NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61000 2 11 Première édition First edition 1999 10 Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 2 11 Environnement – Classification de l''''environnem[.]
Approche
The design, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of an object with a high level of immunity can be costly if appropriate practices are not followed Therefore, it is essential to carefully define the immunity requirements The proposed approach should be based on selecting immunity according to the following factors:
– environnement électromagnétique dans lequel l'objet sera utilisé;
– gravité des différentes perturbations possibles.
The assessment of the electromagnetic environment is conducted by considering the protective measures for the installation housing the equipment The electromagnetic field levels associated with currents and voltages, as defined in Articles 6 to 8, are crucial for determining the immunity levels of equipment, subsystems, or systems within the installation.
Based on the effects caused by the specified disturbances, it is essential to establish severity criteria by selecting appropriate immunity levels These criteria are influenced by the nature and mission of the equipment, as well as its connections with other equipment within a subsystem or system The severity criteria are detailed in section 9.3.
Incertitudes en situation d'essai
Les niveaux d'immunité en essai sont les niveaux à considérer en situation d'essai Un niveau d'essai est l’amplitude d’une grandeur mesurée dans un environnement bien défini.
Cependant, un certain nombre d'incertitudes peuvent influencer un essai d'immunité:
– précision et étalonnage de l'instrumentation;
– définition de l'installation de l'objet.
Ces incertitudes peuvent être évaluées en vérifiant la répétabilité d’un test donné quand toutes les exigences sont remplies.
Critères de gravité
Several levels of severity can be considered, taking into account all the consequences of a disruption Depending on the nature and mission of the object and its associated devices, the criteria for defining severity may include:
– Perturbation catastrophique: perturbation pouvant entraợner la mort, des lộsions graves, des dégâts importants à l’équipement ou d'autres préjudices très graves.
– Perturbation critique: perturbation pouvant entraợner des lộsions mineures, des dộgõts importants à l’équipement ou d'autres préjudices graves.
– Perturbation majeure: perturbation pouvant provoquer des dégâts permanents mineurs à l’ộquipement ou entraợner d'autres prộjudices de moindres consộquences.
– Perturbation mineure: perturbation pouvant provoquer une perte temporaire de fonction ou d'autres préjudices mineurs.
– Perturbation sans conséquence: perturbation pouvant produire une perte de fonction dans les limites des tolérances et ne demande pas d'intervention humaine.
– Pas de perturbation: perturbation ne provoquant aucune perte de fonction.
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9 Principles of the selection of immunity levels
The design, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of items with high immunity can incur significant costs if not managed properly Therefore, it is crucial to carefully select the immunity requirements The recommended strategy is to choose immunity based on specific criteria.
– the electromagnetic environment in which the item will be used;
– the criticality of the different possible interferences.
The assessment of the electromagnetic environment takes into account the protective measures for the facility housing the equipment The specified levels of electromagnetic fields, currents, and voltages, outlined in clauses 6-8, are essential for establishing the immunity levels for any equipment, subsystem, or system within the facility.
When selecting appropriate immunity levels, it is essential to consider criticality criteria based on the effects of specific disturbances These criteria are influenced by the equipment's nature, mission, and its interconnections with other equipment within a subsystem or system For detailed information, refer to section 9.3.
Immunity test levels refer to the specific measurements taken during a testing scenario, representing the magnitude of a quantity in a controlled environment Various uncertainties can impact the outcomes of an immunity test, affecting the reliability of the results.
– precision and calibration of instrumentation;
– definition of the test environment;
– definition of the item installation.
These uncertainties can be evaluated by checking the reproducibility of a given test when all test requirements are fulfilled.
Different levels of criticality can be assessed based on the consequences of an interference The criteria for defining criticality depend on the nature and mission of the item and its related equipment.
– Catastrophic interference: interference which can cause death, major injuries, or extensive damage to equipment, or might lead to other considerable detrimental consequences.
– Critical interference: interference which can result in minor injuries, extensive damage to equipment, or might lead to other important detrimental consequences.
– Major Interference: interference which can result in limited permanent damage to equipment or can lead to other moderate detrimental consequences.
– Minor interference: interference which can cause temporary loss of performance or can have other minor detrimental consequences.
– Inconsequential interference: interference which only causes a loss of performance within tolerances, and does not require human intervention.
– No interference: disturbance does not cause any loss of performance.
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According to these definitions, the severity of a disturbance is influenced not only by the object in question but also by the interactions between that object and its external environment It is important to remember that a minor disturbance for the object may lead to disastrous consequences for the system it is part of, such as a disruption in an aircraft's communication system during the transmission of an urgent message.
Approach
The design, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of items with high immunity can incur significant costs if not managed properly Therefore, it is crucial to carefully select the immunity requirements The recommended strategy is to choose immunity based on specific criteria.
– the electromagnetic environment in which the item will be used;
– the criticality of the different possible interferences.
The assessment of the electromagnetic environment takes into account the protective measures for the facility housing the equipment Clauses 6-8 outline the levels of electromagnetic fields, currents, and voltages based on established protection concepts These levels are essential for determining the immunity levels of equipment, subsystems, or systems within the facility.
When selecting appropriate immunity levels, it is essential to consider criticality criteria based on the effects of specific disturbances These criteria are influenced by the equipment's nature, mission, and its interconnections with other equipment within a subsystem or system For detailed information, refer to section 9.3.
Test uncertainties
Immunity test levels refer to the specific measurements taken during a testing scenario, representing the magnitude of a quantity in a controlled environment Various uncertainties can impact the outcomes of an immunity test, affecting its reliability and accuracy.
– precision and calibration of instrumentation;
– definition of the test environment;
– definition of the item installation.
These uncertainties can be evaluated by checking the reproducibility of a given test when all test requirements are fulfilled.
Criticality criteria
Different levels of criticality can be assessed based on the consequences of an interference The criteria for defining criticality depend on the nature and mission of the item and its related equipment.
– Catastrophic interference: interference which can cause death, major injuries, or extensive damage to equipment, or might lead to other considerable detrimental consequences.
– Critical interference: interference which can result in minor injuries, extensive damage to equipment, or might lead to other important detrimental consequences.
– Major Interference: interference which can result in limited permanent damage to equipment or can lead to other moderate detrimental consequences.
– Minor interference: interference which can cause temporary loss of performance or can have other minor detrimental consequences.
– Inconsequential interference: interference which only causes a loss of performance within tolerances, and does not require human intervention.
– No interference: disturbance does not cause any loss of performance.
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According to these definitions, the severity of a disturbance is influenced not only by the object in question but also by all interactions between that object and its external environment It is important to remember that a minor disturbance for the object may lead to disastrous consequences for the system it is part of, such as a disruption in an aircraft's communication system during the transmission of an urgent message.
In situations where a disruption could be catastrophic or critical, and the ability to subject the device to testing is impacted by significant uncertainties, it may be wise to select immunity test levels that exceed those indicated for the appropriate protection concept Under these circumstances, it is essential to document the rationale for choosing higher immunity test levels.
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The criticality of interference is determined by both the specific item in question and its interactions with the external environment A seemingly minor interference can lead to severe consequences within a system, such as disruptions to an airplane's communication system during the transmission of an urgent message.
In critical situations where interference could lead to catastrophic outcomes or when testing equipment is affected by significant uncertainties, it is advisable to choose immunity test levels that exceed the recommended standards for the relevant protection concept It is essential to document the reasoning behind the decision to select these higher immunity test levels.
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[1] CEI 61000-2-5, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 2: Environnement –
Section 5: Classification des environnements électromagnétiques
[2] CEI 61000-4-23, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 4-23: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Méthodes d'essai pour les dispositifs de protection pour perturbations IEMN-HA et autres perturbations rayonnées 6)
[3] CEI 61000-4-24, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 4: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Section 24: Méthodes d'essai pour les dispositifs de protection pour perturbations conduites IEMN-HA
[4] CEI 61000-5-4, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 5: Guides d'installation et d'atténuation – Section 4: Immunité à l'IEMN-HA – Spécification des dispositifs de protection contre les perturbations rayonnées IEMN-HA
[5] CEI 61000-5-5, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 5: Guides d'installation et d'atténuation – Section 5: Spécification des dispositifs de protection pour perturbations conduites IEMN-HA
[6] CEI 61000-5-6, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) – Partie 5: Guide d'installation et d'atténuation – Section 6: Atténuation des influences électromagnétiques externes (à l'étude)
5) Tous les documents cités dans cette bibliographie sont des publications fondamentales en CEM.
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[1] IEC 61000-2-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2: Environment – Section 5:
[2] IEC 61000-4-23, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques – Test methods for protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbance 6)
[3] IEC 61000-4-24, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 24: Test methods for protective devices for HEMP conducted disturbance
[4] IEC/TR2 61000-5-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 4: Immunity to HEMP – Specification for protective devices against HEMP radiated disturbance
[5] IEC 61000-5-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 5: Specification of protective devices for HEMP conducted disturbance
[6] IEC 61000-5-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 6: Mitigation of external EM influences (under consideration)
5) All of the documents cited in this bibliography are Basic EMC publications.
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