_{\text{non-mpi}}\$ is negligible compared to their effects on \$I_{\text{mpi}}\$ Assuming \$F_{\text{non-mpi}}\$ remains constant, it is essential to determine the minimal \$I_{\text{mpi}}\$ that can induce noise factors in the worst-case scenario, specifically at the lowest modulation frequency of 10 MHz and a spectral line width of 20 MHz.
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Noise measurements should be conducted based on the baseband frequency, which corresponds to the modulation frequency of the laser source These measurements can be performed across a specified frequency range, such as from 10 MHz to higher frequencies, as outlined in the detailed specifications.
2 GHz in steps of 5 MHz) or (2) at two to five frequencies as specified in the detailed specification.
All OFA NF specifications are expected to account for the "worst-case" scenario, which includes minimum input signal power, specific wavelength, and the lowest modulation frequency of 10 MHz, along with a linewidth of 20 MHz Additionally, multiple reflections within an OFA can lead to multipath interference (mpi), as outlined in IEC 61290-3 This testing procedure addresses the increase in the mpi noise factor contribution caused by external reflections.
To guarantee the precision and consistency of this procedure, the maximum noise factor contribution from \$F_{mpi} \, - \, max (P_{in}, u, f_{worst \, - \, case}, \Delta u_{worst \, - \, case})\$ at the "worst-case" frequency and linewidth must be converted into \$F_{mpi} (P_{in}, u, f_{meas}, \Delta u_{meas})\$ derived from the same conditions.
The measurement configuration involves an "effective" reflective cavity that assesses flow and ∆u measures An alternative approach to this "translation" is to calculate the mpi figure of merit, denoted as I mpi, which establishes F mpi − max (P in, u, f worst-case, ∆u worst-case) This measurement evaluates the reflectances at the input and output ports, either individually or simultaneously, to determine the total noise figure at the "worst-case" frequency and linewidth.
Calibration
Follow the calibration procedure given in 5.1 of IEC 61290-3-2.
Measurements and computation
a) Maximum reflectance tolerable at input and output
To ensure optimal performance, configure the input signal power to the optical fiber amplifier (OFA) using a variable optical attenuator, isolator, polarization controller, and variable reflector following the specifications outlined in the relevant documentation Verify the input power level with an optical power meter for accuracy.
2) Insert OFA (figure 1), a second polarization controller, a second variable reflector, and a second variable attenuator (output attenuator) prior to the receiver Set variable reflectors initially to
R 1 = R 2< 55− dB(‡) where R 1 and R 2 are the reflectances.
3) Perform the procedure according to 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2 From these measurements, the frequency independent contribution to the noise factor (F non − mpi ) and mpi figure of merit (I mpi ) can be determined.
When external reflectances are present, their impact on \$F_{\text{non-mpi}}\$ is minimal compared to their effects on \$I_{\text{mpi}}\$ Assuming a constant \$F_{\text{non-mpi}}\$ allows us to determine the minimum \$I_{\text{mpi}}\$ required to achieve the worst-case noise factor at the lowest modulation frequency of 10 MHz and a linewidth of 20 MHz.
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2 case worst mpi non case worst mpi ( )2 u u
I est le facteur de mérite;
F est le facteur de bruit; f est la fréquence de modulation; mpi est l’interférence à trajectoires multiples; u est la fréquence optique;
∆u est la largeur spectrale optique.
5) Dộterminer les facteurs de bruit dans le ôpire casằ aux frộquences de modulation
(indiquées dans la spécification particulière) et la largeur de raies spectrale de la configuration de mesure:
2 meas meas mpi meas mpi non meas case worst
I est le facteur de mérite;
F est le facteur de bruit; f est la fréquence de modulation; mpi est l’interférence à trajectoires multiples; u est la fréquence optique;
∆u est la largeur spectrale optique.
Perform operation 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2 multiple times while simultaneously increasing two reflectances, one at the input port and the other at the output port, from -30 dB(‡) to -8.5 dB(‡) Adjust the polarization controller at the input and then at the output to maximize the noise measurement on the ASE Continue to increase the reflectance value until \( F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}} \).
R –8,5 dB La réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée et à la sortie est cette valeur de réflectance. dB R AO dB Modulateur
Figure 2 – Configuration de mesure pour réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée
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2 case worst mpi non case worst mpi ( )2 u u
I is the figure of merit;
F is the noise factor; f is the modulation frequency; mpi is the multipath interference; u is the optical frequency.
5) Determine the “worst-case” noise factors at the modulation frequencies (indicated in the detailed specification) and linewidth of the measurement configuration:
2 meas meas mpi meas mpi non meas case worst
I is the figure of merit;
F is the noise factor; f is the modulation frequency; mpi is the multipath interference; u is the optical frequency.
7) Repeatedly perform the procedure of 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2 and simultaneously increase two reflectances, one at input port and the other at output port, from –30 dB(‡) to
To optimize noise measurement on the ESA, adjust both the input and output polarization controllers to achieve a maximum noise level of \$F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}}\$ or \$R_1 = R_2 = -8.5 \, \text{dB}\$ The reflectance value at this point represents the maximum tolerable reflectance at both the input and output.
Figure 2 – Measurement configuration for maximum reflectance tolerable at input
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1) Effectuer les étapes 1 à 6 de la réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée et à la sortie, mais en omettant le deuxième réflecteur variable, comme illustré à la figure 2.
Perform the operation outlined in section 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2 multiple times, increasing the reflectance from -30 dB to -8.5 dB Adjust the polarization controller at the input and then at the output to maximize the noise measurement on the ASE Continue to increase the reflectance value until \( F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}} \).
1 R –8,5 dB(‡) La réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée est cette valeur de réflectance. dB AO dB
Figure 3 – Configuration de mesure pour réflectance maximale tolérable à la sortie c) Réflectance maximale tolérable à la sortie
1) Effectuer les étapes 1à 6 de la réflectance maximale tolérable à l’entrée et à la sortie, mais en omettant le deuxième réflecteur variable, comme illustré à la figure 3.
Perform the operation outlined in section 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2 multiple times to increase the reflectance from -30 dB(‡) to -8.5 dB(‡) Adjust the polarization controller at the input and then at the output to maximize the noise measurement on the ASE Continue to increase the reflectance value until reaching \( F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}} \).
2 R –8,5 dB(‡) La réflectance maximale tolérable à la sortie est cette valeur de réflectance.
The following elements must be presented: a) the layout of the test setup and the measurement method, b) the wavelength(s) of the measurement, c) the spectral line width (full width at half maximum) of the optical emitter, d) the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the optical emitter, e) the modulation depth and frequency of the optical emitter, f) the indication of optical pump power, g) ambient temperature, if necessary, h) signal power at the optical input, i) resolution of the electrical spectrum analyzer, j) frequency-independent contribution to the noise factor, k) merit factor of the optical system in the worst-case scenario, and l) maximum tolerable reflectance at the input port, output port, or both.
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1) Perform steps 1 through 6 of the maximum reflectance tolerable at input and output, but omitting the second variable reflector as shown in figure 2.
To determine the maximum tolerable reflectance at the input, repeatedly execute the procedure outlined in section 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2, gradually increasing the reflectance from -30 dB to -8.5 dB Adjust both the input and output polarization controllers to optimize the noise measurement on the ESA Continue increasing the reflectance until the condition \( F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}} \) or \( R_1 = -8.5 \, \text{dB} \) is met.
Figure 3 – Measurement configuration for maximum reflectance tolerable at output c) Maximum reflectance tolerable at output
1) Perform steps 1 through 6 of the maximum reflectance tolerable at input and output, but omitting the first variable reflector as shown in figure 3.
To determine the maximum tolerable reflectance at output, repeatedly execute the procedure outlined in section 5.2 of IEC 61290-3-2, increasing the reflectance from –30 dB(‡) to –8.5 dB(‡) Adjust both the input and output polarization controllers to optimize the noise measurement on the ESA Continue increasing the reflectance until the condition \( F_{\text{meas}} = F_{\text{worst-case-meas}} \) or \( R_2 = -8.5 \, \text{dB(‡)} \) is met.
The article outlines essential details for the test setup and measurement method, including the wavelengths used, the spectral linewidth (full-width half maximum) of the optical transmitter, and the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the optical transmitter It also covers the modulation depth and frequency, the indication of optical pump power, and the ambient temperature if necessary Additionally, it specifies the optical input signal power, the resolution of the electrical spectrum analyzer, and the frequency-independent contribution to the noise factor The "worst-case" mpi figure of merit and the maximum tolerable reflectance at the input, output, or both are also highlighted.
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DFB (Diode laser) à réflexion répartie
ASE Analyseur de spectre électrique
BIR Bruit d’intensité relative mpi Interférence à trajectoires multiples FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE
DFB Distributed feedback (laser diode)
RIN Relative intensity noise mpi Multipath interference FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE
CEI 60793-1, Fibres optiques – Partie 1-1: Spécification générique – Généralités
CEI 60825-1, Sécurité des appareils à laser – Partie 1 : Classification des matériels, prescriptions et guide de l'utilisateur
CEI 60825-2, Sécurité des appareils à laser – Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécom- munication par fibres optiques
CEI 60874-1, Connecteurs pour fibres et câbles optiques – Partie 1: Spécification générique
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IEC 60793-1, Optical fibres – Part 1-1: Generic specification – General
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
IEC 60874-1, Connectors for optical fibres and cables – Part 1: Generic specification
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