Iec 60076-15-2015.Pdf

IEC 60076 1 5 Edition 2 0 201 5 04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers – Part 1 5 Gas fil led power transformers Transformateurs de puissance – Partie 1 5 Transformateurs de[.]

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CONTENTS

FOREWORD 4

1 Sco e 6

2 Normative referen es 6

3 Terms an definition 7

3.5 Terms, definition , s mb ls an u its relatin to gas an vac um tig tnes 8

4 Service con ition 8

5 Ratin an general req irements

8 5.1 Rated p wer 8

5.1.1 General 8

5.1.2 Prefer ed values of rated p wer 9

5.1 3 Minimum p wer u der alternative co l n modes

9 5.1.4 L adin b yon rated p wer 9

5.2 Co l n mode 9

5.2.1 General 9

5.2.2 Identification s mb ls 10 5.2.3 Tran formers with alternative co l n method 10 5.3 Temp rature-rise l mits 10 5.3.1 Clas ification an in ulation s stem temp rature 10 5.3.2 Normal temp rature-rise l mits 1

5.3.3 Red ced temp rature-rises for tran formers desig ed for hig co l n air temp ratures or sp cial air co l n con ition 1

5.3.4 Hig altitu e temp rature-rise cor ection 1

5.3.5 Red ced temp rature-rise for tran formers desig ed for hig co l n water temp ratures 12 5.3.6 Temp rature rise d rin sp cified lo d c cle 12 5.4 In ulation level 12 5.5 L ad rejection on tran formers directly con ected to a generator 12 5.6 Rated voltage an rated freq en y 12 5.7 Provision for u u ual service con ition 12 5.8 Hig est voltage for eq ipment U m an dielectric tests levels 12 5.9 Ad itional information req ired for en uiry 12 5.10 Comp nents an materials 12 5.1 Req irements for gases an gas tig tnes 13 5.1 1 Req irements for gases 13 5.1 2 Gas tig tnes 13 6 Req irements for tran formers havin a ta p d win in 13 7 Con ection phase displacement s mb ls 13 8 Ratin plates 13 8.1 General 1

3 8.2 Information to b given in al cases 13 8.3 Ad itional information to b given when a plca le 14 9 Safety, en ironmental an other req irements 15 9.1 Safety an en ironmental req irements 1

5

9.1.1 Gas le ks 15

9.1.2 Safety con ideration 15

9.2 Dimen ionin of neutral con ection 16

9.3 Han l n proced re for SF

6 16

9.4 d.c c r ents in neutral circ its 16

9.5 Centre of gravity markin 16

10 Toleran es 16

1 Tests 16

1 1 General req irements for routine, typ an sp cial tests 16

1 1.1 General 16

1 1.2 Routine tests 17

1 1.3 Typ tests 18

1 1.4 Sp cial tests 18

1 2 Me s rement of s ort circ it imp dan e an lo d los 19

1 3 L a testin with pres ure ( ig tnes test 19

1 4 Pres ure tests for tanks 19

1 5 Temp rature-rise test 2

1 5.1 General 2

1 5.2 Cor ection 2

1 6 Me s rement of sou d level 2

1 6.1 General 2

1 6.2 Pres rib d contour 21

12 Electromag etic comp tibi ty (EMC) 21

13 Hig freq en y switc in tran ients 21

14 Earthin terminal 21

15 Information req ired with en uiry an order 21

An ex A (informative) Check l st of information to b provided with en uiry an order 2

A.1 Ratin an general data 2

A.1.1 Normal information 2

A.1.2 Sp cial information 2

A.2 Paral el o eration 2

An ex B (informative) Tran ient lo din – Mathematical model 2

B.1 General 2

B.2 Mathematical model for temp rature distribution in a win in of a gas- i ed p wer tran former – The hot sp t con e t 2

An ex C (informative) Gau es, in icators an relay for gas- i ed p wer tran formers 2

Bibl ogra h 2

Fig re B.1 – Temp rature distribution model 2

Ta le 1 – Clas ification an in ulation s stem temp rature 11 Ta le 2 – Win in temp rature-rise lmits 1

Ta le 3 – Exp nents for the cor ection of temp rature rise test res lts 20 Ta le C.1 – Comp rison of gau es, in icators an relay b twe n gas- i ed p wer tran formers an oi -immersed p wer tran formers 2

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

Part 15: Gas- i led power transformers

1) Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org nizatio for sta d rdizatio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IECis to promote intern tio al

c -o eratio o al q estio s c n ernin sta d rdizatio in th ele tric la d ele tro ic fields To thise d a d in

a ditio to oth r a tivities, IEC p blsh s Intern tio al Sta d rds, Te h ic l Sp cific tio s, Te h ic l Re orts,

Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cific tio s (PAS) a d Guid s (h re fer refer e to as “IEC Pu lc tio (s)”) Th ir

pre aratio is e truste to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio alCommite intereste in th su je t d alt with

ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work.Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n n-g v rnme talorg nizatio slaisin

with th IEC also p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orates closely with th Intern tio al Org nizatio for

Sta d rdizatio (ISO)in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b a re me t b twe n th two org nizatio s

2) Th formal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pres , as n arly as p s ible, a intern tio al

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intereste IEC Natio al Commite s

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rig ts IEC sh l n t b h ld resp nsible for id ntifyin a y or al su h p te t rig ts

International Stan ard IEC 6 0 6-15 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 14: Power

tran formers

This secon edition of IEC 6 0 6-15 can elsan re laces the first editionpubl s edin 2 0 an

con titutes a tec nical revision

The fol owin main tec nical c an es from the first edition are:

– Modified in ac ordan e with the related revised stan ard of IEC 6 0 6-1, IEC 6 0 6-2,

IEC 6 0 6-3 an related items of SF

6

gas in the revised stan ard of “Hig -voltage

switc ge r an controlge r

– Ad ed the clau e “minimum p wer u der alternative co ln modes”

– Ad ed the clau e “safety, en ironmental an other req irements”

– Ad ed the clau e “d.c c r ents in neutral circ its”

– Ad ed the clau e “electromag etic comp tibi ty (EMC)”

– Ad ed the clau e “hig freq en y switc in tran ients”

The text of this stan ard is b sed on the fol owin doc ments:

Ful information on the votin for the a proval of this stan ard can b fou d in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

This publcation has b en drafed in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

A l st of al p rts in the IEC 6 0 6 series, publ s ed u der the general title Powertra sform ers,

can b fou d on the IEC we site

The commit e has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti the

sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/we store.iec.c " in the data related to

the sp cific publ cation At this date, the publ cation wi b

• reconfirmed,

• with rawn,

• re laced by a revised edition, or

• amen ed

POWER TRANSFORMERS –

Part 15: Gas- i led power transformers

This p rt of IEC 6 0 6 a pl es to thre -phase an sin le-phase gas- i ed p wer tran formers

(in lu in auto- ran formers) with the ex e tion of certain categories of smal an sp cial

tran formers s c as:

– sin le-phase tran formers with rated p wer les than 1 kVA an thre -phase tran formers

les than 5 kVA;

– tran formers, whic have no win in s with rated voltage hig er than 1 0 0 V;

– in trument tran formers;

– traction tran formers mou ted on rol n stock;

– startin tran formers;

– testin tran formers;

– weldin tran formers

When IEC stan ard do not exist for s c categories of tran formers (in p rtic lar tran former

havin no win in ex e din 1 0 0 V for in u trial a plcation ), this p rt of IEC 6 0 6 may

sti b a pl ca le either as a whole or in p rt This stan ard do s not ad res the req irements

that would ma e a tran former s ita le for mou tin in a p sition ac es ible to the general

publ c For those categories of p wer tran formers an re ctors whic have their own IEC

stan ard , this p rt is a plca le only to the extent in whic it is sp cifical y cal ed up by

cros -referen e in the other stan ard Su h stan ard exist for:

– re ctors in general (IEC 6 0 6-6);

– self protected tran formers (IEC 6 0 6-13);

– tran formers for win turbine a plcation (IEC 6 0 6-16);

– traction tran formers an traction re ctors (IEC 6 310);

– con erter tran formers for ind strial a pl cation (IEC 613 8-1);

– con erter tran formers for HVDC a pl cation (IEC 613 8-2)

At several places in this p rt it is sp cified or recommen ed that an 'agre ment' s ould b

re c ed con ernin alternative or ad itional tec nical solution or proced res Su h

agre ment is made b twe n the man facturer an the purc aser The mat ers s ould

prefera ly b raised at an e rly stage an the agre ments in lu ed in the contract

sp cification

NOT This sta d rd c n b a plc ble to th g s p rts of a tra sformer in whic a insulatin g s is use with a

insulatin lq id

2 Normativ referenc s

The folowin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively referen ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le for its a pl cation For dated referen es, only the edition cited a pl es For

u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in an amen ments)

a pl es

IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 , Power tra sformers – Part 1: G e neral

IEC 6 0 6-2:2 1 , Power tra sformers – Part 2: Temp erature rise for lqu id-mmerse d

tra sformers

IEC 6 0 6-3, Power tra sformers – Part 3: Insu lato le vels, diele ctric tests a d e tern l

cle ara ce s in air

IEC 6 0 6-5, Powertra sforme rs – Part 5: Ab il y to wihsta d sh rt circuit

IEC 6 0 6-10, Power tra sformers – Part 10 : Determin to of sound le vels

IEC 6 13 , Insulated b ushings for alern tn v lages ab ov 1 000 V

IEC 6 3 6, Spe cificato of tech ical grade sulfur he xafluoride (SF6) for use in ele ctrical

e qu ipme nt

IEC 6 4 0, G uidelne s forth che ckin a d tre tme t ofsu lfur h x flu oride (SF6) ta e from

ele ctrical e u ipme t a d sp cificato foris re-use

IEC 6 2 1-1, High-v lage swichge ara d co trolgear– Part 1: Commo sp cificato s

IEC 6 2 1-4:2 0 , Hig -v lage swich e ra d co trolgear – Part 4: Ha dln procedure s for

su lp ur he xafluoride (SF6) a d is mixture s

3 Terms and definitions

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the fol owin terms an definition a ply

NOT Oth r terms use th me nin s ascrib d toth m in IEC 6 0 6-1, 2, 3, 5 a d 10, or in th IEC 6 0 0 series

g s-insulate tra sformer

minimum gas pres ure (gau e pres ure) at 2 °C, whic is a le to g arante the in ulation of a

gas- i ed p wer tran former

Note 1 to e try: Tra sformer of whic th ma n tic circ it a d win in s arepla e in a e closure or a v s el fi e

with a insulatin lq id su h asp rflu ro arb n, n turalester, sy th tic ester, si c n oi a d v g ta le oi sh uldb

c nsid re a lq id-immerse ty e tra sformer

3.4

design pres ure of tanks

relative pres ure u ed to determine the desig of the tanks

Note 1 toe try: It is at le st e u l to th ma imum pres ure in th ta k at th hig est temp ratureth t th g sc n

re c u d r sp cifie ma imum servic c n itio

maximum p rmis ible a solute le k ge rate of gas at rated fi in pres ure (or den ity)

sp cified by the man facturer, expres ed in Pa m

The rated p wer for e c win in s al either b sp cified by the purc aser or the purc aser

s al provide s f icient information to the man facturer to determine the rated p wer at the

en uiry stage

The tran former s al have an as ig ed rated p wer for e c win in whic s al b mark d on

the ratin plate The rated p wer refers to contin ou lo din This is a referen e value for

g arante s an tests con ernin lo d los es an temp rature rises

If diferent values of a p rent p wer are as ig ed u der diferent circ mstan es, for example,

with diferent method of co l n , the hig est of these values is the rated p wer

A two-win in tran former has only one value of rated p wer, identical for b th win in s

For multi-win in tran formers, the purc aser s al sp cify the req ired p wer-lo din

combination , statin , when neces ary, the active an re ctive outputs se arately

When the tran former has rated voltage a pl ed to a primary win in , an rated c r ent flows

throu h the terminals of a secon ary win in , the tran former receives the relevant rated

p wer for that p ir of win in s

The tran former s al b ca a le of car yin , in contin ou service, the rated p wer ( or a

multi-win in tran former: the sp cified combination(s) of win in rated p wer(s) u der

con ition l sted in Clau e 4 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 an without ex e din the temp rature-rise

l mitation sp cified in 5.3

in ut to th tra sformer – in lu in its own a sorptio of a tiv a d re ctiv p wer Th a p re t p wer th t th

tra sformer d lv rs to th circ it c n e te to th termin ls of th se o d ry win in u d r rate lo din difers

from th rate p wer Th v lta e a ros th se o d ry termin ls difers from rate v lta e b th v lta e dro (or

rise) in th tra sformer.Alowa c for v lta e dro , with re ard to lo d p wer fa tor, is ma e in th sp cific tio of

th rate v lta e a d th ta pin ra g (se Cla se 7 of IEC 6 0 6-8:19 7)

Natio al pra tic s c n b difere t

NOT 2 For a multi-win in tra sformer,h lf th arithmetic sumof th rate p wer v lu sof al win in s (se arate

win in s, n t a to-c n e te ) giv s a ro g estimate of its p ysic l size as c mp re with a two win in

tra sformer

5.1.2 Prefer ed values of rated p wer

Prefer ed values of rated p wer in IEC 6 0 6-1 a ply

5.1.3 Minimum power un er alternative co l n modes

Where the u er has a p rtic lar req irement for a minimum p wer u der a p rtic lar co l n

mode other than the co l n mode for rated p wer, this s al b stated an s bjected to

agre ment b twe n the s p l er an the purc aser in the ten er stage

The tran former s al b ca a le of car yin , in contin ou service, the sp cified minimum

p wer ( or a multi-win in tran former: the sp cified combination(s) of win in rated p wer(s)

u der con ition l sted in Clau e 4 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 , an u der the sp cified co l n mode,

without ex e din the temp rature-rise l mitation sp cified in 5.3

NOT An e ample of this is wh re th tra sformer is re uire to o erate at a p rtic lar minimum p rc nta e of

rate p wer with th forc d c oln o t of servic (GN N) to alow for th los of a xi ary su ply a d larg G A

ratin wi b p sh du th tra sformer c st A minimump rc nta e of rate p wer isd termin d with c nsid ratio

of th c st efe tiv n s

5.1.4 Loading beyon rated p wer

Temp rary lo din b yon name late ratin ca a i ty is s bjected to agre ment b twe n the

s p l er an the purc aser in the ten er stage

NOT 1 Th c n e t of IEC6 0 6-7 c n b a plc ble to th c nsid ratio of th lo din b y n rate p wer of

g s- i e p wer tra sformers, b t c nsta ts a d/or fa tors ma n t b a plc ble

An sp cific req irements for lo din b yon rated p wer, o eration at hig er external co l n

medium temp ratures or red ced temp rature rise lmits s al b sp cified by the purc aser in

the en uiry an the contract An ad itional tests or calc lation req ired to verify compl an e

with these sp cific req irements s al also b sp cified

NOT 2 This o tio is inte d d to b use in p rtic lar to giv a b sis for d sig a d g ara te s c n ernin

temp rary emerg n y lo din of p wer tra sformers

The bu hin s, ta -c an ers, c r ent tran formers an other au i ary eq ipment s al b

selected so as not to restrict the lo din ca a i ty of the tran former

NOT 3 Th rele a t c mp n nt sta d rds IEC 6 13 for b shin s a d IEC 6 214-1 for ta -c a g rs are

c nsulte for th lo din c p bi ty of th se c mp n nts

NOT 4 Th se re uireme ts d n t a ply to tra sformers for sp cial a plc tio s, whic d n t n e a lo din

c p bi ty b y n rate p wer For th se tra sformers, if su h ac p bi ty is re uire , It is sp cifie

5.2 Co l n mode

5.2.1 General

The u er s al sp cify the co l n medium (air or water) If the u er has p rtic lar req irements

for the co l n method(s) or co l n eq ipment, this s al b stated in the en uiry an the

contract

5.2.2 Identification s mbols

Tran formers s al b identified ac ordin to the co l n method employed For gas- i ed

p wer tran formers, this identification is expres ed by a four-let er code as des rib d b low

First let er: Internal co l n medium:

– G: in ulatin gas;

Secon let er: Circ lation mec anism for internal co l n medium:

– N: natural/hermosiphon flow throu h co l n eq ipment an in win in s;

– F: forced circ lation throu h co l n eq ipment (e.g gas blower), thermosiphon flow in

Fourth leter: Circ lation mec anism for external co ln medium:

– N: natural con ection;

– F: forced circ lation ( an , air blowers, water pumps)

5.2.3 Transformers with alternative cool ng method

A tran former may b sp cified with alternative co l n method In this case, the sp cification

an the name late s al then car y information a out the p wer values at whic the tran former

fulfis the temp rature rise l mitation when these alternatives a ply

The p wer value for the alternative with the hig est co l n ca acity is the rated p wer of the

tran former (or of an in ivid al win in of a multi-win in tran former) The alternatives are

con entional y lsted in risin order of co l n ca acity

EX MPLE

GN N/GD F Th tra sformer h s c oln e uipme t with blowers a d fa s b t is also sp cifie with a re u e

p wer-c r yin u d r n tural c oln

NOT Th p rc nta e of n tural c oln c p city to forc d c oln c p city of g s-i e tra sformers is smaler

th n th t of oi-immerse tra sformers It is n t dific lt g n raly in oi-immerse tra sformers to a hie e ONA

c p city as 5 % of th OFAF or OD F c p city But in g s-i e tra sformers, it is sometimes dific lt a d n t

e o omic l to a hie e GN N c p city as 5 % of th GD F c p city Th p rc aser c nsults with th ma ufa turer

a o t n tural c oln c p city to forc d c oln c p city

5.3 Temp rature-rise l mits

5.3.1 Clas ification an ins lation s stem temperature

Tran formers are clas ified by the in ulation s stems s own in Ta le 1

An a proximate value for practical purp ses of hot sp t temp rature can b calc lated by

u in the con e t of An ex B

The a pl cation of in ulatin materials with diferent thermal clas es le d to u con entional

in ulation s stems (se the examples of u con entional in ulation s stems as des rib d in

Clau e 5 of IEC 6 0 6-14:2 13)

Ta le 1 – Clas ification and ins lation s stem temperature

The temp rature rise of e c win in of the tran former, desig ed for o eration at normal

service con ition , s al not ex e d the cor esp n in l mit sp cified in Ta le 2 when tested in

ac ordan e with 1 5

The temp rature of the core, metal c p rts an adjacent materials s al not re c a value that

wi cau e damage to an p rt of the tran former

In most of the gases, the temp rature-rise l mit of gas is hig er than the temp rature-rise l mit

of win in , so that the temp rature-rise l mit of gas is not neces ary to b sp cified If

neces ary, it is s bjected to agre ment b twe n the s p ler an the purc aser

NOT Temp rature-rise me sure in a c rd n e with 1 5

5.3.3 Red ced temperature-rises for tran formers desig ed for hig cool ng air

temp ratures or special air co l ng conditions

Red ced temp rature-rises for tran formers desig ed for hig co l n air temp ratures or

sp cial air co l n con ition in IEC 6 0 6-2 a ply

5.3.4 High altitude temperature-rise cor ection

Unles otherwise agre d b twe n the s p l er an the purc aser, for tran formers desig ed

for o eration at an altitu e gre ter than 1 0 0 m but tested at normal altitu es, the l mits of

temp rature-rise given in Ta le 2 s al b red ced by the fol owin amou ts for e c 5 0 m by

whic the inten ed workin altitu e ex e d 1 0 0 m:

– natural-air-co led tran formers: 2 %;

– forced-air-co led tran formers: 3 %

A cor esp n in reverse cor ection may b a pl ed in cases where the altitu e of the factory is

a ove 1 0 0 m an the altitu e of the in talation site is b low 1 0 0 m

An temp rature-rise cor ection in de en en e on altitu e s al b rou ded to the ne rest

whole n mb r of Kelvin

The influen e of dif erin ambient temp rature or altitu e on the air co l n of the tank is

disregarded for the water-co led tran formers

5.3.5 Red ced temperature-rise for tran formers desig ed for hig cool ng water

temp ratures

Red ced temp rature-rise for tran formers desig ed for hig co l n water temp ratures in

IEC 6 0 6-2 a ply

5.3.6 Temp rature rise during specified load c cle

By agre ment b twe n man facturer an purc aser, temp rature rise l mits can b g arante d

an /or a sp cial test regardin lo d c cle o eration sp cified (se IEC 6 0 6-7)

5.4 Ins lation level

In ulation level des rib d in IEC 6 0 6-3 a ply

5.5 Load rejection on transformers directly connected to a generator

The req irements for tran former con ected directly to generators des rib d in IEC 6 0 6-1

Al comp nents an materials u ed in the con tru tion of the tran former s al comply with the

req irements of the relevant IEC stan ard where they exist u les otherwise agre d or

sp cified In p rtic lar bu hin s s al comply with IEC 6 13 an ta -c an ers s al comply

with IEC 6 214-1 In ulatin gas s al comply with IEC 6 3 6 an 6 4 0 for new an u ed SF

6

or as agre d for other gases

5.1 Requirements for gases and gas tightnes

5.1 1 Req irements for gases

The man facturer s al sp cify the typ an the req ired q antity, q al ty an den ity of the

gas to be u ed in a gas- i ed p wer tran former

The maximum al owa le moisture content within gas- i ed p wer tran former fi ed with gas at

rated gas pres ure s al b s c that the dew-p int is not hig er than – 0 °C for a

me s rement at 2 °C Adeq ate cor ection s al b made for me s rement made at other

temp ratures

NOT 1 A d w p int of –5 °C for me sureme t at 2 °C is a c pta le for th g s-i e c mp rtme ts oth r th n

main ta k

NOT 2 Th re uireme t le el for th p rity of S

6

b fore fi in tra sformers is e u l a d more th n 9 %

NOT 3 For th me sureme t a d d termin tio of th d w p int, se IEC6 3 6 a d IEC 6 4 0

5.1 2 Gas tightnes

IEC 6 2 1-1 gives general rules to the gas tig tnes of hig -voltage switc ge rs This rule can

b a pl ca le to the gas- i ed p wer tran formers

The tig tnes c aracteristic s al b con istent with a minimum maintenan e an in p ction

phi oso h The tig tnes for gas is sp cified by the relative le k ge rate F

rel

The tran former s al b provided with a ratin plate of we therpro f material, fit ed in a visible

p sition, s owin the a pro riate items in icated b low The entries on the plate s al b

in el bly mark d

8.2 Information to be given in al cases

The information l sted b low s al b in lu ed on the ratin plate in al cases

a) Kin of gas- i ed p wer tran former ( or example gas- i ed p wer tran former, gas- i ed

auto- ran former, gas- i ed series tran former, etc.)

b) Numb r of this stan ard

c) Man facturer's name, cou try an town where the tran former was as embled

d) Man facturer's serial n mb r

e) Ye r of man facture

f Numb r of phases.

g) Rated p wer (in kVA or MVA) (For multi-win in tran formers, the rated p wer of e c

win in s al b given The lo din combination s al also b in icated u les the rated

p wer of one of the win in s is the s m of the rated p wers of the other win in s.)

h) Rated freq en y (in Hz)

i) Rated voltages (in V or kV) an ta pin ran e

j) Rated c r ents (in A or kA)

k) Con ection an phase displacement s mb l

l) Short circ it imp dan e, me s red value in p rcentage For multi-win in tran formers,

several imp dan es for dif erent two-win in combination are to b given with the

resp ctive referen e p wer values For tran formers havin a ta p d win in , se also 5.5

an item b) of 8.3 in IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

m) Typ of co l n (If the tran former has several as ig ed co l n method , the resp ctive

p wer values may b expres ed as p rcentages of rated p wer, for example GNAN/GNAF

3 /10 %.)

n) Total mas

o) Mas an typ of in ulatin gas with referen e to the relevant IEC stan ard

p) Maximum s stem s ort circ it p wer or c r ent u ed to determine the tran former with tan

ca a i ty if not infinite

q) In ulation s stem temp rature for e c win in ( or multi-win in tran formers, the

in ulation s stem temp rature of e c win in s ould b given)

r) Rated gas pres ure (in MPa-gau e.)

s) Guarante d minimum gas pres ure (in MPa-gau e)

If the tran former has more than one set of ratin s, de en in up n diferent con ection of

win in s whic have b en sp cifical y al owed for in the desig , the ad itional ratin s s al al

b given on the ratin plate, or se arate ratin plates s al b fit ed for e c set

8.3 Ad itional information to be given when a pl ca le

The information l sted b low s al b in lu ed on the ratin plate when it is a pl ca le to a

p rtic lar tran former

a) For tran formers havin one or more win in s with 'hig est voltage for eq ipment' U

m

eq al to or a ove 3,6 kV:

– s ort notation of in ulation levels (with tan voltages) as des rib d in IEC 6 0 6-3

b) Ta pin desig ation

– For tran formers with hig est rated voltage les than or eq al to 7 ,5 kV an with rated

p wer les than or eq al to 2 MVA ( hre phase) or 6,7 MVA (sin le phase) havin a

ta pin ran e not ex e din ± %, ta pin voltages on the ta p d win in for al

ta pin s

– For al other tran formers

• a ta le statin ta pin voltage an maximum al owa le ta pin service voltage,

ta pin c r ent, ta pin p wer, an internal con ection for al ta pin s,

• a ta le s owin the s ort circ it imp dan e values for the prin ip l ta pin an at

le st the extreme ta pin s in % with the referen e p wer

c) Guarante d maximum temp rature rises of to gas an win in s (if not normal values)

When a tran former is inten edfor in tal ation at hig altitu e, the altitu e, p wer ratin an

temp rature rise at that altitu e s al b in icated on the name late together withone of the

fol owin :

– If the tran former is desig ed for in tal ation at hig altitu e, the (red ced) temp rature

rise for rated p wer u der normal external co ln medium temp rature con ition

– If the tran former is desig ed for normal external co l n medium temp rature

con ition , the rated p wer for g arante d temp rature rise u der normal external

co l n medium temp rature con ition

d) Con ection diagram (in cases where the con ection s mb l wi not give complete

information regardin the internal con ection ) If the con ection can b c an ed in ide

the tran former, this s al b in icated either on the same plate, a se arate plate or with

d pl cate or reversible ratin plates The con ection fited at delvery s al b in icated

Where non-l ne r resistors or fu es are employed within the tran former, the location an

con ection of s c eq ipment s al b s own on the con ection diagram plate with terminal

markin s An in ication of an bui t in c r ent tran formers when u ed s al b presented

on the diagram

e) Tran p rtation mas (if dif erent from total mas )

f Untankin mas ( or tran formers ex e din 5 t total mas )

g) Vac um with tan ca a i ty of the tank, ta -c an ers an co ln eq ipment

h) For multi-win in tran formers, an restriction on p wer-lo din combination

i) For tran formers eq ip ed with win in temp rature in icators (WTI), the setin s for e c

WTI This is normal y the dif eren e b twe n the win in hot sp t temp rature at rated

p wer an the to gas temp rature calc lated from temp rature rise test res lts If more

than one co ln method is sp cified, dif erent set ing may b req ired for e c co l n

method

j) For al c r ent tran formers in tal ed in ide the tran former, the location, ratio(s), ac urac

clas an rated output (VA ratin ) of the c r ent tran former

k) Minimum temp rature of co l n medium if not – °C for in o r tran formers or – 5 °C for

outdo r tran formers

Plates with identification an c aracteristic of au i ary eq ipment ac ordin to stan ard for

s c comp nents (bu hin s, ta -c an ers, c r ent tran formers, sp cial co l n eq ipment

s al b provided either on the comp nents themselves or on the tran former

9 Safety, e vironme tal and other requirements

9.1 Safety and en ironmental requirements

9.1.1 Gas le ks

Tran former man facturers s al con ider the efective containment of the gas of the

tran former an ta e ef ective me s res to prevent le k ge Con ideration s al b given to

the lon term p rforman e of items s c as:

– joint desig ;

– gask t materials;

– weld ;

– cor osion prevention

Tran formers s al b desig ed to b le k fre an an le k ge fou d on site at the en of

commis ionin s al b cor ected by the resp n ible s p l er

9.1.2 Safety considerations

The man facturer s al con ider the safety of o erators an maintenan e staf in the desig of

the tran former in p rtic lar the fol owin asp cts:

– ac es ibi ty to p rts with hig temp ratures;

– ac es ibi ty of l ve p rts;

– ac es ibi ty of movin p rts;

– l fin an han l n provision ;

– safety d rin on site gas es han l n ;

– ac es for maintenan e, where maintenan e is req ired;

– workin at heig t

Where in tal ation may afect an of the a ove, s ita le in tal ation in tru tion s al b

provided with the tran former

NOT 1 ISO 1412 series is c nsulte wh re la d rs, platormsa d simiar me ns of a c s arepro id d with th

s ould b han led in a closed c cle, to avoid an delb rate rele se to the en ironment

Amon al the volu tary initiatives, gas recovery an reu e have the hig est priority

For the develo ment, man facturin , in tal ation, o eration, maintenan e an en -of l fe

disp sal of electric p wer eq ipment uti sin SF

6, state-of the-art tec nologies an

proced res are a pl ed to minimize SF

Tran formers s al b s bjected to tests as sp cified b low

Tests other than temp rature rise tests s al b made at an external co l n medium

temp rature betwe n 10 °C an 4 °C Se 1 5 for temp rature rise tests

Tests s al b made at the man facturer's works, u les otherwise agre d b twe n the

man facturer an the purc aser

Al external comp nents an fit in s that are lk ly to afect the p rforman e of the tran former

d rin the test s al b in place

If the tran former can ot b mou ted in its inten ed o eratin con ition for testin ( or example

if the tran former is fited with test tur ets an test bu hin s or the ar an ement of co l n

eq ipment can ot b mou ted in the in-service p sition, d rin the relevant factory test , an

agre ment s al b fou d b twe n man facturer an purc aser b fore the commen ement of

tests If there are an l mitation known at the ten er stage, these s al b made cle r by the

man facturer

Ta p d win in s s al b con ected on their prin ip l ta pin , u les the relevant test clau e

req ires otherwise or u les the man facturer an the purc aser agre otherwise

The test b sis for al c aracteristic other than in ulation is the rated con ition, u les the test

clau e states otherwise

Al me s rin s stems u ed for the tests s al have certified, trace ble ac urac an b

s bjected to p riodic cal bration

Sp cific req irements on the ac urac an verification of the me s rin s stems are des rib d

in IEC 6 0 0 series an IEC 6 0 6-8

Al me s rements an tests req irin p wer freq en y s p ly s al b p rformed with the

s p ly freq en y within 1 % of the rated freq en y of the tran former The waves a e of the

s p ly voltage s al b s c that the total harmonic content do s not ex e d 5 % If this

con ition is not satisfied then the efect of the waves a e on the me s red p rameter s al b

evaluated by the man facturer an s bject to a proval by the purc aser L s me s rements

s ould not b cor ected downward to ac ou t for harmonic in the s p ly voltage ex e t as

al owed in 1 5 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 Where a thre -phase s p ly is u ed, the s p ly voltage

s al b s mmetrical The maximum voltage acros e c phase win in u der test s al not

dif er from the minimum voltage by more than 3 %

An ina i ty of the man facturer to p rform the test or me s rement at the rated freq en y

s al b stated by the man facturer at the ten er stage an a pro riate con ersion factors

agre d

The folowin lst of tests is not in an sp cific order If the purc aser req ires the tests

p rformed in a p rtic lar order, this s al b in lu ed in the en uiry

1 1.2 Routine tests

1 1.2.1 General

Routine tests l sted in 1 1.2.2 s al b a pl ed to al tran formers, an ad itional routine tests

l sted in 1 1.2.3 s al b a pl ed to tran formers with U

m

> 7 ,5 kV

1 1.2.2 Routine test for al tran formers

a) Me s rement of win in resistan e (IEC 6 0 6-1)

b) Me s rement of voltage ratio an c eck of phase displacement (IEC 6 0 6-1)

c) Me s rement of s ort circ it imp dan e an lo d los (1 2)

d) Me s rement of no-lo d los an c r ent (IEC 6 0 6-1)

e) Dielectric routine tests (IEC 6 0 6-3)

f Tests on on-lo d ta -c an ers, where a pro riate (IEC 6 0 6-1)

g) Tig tnes tests for tanks (1 3)

h) Pres ure tests for tanks (1 4)

i) Check of the ratio an p larity of bui t in c r ent tran formers (IEC 6 0 6-1)

j) Check of core an frame in ulation for gas- i ed p wer tran formers with core or frame

in ulation (IEC 6 0 6-1)

1 1.2.3 Additional routine tests for transformers with U

m

> 7 ,5 kV

a) Determination of ca acitan es win in s- o-e rth an b twe n win in s (IEC 6 0 6-1)

b) Me s rement of d.c in ulation resistan e b twe n e c win in to e rth an b twe n

win in s (IEC 6 0 6-1)

c) Me s rement of dis ip tion factor ( an δ) of the in ulation s stem ca acitan es

(IEC 6 0 6-1)

d) Me s rement of dis olved gas es in in ulatin gas from main- ran former comp rtment

ex e t diverter switc comp rtment, ca le he d comp rtment an gas-in ulated

switc ge r (GIS) stru ture comp rtment

e) Me s rement of no-lo d los an c r ent at 9 % an 1 0 % of rated voltage

(IEC 6 0 6-1)

1 1.3 Typ tests

a) Temp rature-rise typ test (1 5)

b) Dielectric typ tests (IEC 6 0 6-3)

c) Determination of sou d level (1 6) for e c method of co ln for whic a g arante d

sou d level is sp cified (IEC 6 0 6-1)

d) Me s rement of the p wer ta en by the fan an gas blower motors

e) Me s rement of no-lo d los an c r ent at 9 % an 1 0 % of rated voltage

(IEC 6 0 6-1)

1 1.4 Sp cial tests

a) Dielectric sp cial tests (IEC 6 0 6-3)

b) Determination of ca acitan es win in s- o-e rth, an b twe n win in s (IEC 6 0 6-1)

c) Me s rement of dis ip tion factor ( an δ ) of the in ulation s stem ca acitan es

(IEC 6 0 6-1)

d) Determination of tran ient voltage tran fer c aracteristic (An ex B of IEC 6 0 6-3:2 13)

e) Me s rement of zero-seq en e imp dan e(s) on thre -phase tran formers (IEC 6 0 6-1)

f Short circ it with tan test (IEC 6 0 6-5)

g) Me s rement of d.c in ulation resistan e e c win in to e rth an b twe n win in s

(IEC 6 0 6-1)

h) Me s rement of freq en y resp n e (Freq en y Resp n e Analy is or FRA) The test

proced re s al b agre d b twe n man facturer an purc aser (IEC 6 0 6-1)

i) Check of external co tin (ISO 217 an ISO 2 0 or as sp cified)

j) Me s rement of dis olved gas es in in ulatin gas from main- ran former comp rtment

ex e t diverter switc comp rtment, ca le he d comp rtment an gas-in ulated

switc ge r (GIS) stru ture comp rtment

k) Mec anical test or as es ment of tank for s ita i ty for tran p rt ( o c stomer

sp cification) (IEC 6 0 6-1)

l) Determination of weig t with tran former ar an ed for tran p rt For tran formers up to 1,6

MVA by me s rement For larger tran formers by me s rement or calc lation as agre d

b twe n man facturer an purc aser (IEC 6 0 6-1)

Other tests for tran formers may b defined in the sp cific doc ments for sp cial zed

tran formers s c as dry- yp , self protected an other groups

NOT Alth u h “win in h t sp t temp rature-rise me sureme ts” is lste in 1 1.4 b) of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 , in

this sta d rd, dire t me sureme t (e.g o tic l fibre se sors) is n t re omme d d d e to c n erns a o t g s

le k g Win in h tsp t temp rature-rise wi b d termin d b c lc latio d scrib d in 7.10.2 of

IEC 6 0 6-2:2 1

If test method are not pres rib d in this stan ard, or if tests other than those l sted a ove are

sp cified in the contract, s c test method are s bject to agre ment

1 2 Me s rement of s ort circ it impedance an load los

The test des rib d in IEC 6 0 6-1 a pl es

The referen e temp rature of the s ort circ it imp dan e an lo d los s al b

– 7 °C for an in ulation s stem temp rature of 10 °C;

– average win in temp rature-rise lmits K in Ta le 2 plu 2 °C for other in ulation s stem

temperatures

NOT Refere c temp raturewith a insulatio systemof clas 2 0or a o e are su je te to a re me t b twe n

th su pler a d th p rc aser

When a tran former has win in s of diferent in ulation s stem temp ratures, the referen e

temp rature relatin to the win in havin the hig er in ulation s stem temp rature s al b

u ed

1 3 Le k testing with pres ure ( ig tnes test

IEC 6 2 1-1 gives a general test method of the gas tig tnes of hig -voltage switc ge rs

This method can b a pl ca le to the gas- i ed p wer tran formers

The purp se of the tig tnes tests is to demon trate that the a solute le k ge rate F do s not

ex e d the sp cified value of the p rmis ible le k ge rate F

p

Where p s ible, the tests s ould b p rformed at normal ambient temp rature on a complete

s stem fi ed at rated gas pres ure If this is not practical, the tests may b p rformed on p rts,

comp nents or s b-as embl es In s c cases, the le k ge rate of the total s stem s al b

determined by s mmation of the comp nent le k ge rates The p s ible le k ge b twe n

s b-as embl es of dif erent pres ures s al also b ta en into ac ou t

In general, only c mulative le k ge me s rements alow calc lation of le k ge rates Due to

comp ratively smal le k ge rates of these s stems, pres ure dro me s rements are not

a pl ca le Other method s c as halogen detectors may b u ed to me s re the le k ge

rate If the test o ject is fi ed with a test gas diferent from the gas u ed in service an /or at a

test pres ure diferent from the normal o eratin pres ure, cor ective factors agre d b twe n

man facturer an purc aser s al b u ed for calc lation

The test re ort s ould in lu e s c information as

– a des ription of the o ject u der test, in lu in its internal volume an the nature of the

fi in gas;

– the pres ures an temp ratures recorded at the b gin in an en of the test;

– an in ication of the cal bration of the meters u ed to detect le k ge rates;

– the res lts of the me s rements;

– if a pl ca le, the test gas an the cor ective factor to as es the res lts

1 4 Pres ure tests for tanks

Pres ure test s al b made on al tanks The stan ard test pres ure s al b k times the tank

desig pres ure, where the k factor is

– 1,3 for welded ste l an alumin m tanks;

– 2,0 for cast ste l an alumin m tanks

NOT 1 Se IEC 6 2 1-2 3

NOT 2 Th k fa tor is a plc ble to ta ks with b th b lte a d weld d c v r

The test pres ure me s red by the pres ure gau e s al b maintained for at le st 1,0 min No

rupture or p rmanent deformation s ould oc ur d rin the test

Atention is drawn to the safety is ue d rin the test an water is recommen ed to b u ed for

the test on the tank with cover

NOT 3 If th re is lo al re ulatio rele a t to th pres ure v s el it is to b a ple to k fa tor

1 5 Temp rature-rise test

1 5.1 General

The test des rib d in IEC 6 0 6-2 a pl es with re lacin l q id with gas

1 5.2 Cor ections

The gas temp rature rises over the external co l n medium temp rature at the s utdown (of

the test p wer) s al b multipl ed by:

los estotal

The average win in temp rature rise over average gas temp rature at the s utdown (of the

test p wer) s al b multipl ed by:

c rr ent

r ated

The exp nents to b a pl ed are given in Ta le 3 in ac ordan e with the tran former typ an

co l n s stem

The cor ection made u in the exp nent of the mentioned ta le are con ervative an inten ed

only for re ortin the temp rature rise d rin a test in ste d state con ition p rformed within

1 6.2 Pres ribed contour

For me s rement made with forced air co l n an forced gas co l n au i aries (if an , e.g

fan, gas blower) out of service, the pres rib d contour s al b sp ced 0,3 m away from the

prin ip l radiatin s rface

For me s rement made with forced air co l n or forced gas co ln au i aries in service, the

pres rib d contour s al b sp ced 2 m away from the prin ip l radiatin s rface

The fol owin information s al b given in al cases:

a) Partic lars of the sp cification to whic the tran former s al comply

b) Kin of tran former, for example, se arate win in tran former, auto- ran former or series

tran former

i) Rated p wer for e c win in an , for ta pin ran e ex e din ± %, the sp cified

maximum c r ent ta pin , if a pl ca le If the tran former is sp cified with alternative

method of co ln , the resp ctive lower p wer values are to b stated together with the

rated p wer (whic refers to the most eficient co l n )

j) Rated voltage for e c win in

k) For a tran former with ta pin s (se 6.4 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 ):

– whether ‘de-energized' or 'on-lo d' ta -c an in is req ired;

– an req irements for fixin the ratio of turn b twe n two p rtic lar win in s on a more

than two win in tran former;

– whether an ta pin or ran e of ta pin s can b red ced p wer ta pin s;

– the n mb r of ta pin ste s an the size of the ta pin ste or the ta pin ran e;

– direction of p wer flow (can b b th direction );

– whic voltage s al vary for the purp se of definin rated ta pin voltage;

– minimum ful lo d p wer factor

l) Hig est voltage for eq ipment (U

m) for e c win in l ne an neutral terminals (with

resp ct to in ulation, se IEC 6 0 6-3)

m) Method of s stem e rthin ( or e c win in )

n) In ulation level an dielectric test levels (se IEC 6 0 6-3), for e c win ing l ne an

neutral terminals

o) Con ection s mb l an neutral terminal req irements for e c win in

p) An p c l arities of in tal ation, as embly, tran p rt an han l n Restriction on

dimen ion an mas

q) Detai s of au i ary s p ly voltage ( or fan an gas blowers, ta -c an er, alarms, etc.)

r) Fit in s req ired an an in ication of the side from whic meters, ratin plates, etc s al

b legible

s) For multi-win in tran formers, req ired p wer-lo din combination , statin , when

neces ary, the active an re ctive outputs se arately, esp cial y in the case of multi

win in auto- ran formers

t Guarante d maximum temp rature rise information

u) Un s al service con ition (se Clau e 4 an 5.5 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 )

v) Detai s of typ an ar an ement of terminals, for example air bu hin s or ca le b x or gas

in ulated bu b r

w) Whether the core an frame con ection s ould b brou ht out for external e rthin

x) Vac um with tan of the tran former tank

y) L cal reg lation relevant to pres ure ves el

b) Whether a sta i zin win in is req ired an , if so, the method of e rthin

c) Short circ it imp dan e, or imp dan e ran e (se An ex C of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 ) For

multi-win in tran formers, an imp dan es that are sp cified for p rtic lar p irs of

win in s ( ogether with relevant referen e ratin s if p rcentage values are given)

d) Toleran es on voltage ratios an s ort circ it imp dan es as lef to agre ment in Ta le 1 of

IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 , or deviatin from values given in the ta le

e) If a tran former has alternative win in con ection , how they s ould b c an ed, an

whic con ection is req ired ex works

f Short circ it c aracteristic of the con ected s stems (expres ed as s ort circ it p wer or

c r ent, or s stem imp dan e data) an p s ible l mitation afectin the tran former

desig (se IEC 6 0 6-5)

g) Detai s of sou d-level req irements, g arante s, an sp cial me s rements (se

IEC 6 0 6-10)

h) An sp cial tests not refer ed to a ove whic are req ired by the purc aser

i) L s evaluation information or maximum los es

j) An ph sical size lmitation , for example for in tal ation on an existin fou dation or in a

bui din Sp cial in talation sp ce restriction whic may influen e the in ulation

cle ran es an terminal location on the tran former

k) Ship in size an weig t l mitation Minimum ac eleration with tan values if hig er than

sp cified in 5.7.4.2 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

l) Tran p rt an storage con ition not covered by normal con ition des rib d in 5.7.4 an

4.2 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

m) An p rtic lar maintenan e req irements or l mitation

n) Whether a dis on ection c amb r is req ired for direct ca le con ection

o) Whether faci ties for con ition monitorin are req ired (se An ex C)

p) An p rtic lar en ironmental con ideration regardin the imp ct of the tran former on the

en ironment that s al b ta en into ac ou t in the tran former desig , se An ex G of

IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 Esp cial y, SF

6

s ould b han led in a closed c cle, to avoid an

del b rate rele se to the en ironment Amon al the volu tary initiatives, gas recovery an

reu e have the hig est priority, se 9.3

q) An p rtic lar he lth an safety con ideration that s al b ta en into ac ou t in the

tran former desig regardin man facture, in tal ation, o eration, maintenan e an

disp sal, se An ex G of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

r) Un s al electrical o eratin con ition as fol ows:

1) whether a tran former is to b con ected to a generator directly or throu h

switc ge r, an whether it wi b s bjected to lo d rejection con ition an an

sp cial lo d rejection con ition

2) whether lo d c r ent wave s a e wi b he vi y distorted Whether u b lan ed

thre -phase lo din is anticip ted In b th cases, detai s to b given

3) whether a tran former is to b con ected directly or by a s ort len th of overhe d l ne

to gas-in ulated switc ge r (GIS)

4) whether tran formers wi b s bjected to freq ent overc r ents, for example, furnace

tran formers an traction fe din tran formers

5) detais of inten ed reg lar c cl c overlo din other than covered by 5.1.4 of

IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 ( o ena le the ratin of the tran former au i ary eq ipment to b

esta ls ed)

6) u b lan ed a.c voltages, or de arture of a.c s stem voltages from a s bstantial y

sin soidal wave form

7) lo d in olvin a normal harmonic c r ents s c as those that may res lt where

a precia le lo d c r ents are control ed by sol d-state or simi ar devices Su h

harmonic c r ents can cau e ex es ive los es an a normal he tin

8) sp cified lo din con ition (kVA outputs, win in lo d p wer factors, an win in

voltages) as ociated with multi-win in tran formers an autotran formers

9) ex itation ex e din either 1 0 % rated voltage or 1 0 % rated V/Hz

10) plan ed s ort circ its as a p rt of reg lar o eratin or relayin practice

1 ) u u ual s ort circ it a pl cation con ition diferin from those in IEC 6 0 6-5

12) u u ual voltage con ition in lu in tran ient overvoltages, resonan e, switc in

s rges, etc whic may req ire sp cial con ideration in in ulation desig

13) u u ual y stron mag etic field It s ould b noted that solar-mag etic disturb n es

can res lt in tel uric c r ents in tran former neutrals

14) large tran formers with hig -c r ent bu b r ar an ements It s ould b noted that

hig -c r ent isolated phase bu d cts with ac omp n in stron mag etic field may

cau e u anticip ted circ latin c r ents in tran former tanks, covers, an in the bu

d cts The los es res ltin from these u anticip ted c r ents may res lt in ex es ive

temp ratures when cor ective me s res are not in lu ed in the desig

15) p ral el o eration It s ould b noted that whi e p ral el o eration is not u u ual, it is

ad isa le that u ers ad ise the man facturer when p ral el n with other tran formers

is plan ed an identify the tran formers in olved

16) reg lar freq ent energisation in ex es of 2 times p r ye r

17) freq ent s ort circ its

s) Un s al ph sical en ironmental con ition

1) altitu e a ove se -level, if in ex es of 1 0 0 m (3 3 0 f )

2) p cial external co ln medium temp rature con ition , outside the normal ran e (se

4.2 b) of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1 ), or restriction to circ lation of co l n air

3) exp cted seismic activity at the in tal ation site whic req ires sp cial con ideration

4) damagin fumes of va ours, ex es ive or a rasive d st, explosive mixtures of d st or

gas es, ste m, salt spray, ex es ive moisture, or drip in water, etc

5) a normal vibration, titin , or s ock

A.2 Paral el operation

If p ral el o eration with existin tran formers is req ired, this s al b stated an the folowin

information on the existin tran formers given:

a) Rated p wer

b) Rated voltage ratio

c) Voltage ratios cor esp n in to ta pin s other than the prin ip l ta pin

d) L ad los at rated c r ent on the prin ip l ta pin , cor ected to the a pro riate referen e

temp rature, se 1 1 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

e) Short circ it imp dan e on the prin ip l ta pin an on the extreme ta pin s, if the voltage

on the extreme ta pin s is more than 5 % diferent to the prin ip l ta pin Imp dan e on

other ta pin s if avai a le

f Diagram of con ection , or con ection s mb l, or b th

On multi-win in tran formers, s p lementary information wi general y b req ired

Annex B

(informativ )

Transient loading – Mathematical model

B.1 Ge eral

The res lt from a temp rature-rise test to ste d state, ac ordin to 1 5, may b u ed for an

estimate of ste d -state temp rature-rise at a dif erent lo din , an also for an estimate of

tran ient temp rature-rise (if the thermal time-con tants of the tran former are known)

For smal an medium-size tran formers s c estimates are p rformed ac ordin to a

con entional mathematical model whic is des rib d in Clau e B.2 b low

The val dity of this model for an p rtic lar large tran former is, however, not so certain as for

tran formers of lower rated p wer When lo d a i ty analy is is to b p rformed, for example,

con ernin emergen y lo din a ove rated p wer, it is ad isa le to o tain relevant data for the

actual tran former One way is to con u t sp cial testin with tran ient lo d in ex es of rated

p wer Recommen ation for a s ita le test proced re an for the as ociated me s rements

an o servation are presented in IEC 6 0 6-2

B.2 Mathematical model for temperature distribution in a winding of a gas-fil ed

power transformer – The hot-spot concept

Co ln gas enters the b tom of the win in an is at 'b t om gas temp rature' It p s es

upward throu h the win in an its temp rature is as umed to rise l ne rly with the heig t

The win in los es are tran fer ed from the win in to the gas al alon the win in This he t

tran fer req ires a temp rature dro b twe n win in an s r ou din gas whic is as umed

to b the same at al levels of heig t In the gra hic presentation, Fig re B.1, the win in

temp rature an the gas temp rature wi therefore a p ar as two p ral el l nes

The maximum temp rature oc ur in in an p rt of the win in in ulation s stem is cal ed the

'hot sp t temp rature' This p rameter is as umed to re resent the thermal l mitation of lo din

of the tran former As a general rule other p rts of the tran former, for example, bu hin s,

c r ent tran formers or ta c an ers, s ould b selected so as not to re resent an nar ower

restriction of the lo d a i ty of the tran former, se 5.1.4 of IEC 6 0 6-1:2 1

Toward the up er en of the win in there is u ual y a con entration of ed y c r ent los es

an the win in may b provided with extra electrical in ulation whic in re ses the thermal

in ulation The actual local temp rature diferen e b twe n con u tor an gas is therefore

as umed to b hig er by the ‘hot sp t factor’ This factor is as umed to b from 1,1 in

distribution tran formers to 1,3 in medium size p wer tran formers In large tran formers there

is con idera le variation de en in on desig , an the man facturer s ould b con ulted for

information, u les actual me s rements are car ied out

The ste d -state temp rature diferen e b twe n win in an gas, average alon the win in ,

is ta en as the diferen e b twe n [resistan e-me s red win in average temp rature] an

[average gas temp rature] se 7.4 an 7.6 in IEC 6 0 6-2:2 1 resp ctively with the

tran lation of l q id to gas

The ste d -state hot sp t temp rature-rise a ove external cool n medium temp rature (air or

water) is the s m of [o gas temp rature-rise a ove co l n medium temp rature] an

[hot sp t factor] × [average temp rature dif eren e win in - o-gas]

Annex C

(informativ )

Gauges, indicators and relays for gas- i led power transformers

This an ex comp res g ug s, in icator an relays as s own Ta le C.1 for gas- i ed p wer

tran formers to oi-immersed p wer tran formers The actual g ug s, in icator an relays

provided s al b agre d b twe n man facturer an purc aser an wi de en on the size an

critical ty of the gas- i ed p wer tran former

Further g idan e is contained in CIGRE broc ure 4 5 Ap en ix 2: Fe ruary 2 1

Ta le C.1 – Comparison of gauges, in icators and relay betwe n

gas- i ed power transformers and oi -immersed power transformers

Gas- i e p wer tra sformer Oi-immerse p wer tra sformer

Su d n g s pres ure rela for OLTC

Ra id pres ure rise rela

(Fa lt g s rela , fa lt pres ure rela , a d su d n

Su d n g s pres ure rela for main ta k

Win in temp rature in ic tor Win in temp rature in ic tor

Pres ure relef d vic (Se NOT 1) Pres ure relef d vic

NOT 1 Pres ure relef d vic s are n t re omme d d to a ply o g s-i e tra sformer ta ksb c use pres ure

in re se in g s- i e p wer tra sformer isv ry smal wh n intern l fa lt o c rs

NOT 2 Alth u h b c h lz rela s are a ple o oi-immerse p wer tra sformers, th re aren rela swhic h s

simiar fu ctio s for g s-i e p wer tra sformers

Bibl ography

IEC 6 0 4 (al p rts), Instru me t tra sformers

IEC 6 0 0, Inte rn to alEle ctrote ch ical Vocab ulary (avai a le at www.electro edia.org)

IEC 6 0 1 (al p rts) , Insu lato co-ordin to

IEC 6 0 6-6, Powertra sformers – Part 6: Re ctors

IEC 6 0 6-7, Powe r tra sformers – Part 7: Lo din gu ide for oi immerse d p wer tra sform ers

IEC 6 0 6-1 , Powe r tra sforme rs – Part 1 : Dry-y e tra sformers

IEC 6 0 6-13, Power tra sformers – Part 13: Self-p rotected lquid-fi ed tra sforme rs

IEC 6 0 6-14:2 13, Power tra sform ers – Part 14: Liqu id-mmersed p ower tra sform ers usin

high-emp erature insulato materials

IEC 6 0 6-16, Power tra sformers – Part 16: Tra sformers for wind turb in ap plcato s

IEC 6 0 5, Ele ctrical insulato – Th rmal e alu ato a d designato

IEC 6 214-1, Tap -ch n ers – Part 1: Performa ce re uireme nts a d test meth ds

IEC 6 310, Raiwa ap p licato s – Tracto tra sforme rs a d inductors o b oard rol n stock

IEC 6 7 1-3-4, Clas ificato ofe viro me tal co di o s – Part 3: Clas ificato of grou p s of

n n-we ath rprotected locato s

IEC/TR 6 9 3, G uida ce co ce rnin th p e rmis ib le tem p erature rise for p rts of electrical

e u ip me t, in p artcu larfortermin ls

IEC 613 8-1, Co v rter tra sforme rs – Part 1: Tra sforme rs for industrial a p licato s

IEC 613 8-2, Co v rtor tra sforme rs – Part 2: Tra sforme rs for HVDC ap plcato s

IEC 6 2 1-2 3, High-v lage swichgear a d co trolg ar – Part 2 3: G as-nsulate d

metale closed swich e r for rated v lage s ab ov 5 kV

ISO 217 , No -ma n tc co tngs o magnetc sub strates – Me sureme t ofco tn thick es

– Ma n tc meth d

ISO 2 0 , Paints a d v rnish s – Cros -cu t test

ISO 1412 (al p rts), Safety of machin ry – Perma e nt me ans of ac es to machine ry

CIGRE broc ure 4 5: Fe ruary 2 1

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

5.3.3 Réd ction des éc auf ements dan le cas de tran formateurs prév s

p ur u e temp rature élevé de l air de refroidis ement ou p ur des

con ition sp ciales de refroidis ement p r air 41

5.3.4 Cor ection d’éc auf ement prév e p ur des altitu es élevé s 41

5.3.5 Réd ction des éc auf ements dan le cas de tran formateurs prév s

p ur u e temp rature élevé de le u de refroidis ement 41

et nive u d'es ais diélectriq es 4

5.9 Information s p lémentaires exigé s p ur la p l d’ofres 4

5.10 Comp sants et matériau 42

5.1 Exigen es relatives au gaz et à l étan héité au gaz 42

5.1 1 Exigen es relatives au gaz 4

8.2 Information devant être fournies dan tou les cas 43

8.3 Information s p lémentaires devant être don é s le cas éc é nt 44

9 Exigen es de séc rité, exigen es en iron ementales et autres exigen es 4

9.1 Exigen es de séc rité et exigen es en iron ementales 4

9.1.1 Fuites de gaz 45

9.1.2 Con idération relatives à la séc rité 4

9.2 Dimen ion ement de la con exion de neutre 4

9.3 Procéd re de manipulation d SF

6 4

9.4 Courants contin s dan les circ its de neutre 4

9.5 Marq age d centre de gravité 4

1 2 Mes re de l mp dan e de court circ it et des p rtes d es à la c arge 4

1 3 Es ai de fuite avec pres ion (es ai d'étan héité) 49

1 4 Es ais de pres ion p ur les c ves 5

15 Information exigé s à l a p l d'of res et à la comman e 51

An exe A (informative) Liste de contrôle des information devant être fournies avec

l a p l d’ofres et la comman e 52

A.1 Caractéristiq es as ig é s et don é s générales 5

A.1.1 Information normales 5

A.1.2 Information sp ciales 5

A.2 Fon tion ement en p ral èle 55

An exe B (informative) Charge tran itoire – Modèle mathématiq e 5

B.1 Général tés 5

B.2 Modèle mathématiq e de distribution de temp rature dan u enroulement

de tran formateur de puis an e à isolation gazeu e – Con e t de p int

c au 5

An exe C (informative) Jau es, in icateurs et relais des tran formateurs de

puis an e à isolation gazeu e 5

Bibl ogra hie 6

Fig re B.1 – Modèle de distribution de temp rature 5

Ta le u 1 – Clas ification et temp rature d s stème d’solation 4

Ta le u 2 – Limites d’éc auf ement des enroulements 41

Ta le u 3 – Exp sants p ur les cor ection des rés ltats d'es ai d'éc aufement 51