Bsi bs en 50647 2017

the employer s al as es al ris s for workers arisin fom elect romag etic field at t he workplace an , if neces ar y, me s re or calc late t he levels of elect romag etic field t o w hic

Basic standard for the evaluation ofwor kers'

National foreword

This British Stan ard is the UK implementation of EN 5 647 :2 1

The UK p rticip tion in it pr p ration was entrust ed t o Te hnical

Committ ee GEL/ 10 , Human ex osur t o low fr q ency and high

fr q ency ele troma netic radiation

A l s of org nizations r pr sent ed on this committ ee can be o tained on

r q es t o it se r tary

This publ cation does not purp rt t o inclu e al the ne es ary pro isions

of a contract Use s ar r sponsible for it cor e t a plcation

© The British Stan ards Ins itution 2 1

Publshed b BSI Stan ards Limit ed 2 1

ISBN 9 8 05 0 9 2 2 1

ICS 1 2 0.2 ;1 240

Compl ance with a British Standard cannot co fer immunity from

le al o lg tio s

This British Stan ard was publ shed u de the a uthority of the

Stan ards Polcy an Strat eg C mmitt ee on 3 July 2 1

Amendments /cor ig en a is ued since publ catio

Basic st andard for t he evaluat ion of work ers' exposure t o elec t ric

and magnet ic fields f om equipment and inst al at ions for t he

produc t ion, t ransmission and dist ribut ion of elec t ric it y

Norme fo d me t ale p ur lév alu t io d le p sit io d s

trav ai e rs a x c amp éle t riq e et ma n tiq e pro uits

p r le é uip me ts et in t alat io s d pro u t io ,tra s ort

et dist rib tio d'éle tricité

Ba is orm für die Ev aluieru g d r b ruflc e Ex o it io

g g n b r elek tris h n u d ma n t is h n Feld rn

a s e e d v on K omp n nt en u d Anla e z r Erz u u g,

Üb rtra u g u d V erteiu g elekt ris h r En rgie

This Euro e n Sta d rd wa a prov ed b CENELEC o 2 17-0 - 0 CENELEC memb rs are b u d to c mply with th CEN/ CENELEC

Intern l R eg latio s whic st ip late t he c n it io s for giv in this Euro e n St an ard t he stat us of a n tio al sta d rd with ut a y alterat io

Up-to-d te lsts a d biblo ra hic l refere c s c n ernin s c n tio nal st an ard ma b o tain d o a plc tio to th CEN-CENELEC

Ma a eme t Ce t re or to a y CENELEC memb r

This Euro e n Sta d rd e ists in thre oficial v ersio s (En ls , Fre c , Germa ) A v ersio in a y ther la g a e ma e b tra slatio

u d r th re p n ibi ty f a CENELEC memb r int o its own la g a e a d n t ifie to th CEN-CENELEC Ma a eme t Ce t re h s th

s me stat us a t he oficial v ersio s

CENELEC memb rs are t he n tio al elec trote h ic l c mmitt ee of A ust ria, Belgium, Bulg ria,Cro t ia, Cy pru ,t he Cz c R ep blc,

De mark, Esto ia, Finla d, Former Yu o la R ep blc f Ma e o ia, Fra c , Germa y , Gre c , Hu g ry , Ic la d, Irela d, It aly, L t v ia,

Lith a ia, L x mb urg,Malta,t he Net herla d , Norway , Pola d,Port ug l R oma ia,Serbia, Slov akia, Slov enia,Sp in, Swe e ,

Swit zerla d,Turk ey n t he Unit ed K in d m

Europea n Commit t ee for Ele t rot echnica l Sta nda rdiza tio

Comité Europé n de Norma lisa tio Ele trot ech niq ue

Europä isches Komit ee für Elekt rot ech nische Nor mu ng

CEN- CENE EC Management Cent re: Av en e Marnix 17, B- 10 0 Brus els

Content s Pa e

Euro e n foreword 4

3.1 Terms a d d finition 6

3.2 Phy sic l q a t itie a d units 8

3.3 Abbreviation 8

6.1 Ge eral 1

6.2 Ex pos re a s s me t re ardin ex ternal field 1

6.2.1 Ge eral 1

6.2.2 Harmonic of ma n tic field 12 6.2.3 Harmonic of ele tric field 12 6.3 Numeric l c lc la on of in u e ele tric field in id th h ma bod 13 8.1 Ge eral 13 8.2 Simpl fie criteria for compla c with a tion le els 15 8.2.1 Ge eral 15 8.2.2 Ma n tic field 15 8.2.3 Ele tric field 16 8.3 As e sme t u in me s reme t s or c lc la on 17 8.3.1 Ge eral 17 8.3.2 Ma n tic field 17 8.3.3 Ele tric field 18 9.1 Ge eral 19 9.2 Simpl fie criteria for compla c with ex pos re lmit v lue 19 9.2.1 Ge eral 19 9.2.2 Ma n tic field 2

9.2.3 Ele tric field 21

9.3 As e sme t u in dosimetry a d con id ration for non- uniform field 21

13.1 W ork ers at partic lar ris 2

13.2 Oth r re uireme t s 2

Ann x A (informativ ) As e sme t of h rmonic in ma n tic field 2

A.1 Int rod ction 2

A.2 As e sme t Method u ing T I 2

A.3 As e sme t u in the weig te pe k fun tion 2

A.4 Simpl fie a s s me t proc dure for publc grid 2

Ann x B (norma v ) 5 Hz ma n tic field sourc s in t he e vironme t of e uipme t a d inst al ation for prod ction, tra smis ion a d dist ribution of ele tricity 2

B.1 Ge eral 2

B.2 Cure ts in sin le con uctors 2

B.3 Cure ts in circ its 31

B.4 As e sin ma n tic fields ex pos re 31

B.5 Ch c lst or a s s in compla c for ma n tic field 3

Ann x C (informativ ) Ex mple of ap lc t ion of th difere t a s s me t crit eria 3

C.1 As e sme t for air-core re ct ors: Simplfie c lc la on of the ma n tic field u d r a

v rt i al air- core s lf- i du ta c 3

C.2 As e sme t for in ulate c ble : Calc lation of compla c dista c s for typic l XLPE c ble 3

C.3 As e sme t for ex pos re to ele tric fields consid rin difere t couplng con ition 3

An e D (informativ ) Met hod for d rivin Ex pos re- LimitEq iv le t- Field (L F ) 41

D.1 Introd c on 41

D.2 Met hod 41

D.3 Sele tion of the refere c mod l: 4

D.4 R efere c org n a d d ta 4

D.5 Un ertainty a s s me t 4

D.6 Derivin t he Ex pos re- LimitEq iv le t- Field (L F) 4

An e E (informa v ) Con id ration ab ut DC ma n tic fields in ele tric l compa ie 4

E.1 Introd c on 4

E.2 Ex pos re of work ers to DC ma n tic field in ele t ric l compa ie 4

E.3 Ate tion p int s 4

An e F (informa v ) cont act c rrents 4

F.1 Introd c on 4

F.2 Influ n e of ele tric field 4

F.2.1 Ge eral 4

F.2.2 Person isolate (at floa ng p t en al), c pa itiv coupl n t o grou d 4

F.2.3 Person at e rth pot en al isolat ed o je t 4

F.2.4 Spark dis h rg s 4

F.3 Influ n e of ma n tic field 4

F.3.1 Ge eral 4

F.3.2 W ork in a ja e t to lv circ its 4

F.4 Summary 4

An e G (informativ ) Exp s re d rin tra sie t a d fa lt con ition 5

G.1 Introd c on 5

G.2 F ults 5

G.2.1 Ov rview 5

G.2.2 Shortcircuit c rre ts d rin fa lts 5

G.2.3 Pre e tion a d prote t ion a ain t a lts 5

G.2.4 Ma n tic field ex pos re d rin fa lt s 51

G.3 Swit chin t ra sie ts 51

G.4 Lig tnin strik es 51

G.5 Inrus c re ts 51

G.6 Compla c of s ort -d ra on e e ts with t he Dire t i e 5

European foreword

This doc ment EN 5 6 7:2 17] has b en pre ared by CLC/TC 10 X “Elect romag et ic field in t he h man

en ironment ”

The folowin dat es are fix ed:

• lat est date by whic this doc ment has t o b

implement ed at nat ional level by publcation of

an ident ical nat ional st an ard or by

en orsement

(do ) 2 18-0 -10

• lat est date by whic the national st an ar ds

conflct in wit h this doc ment hav e t o

b w it hdr awn

(dow) 2 2 -0 -10

At t ent ion is draw n t o t he p s ibi ty t hat some of t he element s of t his doc ment may b t he s bject of p t ent

rig t s CENELEC s al not b held resp n ible for ident ifyin an or al s c p t ent rig t s

This doc ment has b en pre ared u der a man at e giv en t o CENELEC by the Euro e n Commis ion an

t he Euro e n Fre Trade A ssociat ion

1 Scope

This Euro e n St an ard pr ovides a general proced re t o as es w orkers’ ex pos re t o elect ric an mag et ic

field (EMF) in w ork places as ociat ed w it h t he prod ct ion, t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion of elect ric energy ,

an t o demon t rat e complan e with ex pos re lmit values an act ion levels as st at ed in t he Cou ci an

Euro e n Parlament EMF” Direct iv e 2 13/35/EU [ 11]

NOT E 1 T he Co n i a d Euro e n Parlame t Dire t iv e 2 13/ 35/ EU wi b t ra sp se into n t io al le islat io in al

t he EU memb r c u t ries It is imp rt ant t hat users of this stan ard c nsult t he n t io al le islatio relat ed t o t his

t ra sp sit io in ord r t o id ntify t he n t io al re ulat io s a d re uireme t s T hese n tio al re ulat io s a d re uireme ts

ma h v e a ditio alre uireme t s t hat are n t c v ere b t his st an ard

It has t he role of a sp cific workplace st an ard It tak es int o ac ou t t he non-bin in a plcation g ide for

implement in t he EMF Dir ect ive [10] an it defines t he as es ment proced res an complan e crit er i

a plca le t o the elect ric in u t r y

The feq en y ran e of t his st an ard cov ers fom DC t o 2 kHz, w hic is s ficient t o in lu e t he p wer

feq en y u ed for elect ric p wer s p ly s st ems t hrou hout Euro e (5 Hz ) an t he v ar i u harmonic an

int erharmonic oc urin in t he s p ly s st em In t his ex t remely low feq en y r an e, elect ric an mag et ic

field are in e en ent an , t herefore, they b t h have to b ad r es ed in t he ex pos re as es men

NOT E 2 Ele t ric l c mp nies also use ra io fre u n y t ra smis io s to o erate a d maint ain their n t work s a d

p wer pla t s Simiarly , ot her e p sures t o EMF ma o c r d rin maint en nc e o erat io s, for inst an e, d e t o t he use

of h n -h ld ele t ric ltools Al t hese EMF so rc s are o tsid t he sc p of this sta d rd

NOT E 3 R eg rdin EMF in t he low fre u n y ra g , the sc ie tific b sis of t he EMF direc t iv e is the ICNIRP h alth

g id ln s p blsh d in 2 10 [ 13] Refere c is ma e to t his scie t ific b sis wh n n c s ary for jus fy in or clarify in

some of t he tec nic l st ateme t s of t he prese t d c me t

2 Normat ive references

The folowin doc ment s, in whole or in p rt , are normat iv ely referen ed in t his doc ment an are

in isp n a le for it s a plcat ion F r dated referen es, only t he edit ion cit ed a ples For u dated referen es,

t he lat est edit ion of t he referen ed doc ment in lu in an amen ment s) a ples

EN 617 6-1, Me s ureme t o fD C ma n tic, AC mag netic a d AC electric fields fo m 1 Hz to 10 kHz with

re ard to e p s ure ofhuma b in s - Part 1: R eq u ireme ts for me s urin ins tru me ts (IEC 6178 6- 1)

EN 5 5 7-1, Procedure for th as s es s me t ofth e p s ure to electroma n tic fields ofwork rs b arin

activ impla ta le medical de ices - Part 1: Ge eral

EN 5 5 7-2-1, Pro cedure fo r th as s es s me t ofth e p s ure to electro ma n tic fields ofwork rs b arin

activ impla ta le medical de ices - Part 2- 1: Specific as s es s me t for wo rk rs with cardia p cema ers

IEC 617 6-2, Me s ureme t o fDC ma n tic, AC mag netic a d AC electric fields fom 1 Hz to 10 kHz with

re ard to e p s ure ofhuma b in s - Part 2: B as ic s ta dard for me s ureme ts

3 Terms, definit ions, physical quant it ies, unit s and abbreviat ions

3.1 T erms a d definitions

F r t he purp ses of t his doc men t he folow in terms an definit ion a ply

3.1.1

a t ion le el

AL

o erational lev el est abls ed for t he purp se of simplfyin t he proces of demon t rat in complan e with t he

relev ant ex pos re lmit v alue or, where a pro riate, t o t ake relevant prot ection or prev ent ion me s res

Not e 1 to e t ry : “R efere c lev els” as d fin d in t he Euro e n R ec mme d tio 19 9/519/EC [3] for lmit in t he

e p sure of t he p blc a d in ICNIR P He lt h Guid ln s [13] are b se o t he same a pro c as Ac t io L v els a d the

t wo t erms are d fin d t o ac hiev e t he same o je tiv e

Not e 2 to e t ry : For ele t ric fields, “L w ALs” a d “Hig ALs” are lev els whic relat e t o the sp cific prot ect io or

prev ent io me sures sp c ifie in t he EMF Dire t iv e [11]

Not e 3 to e t ry : T he L w AL for e t ern l ele t ric field is b se b t h o lmit in t he intern l ele t ric field b low ELV s a d

o lmit in sp rk disc arg s in t he work in e v iro me t Below t he Hig AL, th intern l ele t ric field d es n t e c e

ELV s a d a n y in sp rk disc harg s are prev ented, prov id d t hat t he relev ant prote tio me sures are t ak en

Not e 4 to e t ry : For ma n t ic fields, “L w ALs” are lev els whic h relat e t o the se sory efec t s ELV s a d “Hig ALs” to

t he h alth efe ts ELVs

Not e 5 to e t ry : Compla c wit h t he ALs wi e sure c mpla c wit h t he relev ant ELVs If t he as es e e p sure

v alu s are hig er t ha t he ALs, it d es n t n c s ariy folow t hat t he ELV s h v e b e e c e e , b t a more d t aie

a aly sis is n c es ary t o d mo st rate c ompla c wit h t he ELV s

Not e 6 to e t ry : ALs ma n t prov id a e u t e prot ect io t o work ers at p rt ic ular risks, for wh m a p rt ic ular risk

as es me t sh l b p rforme

3.1.2

compla c dist anc

dist an e fom a source of field t hat en ures resp ct of t he relev ant ex pos re lmit v alues or act ion levels

Not e 1 to e t ry : Work in at dist an es smaler tha c mpla c e dist an es re uires a sp cific as es me t

3.1.3

conta t c rre t

c rent b tween a p rson in est abls ed cont act w ith a con u tive o jec res lt in fom t he in u t iv e or

ca acitive coupln b tw een t he field an t he p rson an /or o jec an ex pres ed in amp res (A)

Not e 1 to e t ry : T he EMF dire tiv e [1 ] sp c ifies lmit s for t he stea y -st at e v lu of t he c ont act c re t

3.1.4

ele tric field

con t it uent of an elect romag etic field whic is c aracterized by t he elect ric field st ren t h E t oget her wit h the

elect ric flux den ity D

Not e 1 to e t ry : In Fre c , t he t erm“c amp éle t riq e ” is also use for the q a tit y ele t ric field st re gth

[SOUR CE: IEV, ref 121-1 -6 ]

lmit w hic is b sed direct ly on esta ls ed he lt h efect s an biological con ideration

Not e 1 to e t ry : In t he fre u n y ra g c v ere b t he prese t st an ard, ELV s are e pres e in t erms of in u e

elec t ric fields e c pt b t wee 0 Hz a d 1 Hz wh re t he ELV is given in t erms of e t ern lma n tic field

Not e 2 to e t ry : “Basic rest rictio s” as d fin d in t he Euro e n R ec mme d tio 19 9/ 519/ EC [3] for lmitin th

e p sure of t he p blc a d in ICNIR P He lt h Guid ln s [13] are b se o t he same a pro c as Ex osure Limit V alu s

a d t he t wo t erms are d fin d t o achiev e the same o je t iv e

3.1.8

ex pos re lmit v lu s for s n ory efe ts (s n ory efe t s ELVs)

ELV s a ov e whic workers mig t b s bject t o t r an ient ly dist urb d sen or y p rce tion , i.e ret inal

phosphenes an minor c an es in brain fu ction

Not e 1 to e t ry : T he se sory efe ts relat e o ly t o t he c nt ral n rv ous sy stem of t he h a Ex e din se sory efec t s

ELV s is alowe u d r c nt role c on it io s for informe work ers

3.1.9

ex pos re lmit v lu s for h alth efe t s (h alt h ef e t s ELVs)

ELV s a ov e w hic w orkers mig t b mig t b s bject t o adv erse he lt h efect s, s c as st imulat ion of nerve

an mu cle t is ue

Not e 1 to e t ry : Compla c wit h h alt h efe ts ELVs wi e sure t hat work ers e p se t o ele t ric a d ma n t ic fields

are prot ected a ainst al est ablsh d a v erse h alt h efec t s

Not e 2 to e t ry : T he t hresh ld for muscle e cit at io is far hig er t ha for n rv e e cit at io , a d t herefore the dire tiv

[1 ] c onsist ently wit h it s scie t ific b sis [13] c nsid rs lmit s t o prev ent o ly n rv e e cit at io , as t he are c nserv ativ

wit h re ard t o muscle e cit at io As a result , the h alth efe t s relat e t o the p rip eral n rv ous sy st em, i.e t he wh le

b dy

3.1.10

ind c d ele tric field

elect ric field in ide a h man b d res ltin dir ect ly fom an ex pos re to an ex t ernal source of elect r ic or

Not e 1 to e t ry : In Fre c , t he t erm “c amp ma n tiq e” is also use for t he q a tit y ma n tic field st re gth

Not e 2 to e t ry : In t his d c me t , t he t erm ma n t ic field is use for ma n t ic flu d nsit y

[SOUR CE: IEV ref 121-1 -6 ]

Not e 1 to e t ry : If t he t ot al e p sure in e is les tha o e, t he e p sure is c ompla t

Not e 2 to e t ry : Usin t he arit hmetic sum makes t he T EI a c onserv at iv e as es me t of e p sure

3.1.13

u perturbe field

field at a p int hat would ex ist in the a sen e of p rson or in t he a sen e of mov able o ject s whic are not

neces ar y for t he w ork progres

Not e 1 to e t ry : All lmits e pres e in t erms of fields e t ern l t o the h ma b d refer to t he u p rt urb d field

[SOUR CE: EN 617 6-1:2 14, 3.3.1]

3.2 Physic l qua t it ies a d units

F r t he purp ses of t his doc men t he ph sical q antit ies an u it s giv en in Ta le 1 a ply

Table 1 — Ph sic l q a titie a d u its

Elect r ic field st ren th

3.3 Abbrev iations

AL act ion lev el

CNS cent ral nervou s st em

DC direct c r ent

EI exp s re in e

ELV exp s re lmit v alue

GIS gas in ulated s bst at ion

HV hig voltage

LEF ex pos re lmit eq iv alent field

PNS p ripheral ner v ou s st em

T I t ot al ex pos r e in ex

WPR w orker at p rt ic lar ris

rms ro t me n s uare

4 Assessment procedure

Ac ordin t o Art icle 4 of EU Direct iv e 2 13/35/EU [1 ] “ the employer s al as es al ris s for workers

arisin fom elect romag etic field at t he workplace an , if neces ar y, me s re or calc late t he levels of

elect romag etic field t o w hic workers are ex posed In workplaces o en t o t he publc it is not neces ar y

for t he ex pos re as es ment t o b caried out if an ev aluation has alre d b en u dertaken in ac ordan e

w it h t he provision on t he lmit at ion of ex pos re of t he general publc t o elect romag et ic field , if t he

rest rict ion sp cified in t hose prov ision are resp cted for workers an if t he he lth an safety r is s are

ex clu ed Where eq ipment int en ed for t he publc u e is u ed as int en ed an comples wit h Union law on

prod ct s t hat esta ls es st rict er safety levels t han t hose provided for by this Direct iv e, an no other

eq ipment is u ed, t hese con it ion are de med t o b met ”

Elect r ical eq ipment for t he prod ction, t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion of elect ricity is hig ly stan ardiz ed an

a few general as es ment s may cov er man sites w hic hav e simiar eq ipment an w ork p sit ion

Therefore, a s st emat ic an t horou h as es ment of ev ery site containin elect rical eq ipment is not

neces ar y F r a giv en sit e, t he ris as es ment s ould b lmit ed t o an sp cific eq ipment or work

p sition not cov ered by t he general as es ment s

The ex pos re as es ment s al b updat ed if an modificat ion t o t he in t alat ion, t he workin en ironment or

t he w ork pract ice sig ificant ly afect s t he EMF ex pos r e con it ion

In elect rical comp nies, man w orkplaces are ex posed simult ane u ly to elect ric an mag et ic field The

int ernal elect ric field in u ed simult ane u ly by ex ternal elect ric an mag et ic field are vect ors, whic

most oft en are neit her col ne r in sp ce nor coin ident in phase ICNIR P’s p sit ion [13] is t hat situation

w here t hese field v ectors are col ne r an in phase “are judg d to b v ry infeq u ent ta in into accou t th

gre t difere ce in th dis tributio o f th electricaly a d ma n ticaly induced electric fields “

Therefore, when as es in complan e w ith the Direct iv e ac ordin to the present st an ard, ex pos re t o low

feq en y elect ric an mag et ic field s al b con idered se arat ely an not ad it ively

This clau e giv es a general proced re for t he ex pos r e as es ment of a work place, whic is present ed in

Fig re 1 as a flowchart It s ows al t he p s ible met hod t o demon t rat e complan e with t he EMF direct ive

[ 11] The diferent st eps of this flowchart are develo ed in Clau es 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 an 13

Complan e can b demon t rat ed u in an of t he p s ible met hod F r ex ample, in some cases it mig t

b more simple an eficient t o demon t rat e complan e u in me s rement s (e.g s bclau e 8.3) rat her

t han identifyin al t he elect rical eq ipment an c ec in whet her it me t s t he criteria for simplfied

as es ment e.g s bclau e 8.2)

Fig re 1 — Ge eral flowc art of th compla c a s s me t proc d re

5 Col ect ion of t echnical dat a

F r as es in complan e, it is neces ar y t o c aracterize t he workplace in t er ms of EMF sources an of

w ork p sit ion in relat ion to t hem, an of t he w ork pract ices involved In t erms of t he s o e of t his st an ard,

relev ant field sources are energiz ed elect rical con u t ors an elect rical eq ipment for prod cin an

dist ribut in elect ricity

A simple ident ification is s ficient for t he eq ipment cov ered by simplfied proced res an gener al

as es ment s (se Clau e 7 an 8.2)

F r t he sp cific elect rical eq ipment whic may ne d a p rtic lar as es men t he folow in t ec nical dat a

may b u eful t o c aract er ize the workplaces b in as es ed:

— typ of eq ipmen

— rat ed c aract erist ic (e.g volt age, c rent );

— whet her t he eq ipment is in ulat ed or not ;

— whet her an s re n or s ield are presen

— ex t ent of an harmonic ;

— dist an e of t he energized p rt s of t he eq ipment t o workers;

— et c

6 Met hods for assessing ex posure of work ers

6.1 Ge eral

When as es in ex pos re in a p rtic lar are , it is nor maly s ficient t o identify only t he main EMF sources

t hat afect t hat are If t he w orkers are v er y close t o - or in cont act wit h - one EMF source, an ot her sources

locat ed furt her aw ay can generaly b neglect ed (examples: HV lve-lne w orkin , GIS in p ction, et c.)

F r workin en ironment s where diferent sources ar e at comp ra le distan es t o the workers (examples:

low voltage en ironment s, w here t he t hr ee phases are close t o e c ot her), t he simult ane u cont ribution of

al s c sources s ould b con idered

The worst case ex pos re of workers s al b det ermined As t he ex pos re may v ary as a fu ct ion of t he

o eratin con it ion , it may b neces ary to ex t ra olat e t he ex pos re t o worst case exp s re con it ion

Mag et ic field are generat ed by c rent s in elect ric eq ipmen s c as lnes, ca les, cois an w in in s

The c rent may var y sig ificantly ov er t ime an t hu so wil t he mag et ic field This me n t hat

ex t ra olation of me s red or calc lated v alues w il oft en b relev ant when con iderin mag et ic field

Elect r ic field are generated by non-s ielded elect ric eq ipmen s c as overhe d lnes or bu b rs in

s bst at ion The v olt age do s not var y sig ificantly ov er time an neither do s t he elect ric field at a giv en

p in prov ided it remain u p rturb d i.e not afected by an mov in o jec Therefore, ex t ra olation of

me s red or calc lat ed v alues are not normaly relevant w hen con iderin p w er feq en y elect ric field ,

ex ce t u der sp cial circ mst an es s c as a c an e in max imum o erat in volt age

Wav eforms of elect ric an mag et ic field at 5 Hz are not alw ay pur ely sin soidal but may cont ain

sig ificant harmonic comp nent s, w hic have t o b taken int o ac ou t in t he ex pos re as es ment when

relev ant Se 6.2.2 an 6.2.3

6.2 Ex posure as essment re arding ex ternal fields

6.2.1 Ge eral

Ex t ernal field may b as es ed by me s rement s an /or calc lation

Field met ers s al b complant with EN 617 6-1

This st an ard do s not sp cify an sp cific me s rement protocol, b cau e of t he div ersity of t he ex pos re

sit uation ex perien ed by w orkers The me s rement prot ocol s al b complant w it h IEC 617 6-2

F r smal dist an es t o a mag et ic field source, w here t he mag etic field is hig ly non u iform, t he size of t he

me s rin pro e may int r od ce an av eragin bias an t herefore may u derest imat e t he act ual field

Therefore t he size of t he pro e s al b a pro riat e t o t he sp tial v ar i tion of t he field Guidan e is giv en in

t he me s rement st an ard IEC 617 6-2

Mag et ic field me s rement s s ould not b p rormed for as es in complan e for dist an es t o field

sources smaler t han the me s rin pro e

Me s rement s an calc lat ion of elect ric field are mu h more comple t han for mag et ic field , as t he

elect ric field is p rt urb d by al con u t in o ject s, even p or l con u t in o ject s, an p rt ic larly by

met al c st ru t ures This is k own as t he “p ak efec t ” an it res lt s in st ron local en an ement s of t he

elect ric field The st ron ly non-u iform field res lt in fom t he p ak efect is not re resentat iv e of t he

ex pos re of a w orker That is why, in order t o me s re t he u p rt urb d field, IEC 617 6-2 recommen s:

— t o remov e mov able o ject s if p s ible;

— a minimum dist an e of 1 mt o p rmanent o ject s if p s ible

To ov ercome t his efec it is recommen ed t o remov e an mov able o ject not neces ar y for t he work in

progres t hat mig t disturb t he me s rement s d rin elect ric field me s rement s

Simiarly, t he p ak efect also afect s E-ield me s rement s close t o fix ed met al c st ru t ures, an a

minimum dist an e t o s c st ru t ures s ould b resp ct ed in order t o p rorm rela le an re rod cible

me s rement s IEC 617 6-2 recommen s a minimum dist an e of 1 m w hen p s ible Howev er, a

me s rin dist an e of 1 m is not a plca le to man w ork sit uat ion whic inv olve contact t o met al c

st ru t ures, s c as workers clmbin in lat t ice st eel elect rical t owers In this case, a minimum dist an e of

2 cm s al b maint ained b tw een con u t in o ject s an the me s rement pro e t o red ce t he p ak

efect me s rement bias

6.2.2 Harmonic of ma ne c field

F r t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion s st ems it is ac e ta le to p rorm a simplfied as es ment of harmonic ,

ex ce t arou d s p les for in u t r y o eratin hig p wer conv ert ers an rect ifiers An ex A pro oses

diferent a pro c es for as es in harmonic

F r simplfied as es ment of harmonic , t he t ot al ex pos re in e is alocat ed p r t ly to t he ex pos r e in e for

5 Hz an p rt ly to t he s m of ex pos re in ex es of harmonic A t ot al ex pos re in ex , in lu in t he

fu dament al an al harmonic , b low 1 demon t rat es complan e Crit er i for the 5 Hz ex pos re in ex ,

de en in on t he nominal v olt age, are giv en in order t o demon t rat e t hat he t otal ex pos re in e remain

lower than 1 Alt ernat iv e v alues may b u ed if b sed on sp cific as es ment of harmonic

— Criterio n for v ltage rang e ≥ 6 kV

Based on av aia le field me s rement s an c rent me s rement s, t he har monic of mag et ic field at

v olt age levels hig er t han 6 kV can b neglect ed b cau e t he max imum harmonic cont ent of c rent s in

t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion s st ems is lmit ed d ri g normal o eration

NOT E Circ mst ances wh re sig ific ant h rmo ics c an occur, su h as resultin from saturatio of t ra sformers

d rin e ergizin or d rin g oma n t ic st orms, are too rare t o n e c nsid rin further

— Criterio n for v ltage rang e 1 kVto 6 kV

Based on av aia le field me s rement s an c rent me s rement s fom medium v olt age dist ribution an

t ran mis ion s st ems, t he harmonic up t o the 5 th mig t b relev ant, but t he ex pos re is complant if t he

ex pos re in e for 5 Hz is b low 0,8 (se A nne A ) The same c rit erion can b a pled for bro db n

me s rement s

— Criterio n for low v ltage s (< 1kV)

Based on av aia le field me s rement s an c rent me s rement s fom low volt age dist ribution s st ems,

t he harmonic up t o t he 5 th mig t b relevan but t he ex pos re is complant if t he ex pos re in e for 5 Hz

is b low 0,7 (se An e A) The same crit erion can b a pled for bro db n me s rement s

F r p wer plant s, as es ment of harmonic may b lmit ed t o t he ex cit ation u it

6.2.3 Harmonic of ele t ric field

The harmonic of elect ric field at an volt age level can b neglect ed b cau e t he max imum harmonic

cont ent of v olt age in t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion sy st ems, whic is lmit ed by volt age q alty req irements,

u ualy in re ses t he t ot al ex pos re in ex only w ithin t he ran e of t he ex pect ed u cert ainty of as es men

6.3 Numeric l calc lation of induc d ele tric fields inside the huma body

Numerical comput at ion of in u ed elect ric field in ide t he h man b d can b p rormed u in diferent

n merical met hod , s c as Finite Element s Met hod, Finite Int egrat ion Tec niq e, Finit e Diferen e Time

Domain, an Scalar Potential Finite Diferen e (Se [7] an [8])

So hist icat ed models for calc lat in in u ed c rent s in t he b d have b en u ed an are the s bject of a

n mb r of s ient ific publcat ion These models u e n merical 3D elect romag et ic field comput at ion codes

an det aied models of t he int ernal st ru t ure w ith sp cific elect rical c aract erist ic of e c t is ue w it hin the

b d Su h s ient ific models can b u ed to as es complan e t o ELV s

7 Assessment against ex posure l mit s for t he publ c

At man w orkplaces, EMF levels wil remain b low the referen e lev els or b sic rest rict ion for t he publc,

s c as t hose est abls ed in t he Cou ci Recommen ation 19 9/ 519/ EC [3] F r s c workplaces, when

complan e t o t hese v alues has alre d b en demon t rat ed, no furt her as es ment is ne ded

The Applcat ion Guide [10] of t he EMF Direct ive [1 ] gives a non-ex hau tive lst of w orkplaces wher e it

s ould not b neces ary to carr y out a sp cific as es ment as t here is ex pected t o b no ris fom EMFs

The coresp n in sources (Ta le 2) are not ex pected t o give rise t o ex pos res in ex ces of t he referen e

lev els of t he Cou ci Recommen at ion [3] u der an con ition of normal o eration

Table 2 — Equipme t or work pla e de me t o comply with refere c le els for publc ex pos re, i e

10 µT or 5 k V/m at 5 Hz (from Table 3.2 of th ap l c t ion g ide [10]

Type of e uipme t or work pla e Type of ex pos re

Ov erhe d b re con u t ors of an v olt age Mag et ic field

Elect r ical in t alation or elect rical circ it s within an in t alat ion, wit h a phase

c rent rat in of 10 A or les for t he in iv id al circ it (in lu es w irin , swit ch e r,

t ran formers, et c.)

Mag et ic field

An u dergrou d or in ulated ca le circ it , rated at an volt age Elect r ic field

An overhe d b re circ it in s bst at ion a ov e t he w ork place rat ed at a v olt age up

An overhe d lne a ov e t he work place rated at a v oltage up to 15 kV Elect r ic field

An ov erhe d lnes at an v olt age ov ersai n t he workplace buidin where t he

w orkplace is in o rs

Elect r ic field

8 Assessment against Act ion Levels

8.1 Ge eral

Act ion L vels may not provide s ficient protect ion for workers at p rtic lar ris , as defined in the EMF

direct iv e [1 ] an a se arat e as es ment is req ired for t hose categories of workers (se 13.1)

The rms v alues for L w an Hig A Ls are giv en in Fig re 2 (mag et ic field) an Fig re 3 (elect ric field) At

5 Hz t he coresp n in v alues are given in Ta le 3

Figure 2 — L w a d Hig Ac on Le els for ma n t i fields in th fre u n y rang from 1 to 2 k Hz

Fig re 3 — L w a d Hig Action Le els for ele tric field in t he freq e c ra g from 1 t o 2 k Hz

F r mag et ic field up t o 4 0 Hz , the L w an Hig ALs refer t o diferent bio h sical efect s an diferent

organ of t he h man b dy In pract ice, t he L w ALs are relat ed to sen ory efect s on t he cent ral ner v ou

s stem an are only a plca le t o the he d The Hig A Ls are related to he lt h efect s on t he p ripheral

nerv ou s st em an t herefore a ply t o t he whole b dy

Therefore, when t he mag et ic field is non u iform ov er the b d , complan e with t he L w A Ls at t he

p sition of t he he d may not neces ariy imply complan e with t he Hig A Ls over t he remain er of t he b dy

On t he ot her han , when the mag et ic field can b con idered as u iform ov er t he b d , complan e w it h

t he L w AL alw ay en ures complan e w it h the Hig AL

R egardin elect ric field , t he L w an Hig AL ar e b sed up n t he same bio hy sical efect s, an t herefore

complan e wit h the L w A L for elect ric field alway en ures complan e w it h t he Hig A L

8.2 Simpl fie c riteria for c ompl a c with ac tion lev els

8.2.1 Ge eral

This sect ion giv es non-ex au t iv e lst s of elect rical eq ipment an o eratin con ition u der w hic t he

eq ipment is de med t o b complant w ith t he ALs F r ot her eq ipment or diferent o erat in con ition

furt her as es ment is ne ded (se 8.3)

Some elect rical eq ipment is complant w it h the A Ls provided t hat a complan e dist an e t o the mag etic

field source is resp ct ed A w orkplace containin only t his kin of eq ipment is de med t o b complant with

t he EMF Directive [1 ] regardles the n mb r of in t an es of s c eq ipmen Su h workplaces w il req ire

no furt her as es men There may b ad itional req ir ement s for t he employer (se Clau e 13)

8.2.2 Ma n tic field

For elect rical circ it s, this complan e distan e de en s direct ly on the c rent flowin in t he circ it A

rat ionale for t he complan e distan e a plca le t o elect rical circ it s is giv en in An e B (Ta le B.1)

The lst of eq ipment giv en in Ta le 4 is complant with t he L w AL for 5 Hz mag etic field without furt her

as es men

Table 4 — Eq ipme t or work pla e d eme to comply wit h th L w AL for 5 Hz ma n tic field

(lve-line s ituations no t c o ns idered)

Ov erhe d b re con u t ors of an v olt age Provided t hat elect rical safety dist an es are

resp ct ed

An elect ricity in talation or circ it in t he workplace

w it h a phase-c rent ratin of 2 0 A or les (in lu es

w irin , swit ch e r, t ran formers, et c.)

Ju t ificat ion for 2 0 A is given in A nnex B

F r c rent s ex ce din 2 0 A, a complan e

dist an e can b calc lated u in Formula (2) or

Ta le B.1 of An e B

Ex ce t ion lst ed b low in Ta le 5

An iron-cored t ran former (with met al c en los re) or

mot or or generat or

Ex clu in t he con ect ion to t hese eq ipment an

t he en -w in in s of hig -p wer t urb generators

IPB (Isolated Phase Bu b rs) an GIS/GIC/GIL (Gas

In ulat ed Subst ation /Ca les/Lines) of an r at in

Ex clu in p rt s out side t he region where t he

met al en los res of t he diferent phases are

b n ed toget her

Ot her sit uation may ex ce d t he ALs for mag et ic field an req ire furt her as es ment for demon t rat in

complan e with t he ELV s of t he EMF Directive [1 ] Based eit her on me s rement s or comput at ion, a

p s ible met hod is t o det ermine t he dist an e w hic g arante s t hat t he mag et ic field st ren t h fals b low

t he ALs (s bclau e 8.3 as es ment ) or b low t he ex pos re-lmit -eq iv alent -field (s bclau e 9.2

as es ment ) Some ex amples are giv en in Ta le 5:

Table 5 — Ex ample of e uipme t or work pla e re uirin furth r a s s me t wit h re ard to 5 Hz

ma netic field

Ty pe of ele tric l e uipme t R emark

Aircored re ct ors Man fact urers are a le to provide informat ion (calc lated or

me s red v alues) on t he mag et ic field lev els in t he vicinity of

t he re ct ors This can b u ed to define the dist an e fom t he

re ct ors at w hic ALs are met , an t o det ermine whether safety

me s res are neces ar y t o prot ect w orkers

A simplfied met hod for calc latin t he max imum mag et ic field

prod ced by a sin le aircore re ct or is given in C.1 This

max imum calc lat ed v alue is con erv ativ e wit h regard t o a

3-phase s stem of re ct ors

Su h a calc lat ion can b u ed t o c ec t he ne d for lmit in

ac es t o t he re ct ors (e.g u in fen es) or t o determine a

con erv ativ e safe dist an e t o t he re ct ors

Con ect ion t o t ran formers, mot ors

an generators, where t he c rent rat in

ex ce d 2 0 A

In t he v icinity of t he bu b rs of p wer

gener at ors

8.2.3 Ele tric field

Elect r ic field are generated by non-s ielded elect rical eq ipmen s c as overhe d lnes or bu b rs in

s bst at ion Non-s ielded eq ipment is not direct ly ac es ible an elect r ical sec rity req ires resp ct in a

minimum safety cle ran e, de en in on the v olt age lev el

The lst of eq ipment giv en in Ta le 6 is complant w it h t he L w AL for 5 Hz elect ric field w it hout furt her

as es men

Table 6 — Eq ipme t or work pla e d eme to comply with th L w Ac on Le el for 5 Hz ele tric

field (10 kV/m)

Ty pe of ele t ric l e uipme t R emark

An low v olt age (up t o 1 kV ) wir in an as ociat ed

comp nent s

An ca ln w it h a con u t in s e t h at an v olt age Con u t in s e t hs are normal on in ulat ed

ca les for u e at 1 kV or more

An u dergrou d ca le

An overhe d lne up t o 4 0 kV , for a p rson st an in

at grou d lev el

Se note

In s bst at ion , an ov erhe d u s ielded con u t or up

t o 2 0 kV , for a p rson st an in at grou d lev el

In s bst ation out side HV comp u d Where cle ran e t o grou d is hig er t o alow

circ lat ion of v ehicles

In ide an buidin , w it h energised con u t ors of an

v olt age locat ed out side t he buidin

NOT E Some d sig s of 4 0 k V ln s c n t he ret ic ly pro u e fields a ov e 10 k V / m (u to 12 k V / m) wh n

o eratin at minimum cle ra c Su h inst an es are d eme t o b rare in pra t ic a d o ly temp rary a d it is n t

n c s ary t o in lu e t hem in as es me t s

8.3 Asses me t using me sureme ts or calcula ons

8.3.1 Ge eral

F r elect rical eq ipment an workplaces not covered by t he simple crit eria as es ment (s bclau e 8.2),

w orkers’ ex pos re may b as es ed by me s rement s or calc lat ion of field levels

8.3.2 Ma n tic field

As t he L w an Hig ALs are a plca le t o diferent p rt s of t he b d , me s rement s an calc lat ion of

mag et ic field s ould cover al t he worker’s b d Nevert heles , as mag et ic field decre se w hen t he

dist an e to t he field source in re ses, in most cases it w il b s ficient t o me s re or calc late t he mag et ic

field at he p rt of t he b d closest t o t he source (t o c ec complan e t o t he Hig AL) an at he p rt of t he

he d closest o t he source (t o c ec complan e t o t he L w AL)

The proces is i u t rat ed u der t he form of a flowchart in Fig re 4

As e sme t a ain t Low Action Le els

If al t he as es ment res lts (me s red, calc lat ed or ex t ra olat ed v alues) are low er t han t he L w A Ls, t hen

t he ex pos re is complan If not , furt her as es ment is ne ded (se b low) or, alt ernat iv ely, t he employer

has t o st at e the workin con ition u der whic t he w orkplace is complant w ith the L w A Ls

F rther a s s me t a ain t L w a d Hig Action Le els

If some of t he sp t me s rement s or calc lat ion or ex t ra olat ed values ex ce d t he L w AL for mag et ic

field , t he p rt s of t he worker’s b d t hat may b ex posed t o field hig er t han t he L w AL ne d t o b

det ermined If t he he d is not ex posed in ex es of t he L w AL, an no other p rt of t he b d is ex posed in

ex ces of t he Hig A L, t hen t he workplaces an work p sit ion are complan Ot herw ise, furt her as es ment

is ne ded to c ec complan e to the ex pos re lmit v alues (Clau e 9 as es ment ) or organizational

me s res mu t b t aken t o red ce the exp s re of workers

Fig re 4 — As e sme t a ain t ALs for ma ne c field

8.3.3 Ele tric field

The proces is i u t rat ed in t he form of a flowchart in Fig re 5

When as es in complan e t o L w an Hig ALs, t he me s rement s or calc lat ion res lt s may b sp t ialy

av eraged ov er t he b d in order t o comp re t he averaged v alue t o the referen e u iform field, i.e t he act ion

lev els for elect ric field

NOT E Guid n e for av era in c n b fo n in t he n n-bin in g id for impleme t in t he EMF dire t iv e sec t io

D.2.2.2 [ 10] Ot her met ho s for av era in t hat are b se u o so n sc ie tific princ iples are ac ce table

If t he max imum me s red or calc lated v alues ov er the p sition of t he worker are lower t han t he L w A Ls,

t hen t he ex pos re, u der the workin con ition for w hic it was as es ed, is complant w it h t he ALs w it hout

t he ne d for t his av eragin If t he maximum me s red or calc lat ed v alues ex e d t he L w AL, complan e

can b as es ed aft er av er agin the me s red or calc lated values over t he b dy

If t he sp t ialy av eraged values ex ce d t he L w AL, t hen complan e can b c ec ed t o the Hig AL

provided that cont act c rent s remain lower than t he relev ant A L an t hat ex ces iv e sp rk dis harges are

prev ent ed wit h relev ant me s res, s c as gr ou din of met al c o ject s an st ru t ures an eq ip t ent ial

b n in of workers

Fig re 5 — As e sme t a ainst ALs for ele tric field

9 Assessment against Exposure Limit V alue

9.1 Ge eral

When ex pos res ex ce d the Action L v els, it is neces ary t o as es ex pos re again t the Ex pos re Limit

V alues (ELV s) It is imp rt ant t o rememb r t hat ELVs may not prov ide s ficient prot ection for workers at

p rt ic lar ris , as defined in t he EMF Direct iv e [1 ] an a se arat e as es ment is req ired for those

cat egories of workers (se 13.1)

The ELV s, in t he feq en y ran e 1 Hz t o 2 0 0 Hz, are ex pres ed in t erms of in u ed elect ric field in t he

he d an t he b d They aim at prev ent in sen or y efect s i.e t ran ient ly dist urb d sen or y p rce tion an

minor c an es in brain fu ct ion , or he lt h efects i.e u int en ed ex citat ion of mu cles an ner v es

Therefore, t he EMF Direct iv e [1 ] st at es t hat t he sen or y efect s relat e only t o the cent ral ner v ou s st em of

t he he d, where s t he he lt h efect s relat e t o t he p r i heral ner v ou s stem, i.e the whole b d

NOT E1 T he t hresh ld for musc le e cit at io is far hig er t ha for n rv e e cit at io , a d th refore t he direc t iv e [1 ]

c nsist ently wit h it s sc ie tific b sis [ 13] c nsid rs lmits t o prev ent o ly n rv e e cit at io , as t he are c nserv at iv e wit h

re ard t o muscle e cit at io

In eit her case, in u ed elect ric field in t he b d can ot b directly me s red; in ot her word , complan e t o

ELV s can ot b dir ect ly as es ed

As es ment again t ELV s req ires a dosimet ric calc lat ion of t he ex ternal field that coresp n s to the ELV

Su h comput at ion u e det aied re resentat iv e anatomical b d models F r a giv en ex t ernal field, t he

calc lat ed in u ed elect ric field is diferent in e c of the organ of t he b d , de en in on it s s a e, size,

location in t he b d an elect rical c aract er ist ic (mainly con u t iv ity)

The most simple comput at ion config ration is for ex pos re t o u iform mag et ic an elect ric field

(u p rt urbed field for elect r ic field), w ith t he field in the dir ect ion relat iv e t o t he b d t hat coresp n s t o t he

max imum coupln sit uation Su h calc lation are con erv at iv e w it h regard t o ex pos re to non-u iform

field

NOT E2 For ele t ric fields, the ma imum c ou ln sit uatio oc curs wh n t he field is orie tat ed p ralel t o t he main

a is of t he b dy A t y pic l e ample (the refere c e p sure sit uat io ) is a ma st an in o t he gro n a d e p se t o a

v ert ic l ele t ric field

9.2 Simpl fie c riteria for c ompl a c with ex posure l mit v alues

9.2.1 Ge eral

A simplfied a pro c is provided by t he u e of ex pos re-lmit -eq ivalent field (LEFs) This a pro c

simplfies t he as es ment again t ELV s by alowin comp rison t o me s ra le ex t ernal q antit ies

Ex pos re-lmit -eq iv alent field (LEFs) are t he lowest v alues of u iform ex t ernal field coresp n in t o t he

ELV s These v alues are con erv ative w it h regard t o exp s re t o non-u iform field

In order t o calc lat e LEFs, n merou c oices have t o b made, e.g of size an s a e of t he b d model;

t is ue con u tivity; relev ant organ ; model resolution; averagin proced res; how t o t ake ac ou t of

u cert ainties; et c An e D present s a ju t ified set of c oices for t hese p ramet ers, an giv es n merical

values for t he LEF b sed on t hese c oices It is ac e t able t o as es complan e wit h the Direct iv e u in

t he LEFs de ved in An e D, an ex amples are giv en in the folowin sect ion an in An e B Howev er, it

is also ac e t able to as es complan e u in alt ernat iv e values of LEFs, o t ained by makin diferent

c hoices for t he v ariou p ramet ers, prov ided these are cle r l set out an have a sou d s ientific b sis

When t he ex pos re of w orkers is b low t he v alues of t he LEFs, t he w ork p sit ion an w orkplaces are

c omplant w it h t he ELV s an req ir e no furt her as es men There may b ad itional req irement s for t he

employer (se Clau e 13)

If me s red, calc lated or ext ra olat ed values of t he ex t ernal field ex ce d the LEFs, more ev aluat ion wi

b neces ar y, u in in neces ar y sp cific models for des ribin t he w orkin proced re an sp cific c oices

9.2.2 Ma n tic field

On t he b sis of t he LEFs an of t he complan e distan e a pro c , t his sect ion giv es a lst of elect rical

eq ipment an o erat in con it ion u der w hic the eq ipment is de med t o b complant w it h the ELV s

F r ot her eq ipment or diferent o erat in con ition , furt her evaluat ion is ne ded, as w el as for t he case of

ex pos re a ove t he LEFs Su h ev aluation s ould b cle r l set out an have a sou d s ient fic b sis

(s bclau e 9.3)

Some elect rical eq ipment is complant w it h the LEF for sen or y efect s prov ided t hat a complan e dist an e

t o t he mag et ic field sources is resp ct ed F r elect rical circ it s, t his complan e dist an e de en s direct ly

on t he c rent flowin into t he circ it A rat ionale for t he complan e dist an e a plca le t o elect rical circ its

is given in A nne B (Ta le B.1) A workplace cont ainin only this kin of eq ipment is de med t o b

complant regardles of t he n mb r of in t an es of s c eq ipmen Su h workplaces w il req ire no furt her

as es men There may b ad it ional req ir ement s for t he employer (se Clau e 13)

Based on t he p rt ic lar ex ample of t he calc lation of t he LEF given in An ex D, Ta le 7 gives a lst of

eq ipment complant wit h t he ELV for sen or y efect s, provided that sp cified complan e dist an es, if

relev ant, are r esp ct ed

Table 7 — Eq ipme t or work pla e d eme t o comply with 5 Hz ma n tic field ex pos re lmit

v lu for s n ory efe ts (olowin the s imp lified c riteria o fco mp lianc to the examp le ofLEF given

in An ex D)

Type of ele tric l e uipme t R emark

Ov erhe d b re con u t ors of an v olt age Provided t hat elect rical safety dist an es are

resp ct ed

An elect ricity in talation or circ it in t he workplace w ith

a phase-c rent ratin of 5 0 A or les (in lu es w irin ,

swit ch e r, t ran formers, et c.)

Ju t ificat ion for 5 0 A is given in A nne B

Ex clu in t he con ect ion to t hese eq ipment

IPB (Isolat ed Phase Bu b rs) an GIS/GIC/GIL (Gas

In ulat ed Subst ation /Ca les/Lines), of an r at in

Ex clu in p rt s out side the region w here t he

met al en los res of t he diferent phases are

b n ed toget her

Ot her sit uat ion may ex ce d t he LEF for mag et ic field an req ire furt her as es ment for demon t rat in

complan e with t he EMF Direct iv e [1 ] Some ex amples are giv en in Ta le 8 for t he sp cific ex ample of t he

LEF giv en in An e D Based either on me s rement s or on calc lat ion , a p s ible met hod is t o det ermine

t he dist an e at w hic t he mag et ic field st ren t h fals b low t he LEF

Table 8 — Equipme t re uirin furth r a s s me t with re ard to 5 Hz ma n tic field ELV for

s n ory efe t s (o llo win the s imp lified crite ria of comp lianc e to the sp e cific examp le o f the LEF

given in An e x D )

Type of ele tric l e uipme t R emark

Aircored re ct ors Man fact urers are a le to provide informat ion (calc lat ed or

me s red v alues) on t he mag et ic field lev els in the v icinity

of t he re ct ors This can b u ed t o define t he distan e fom

t he re ct ors at whic LEFs are met , an t o det ermine

w het her safety me s res are neces ar y to prot ect workers

Ad it ional informat ion on mag et ic field generat ed by air

cored re ct ors can b fou d in C.1

Con ect ion t o t ran formers an gener at ors,

w here the c r ent rat in ex ce d 5 0 A

V icinity of t he bu b rs of p wer generators,

Isolated Phase Bu b rs ex clu ed

9.2.3 Ele tric field

On t he b sis of t he LEFs, t his sect ion giv es a lst of elect rical eq ipment an o eratin con it ion u der

w hic the eq ipment is de med t o b complant with t he ELV s

Based on t he p rt ic lar ex ample of t he calc lation of t he LEF given in An ex D, Ta le 9 gives a lst of

eq ipment complant wit h t he ELV for sen or y efect s, provided that sp cified complan e dist an es, if

relevant, are r esp ct ed

For ot her eq ipment or diferent o erat in con ition , furt her evaluat ion is ne ded, as w el as for t he case of

ex pos re a ove LEFs Su h evaluat ion s ould b cle rly set out an have a sou d s ientific b sis

(s bclau e 9.3)

Table 9 — Eq ipme t or work pla e de me t o comply with 5 Hz ele tric field ELV (olowing the

s imp lified c rite ria ofcomp lianc to the s p ecific e xamp le ofthe LEF given in An ex D )

Ty pe of ele tric l e uipme t R emark

Any low v olt age (up t o 1 kV ) wir in an as ociat ed

comp nent s

Any ca ln w it h a con u t in s e t h, at an voltage Con u t in s e t hs are normal on in ulat ed

ca les for u e at 1 kV or more

Any u dergrou d ca le

Any ov erhe d lne for a p rson st an in at grou d

lev el

In s bst at ion , an ov erhe d u s ielded con u tor, for

a p rson stan in at grou d lev el

In s bst ation out side HV comp u d

Where cle ran e t o gr ou d is hig er t o alow

circ lat ion of v ehicles

In ide an buidin , w it h energised con u t ors, of an

v olt age, locat ed out side t he buidin

Asses ment for ex pos re t o elect r ic field for workin in t ow ers w it h lv e con u t ors is des rib d in C.3

Howev er, it s ould b noted t hat s c work pract ices may difer b t w een comp nies, ran in fom acces

rest rict ion to some p rt s of t he t ower to ac es forbid en to t he whole t ow er

Workin a ove grou d in s bst at ion may res lt in comple ex pos re sit uat ion Method u in in irect

as es men s c as cont act c rent me s remen may b u ed, con istent with t he a pro c pro osed in

C.3

9.3 Asses me t using dosimetry a d considera ons for non- uniform fields

Ap rt fom t he simplfied a pro c s g est ed in 9.2, ot her ev aluation are ac e t able, provided t hey are

b sed up n sou d s ient ific prin iples

Se arat e values for ext ernal elect ric an mag etic field can b deriv ed for t he diferent organ of t he b d

coresp n in to t he diferent ELV s that are a plca le t o t he cent ral an p ripheral nerv ou s stem

F r non-u iform field , an t akin ac ou t of t he p rt ic lar coupln b tween t he b d an t he elect ric field,

sp t me s red or calc lat ed v alues of t he ex t ernal u p rt urb d elect ric field mig t ov erest imat e t he actual

int eraction b tween the field an t he b d Averagin t he ex ternal elect ric field r es lt s in a b t t er

as es ment of t he ex pos re Therefore, for as es in complan e for non-u iform elect ric field , t he

calc lat ed or me s red ex pos re s ould b av er aged ov er t he v olume oc upied by t he w orker’s b d , an

t he res lt in field s ould b comp red t o t he LEF as previou ly defined

F r mag et ic field ex pos res t o non-u iform field , for ex ample workin ver y close t o an in ulat ed ca le or

w orkin close to a lve ov erhe d con u t or (d ri g lve-lne workin ), it is p s ible t o demon t rate

complan e wit h the ELV s, ev en for field v alues localy hig er than t he LEFs as defined in 9.2 F r ex ample,

w hen it can b demon t rat ed t hat field v alues in t he he d remain smaler t han the LEF for sen or y efect s,

Ot her met hod are p s ible for demon t rat in complan e, s c as t he u e of so hist icat ed dosimet ric

met hod t o calc lat e the in u ed elect ric field in re lstic h man models, an direct ly comp rin these

in u ed field t o t he ELV s Anne D gives a s mmar y of publs ed comput ation res lt s, u der t he

con erv ativ e as umpt ion of an ex pos re t o a homogene u field The same comput at ion met hod can b

u ed to ev aluat e more ac urat ely re lst ic ex pos re sit uat ion , e.g t akin int o ac ou t t he n

on-homogene u field

10 Ex posure t o DC fields

No lmit s are giv en in t he Direct iv e for DC elect ric field

The ex pos re lmit s for DC mag et ic field are giv en direct ly in t erms of field mag it ude, as in u tion efect s

ha p n only w hen a con u t in o ject is mov in in a st at ic field No workin sit uat ion has b en identified

close t o DC p wer t ran mis ion or generation s stems t hat could ex ce d t he ex pos re lmit s, as st at ed in

Ta le 10

Some p rt ic lar eq ipment may localy generat e st atic mag et ic field in ex ces of t he AL for workers at

p rt ic lar ris (i.e 0,5 mT) Se An e E for ex amples

Table 10 — A priori compl a t e uipme t or work pla e with re ard t o t he DC ma netic field

Ty pe of ele tric l e uipme t R emark

Any eq ipment for prod ct ion, t ran mis ion an

dist ribut ion of direct c rent is complant w it h t he

ex pos re lmit v alue for st at ic mag et ic field, for an

c rent

A few typ s of eq ipment may req ire as es ment

again t AL of 0,5 mT a plca le t o workers at

p rt ic lar ris

11 Ex posure t o cont act cur ent s

Cont act c rent s are in irect efect s of elect ric an mag et ic field that oc ur w hen a p rson comes int o

cont act with a con u tive o ject (u ualy a met al c st ru t ure) w here t he p rson an /or t he o ject are u der

t he influen e of t he field Diferent sit uation hav e t o b con idered de en in on t he typ of field (elect ric or

mag et ic) an the isolat ion level of t he p rson an / or the o ject with resp ct o t he e rt h

Cont act c r ent s ar e t o b u derst ood as t he p rmanent c r ent s ex ist in on e cont act has b en est abls ed

w it h con u tive o ject s Whet her d e t o an elect ric or a mag et ic field, t he o ject w it h w hic t he cont act is

made s al b e rt hed if t here is a r is of ex e din 1 mA

NOT E T his e rthin is relev ant o ly for larg o je t s Se Ann x F

Where t he cont act c rent is prod ced by an elect ric field, t he location an t he q alty of t he e rthin are not

crit ical Where t he cont act c rent is prod ced by a mag et ic field, the e rt hin has t o b a pled in t he

immediat e vicinity (t en of met ers) of t he p int of contact an ne d t o b of go d q alty

When t he p rson first comes int o contact w it h the con u t iv e o jec a sp rk dis harge (t ran ient c rent )

may oc ur Sp rk dis harges can b an an oyan e to w orkers an , w here neces ar y, a pro riat e mit igat ion

me s res are req ired t o prev ent t hem oc urin

Addit ional informat ion des ribin t hese phenomena an giv in ex amples of mit igat ion me s res is giv en in

Anne F

12 Ex posure during t ransient s and fault condit ions

Normal o erat ion of t ran mis ion an dist ribut ion s stems inv olv es v ariou w ay in whic voltages or

c rent s hig er than normal can b prod ced, but last in only v er y s ort p riod , typicaly only a few c cles

of t he 5 Hz wav eform

These t emp rary ex pos res are of t oo s ort a d rat ion t o con tit ute ov erex pos re, an no furt her act ion

ne d b t aken F r furt her det ais an ex planation se An ex G

Where cont roled fault s are a pled intentionaly, for ex ample for t est in or for fault location, t hen plan ed

prot ect iv e me s res s ould nonet heles b t aken t o en ure ex pos res remain low er t han t he ELV s

13 Addit ional requirement s for t he employer

13.1 W ork ers at partic lar risk

F lowin the general as es ment proced re giv en in Clau e 4, prot ect ion of wor kers at p rt ic lar ris ne d

t o b ev aluated, nev ert heles , w hen publc lmit s are not ex ce ded, this as es ment is not req ired In lne

w it h the EMF Directive, tw o cat ego es of workers at p rt ic lar ris ( WPR ) s al b con idered: preg ant

w omen an w orkers wit h implant ed or b d w orn medical dev ices Fig re 6 des rib s t he proces for a risk

as es ment for t hese WPR s

Fig re 6 — R is a s s me t or W ork ers at Part i ular R is

The preg ant workers refer ed t o in t he EMF Direct ive [1 ] are t he preg ant workers “who have informed

t heir employer of t heir con it ion” (Article 5.4)

NOT E 1 T he re uireme t or giv in t his informatio ma difer in a c ord nc e wit h n tio al le islat io

The workers wit h implant ed or b d w orn medical devices refered t o in the EMF Direct iv e [1 ] are t hose

w ho have declar ed t he u e of s c medical dev ices (Art icle 5.4) A pp n ix E of t he a plcat ion g ide [10]

giv es a lst of medical dev ices w ort h to b con idered

The ris as es ment for workers with implanted dev ices s al b done folowin EN 5 5 7 st an ar ds

NOT E 2 Me ic l impla ts are c ntin o sly d v elo in a d t herefore t he EN 5 5 7 st an ards d n t c ver al b d

worn d v ic s or p s iv e impla t s in prese t d y use, b t t he met ho s pro ose c n s l b a ple

13.2 Other re uireme ts

The res lt s of t he ris s as es ment s s al b recorded in a t race ble way

The employer s al refer t o t he national legislation in relation t o t he EMF Dir ect iv e t o lo k for ad it ional

Annex A

(informat ive)

Assessment of harmonics in magnet ic fields

A.1 Int roduct ion

Nonlne r lo d con ect ed t o t he grid cau e p riodic, non-sin soidal c rent s Mat hemat icaly these n

on-sin soidal c rent s are ex pres ed as a set of comp nent s at feq en ies t hat ar e mult iples of t he network

feq en y De en in on the typ of eq ipmen diferent c rent sp ct ra (amplt udes an phase an les) are

prod ced De en in on t he phase s ift , s p rp sin c rent s can can el out −18 °) or ad lne r l (0°)

The as es ment of non-sin soidal mag etic field ex pos re w hen harmonic are present eit her by calc latin

an s mmin al ex pos re in ex es for harmonic or by t he weig t ed p ak analy is req ires ac uisit ion of

mu h dat a an comple calc lat ion or me s rement s The n mb r of in t rument s prov idin harmonic

as es ment in a pro er w ay is sti very lmit ed

Thre met hod of as es ment for mag et ic field c ont ainin harmonic are present ed here The simplfied

as es ment met hod for t ran mis ion an dist ribution s stems (defined in 6.2.2) is ex plained in A.4 When

t he giv en ex pos re is not in t he s o e of t he simplfied as es ment met hod, it is recommen ed t o a ply the

met hod u in T I (A.2), an if t his fais t o demon t rat e complan e, t he more detaied as es ment u in t he

w eig t ed p ak met hod (A.3) s ould b a pled

Ac ordin t o t he Direct iv e, “In t he case of non-sin soidal field , t he ex pos re ev aluation caried out in

ac ordan e with Art icle 4 s al b b sed on t he weig ted p ak met hod (fit erin in t ime domain), ex plained in

t he pract ical g ides refered t o in Article 14, but other s ient ificaly proven an v aldated ex pos r e evaluat ion

proced res can b a pled, provided t hat hey le d t o a prox imat ely eq ivalent an comp ra le r es lt s”

A.2 Assessment Met hod using TEI

When con iderin harmonic , t he t ot al ex pos re in ex is t he s m of al t he ex pos re in ex es for t he diferent

feq en ies as the folow in formula demon t rat es for t he L w AL

Fig re A.1 — T I method apple to a ma netic field g n rate by a low volt ag fe d r

The first ex ample (Fig re A.1) is that of a low v olt age fe der in a smal s ale in u t rial sit e present in a

10 µT mag et ic field (at fu dament al feq en y, 5 Hz ) with re resentat iv e harmonic It can b e siy

as es ed by a plyin t he T I-eq at ion on t he sp ct r al comp nent s lst ed in t he t able on t he rig t of t he

gra h The tot al ex pos re in e is 0,13 (13 %) an t herefore is complan

The secon ex ample (Fig re A.2) con ern a non-sin soidal mag etic field ex pos re me s red close to t he

ex it at ion u it of a 4 0 MW generat or

Fig re A.2 — 3-ax is ma n tic field non-sin soid l ex pos re clos to th s p ly of a 4 0-MW -ga

-g n rato s ex cit ation

The t ot al L w AL ex pos re in e for al sp ct ral comp nent s of t his mag et ic field calc lat ed by F T (F st

Fourier Tran form) is 18 % In t his ex ample, only one harmonic comp nent ex ce d 5 % of t he

fu dament al The fift h harmonic is arou d 12 % Eig t sp ct ral comp nent s ex ce d 1 % of t he fu dament al

The t ot al ex pos re in e calc lat ed fom t he fu dament al an only t hese eig t harmonic is 4 % This

example demon t rat es t he sig ificant imp ct of noise when dat a fom me s rement in t rument s are u ed

an le As it is more comple than TEI as es ment it s ould b a pled w hen t he TEI-met hod fais t o

demon t rat e complan e w it h t he relevant lmit

A.3 Assessment using t he weight ed peak funct ion

The prin iple of weig ted p ak (WP) as es ment is to a ply t he inv erse L w A ct ion L v el c rv e as a fit er

(Fig re A.3) The ex pos re is complant when t he a solute v alues at t he out put of t his fit er do not ex ce d 1

The ex ample a ov e of t he ex cit at ion u it res lt s in 0,2 (2 %)

NOT E Some c mmercial field meters h v e impleme t ed t his met ho , prov idin e sy as es me t

The ide l fiter c an es it s phase s ift ex act ly at t he c t of feq en ies in a st epwise man er, w hie a re l

fit er’s t ran fer fu ct ion (G) provides a cont in ou fu ct ion (t he dott ed lne in t he t ran fer fu ct ion diagram)

The as es ment can b p rormed by a plyin a pro er analog e or digit al fiter, or can b calc lat ed fom

sample values u in F uriert ran form (F T), fit er fu ct ion , or t he conv olution integral

Fig re A.3 — Fit erin method u e for ap ly in th weig te pe k a s s me t

The folow in eq ation demon t rat e t he a plcation for as es ment of low action levels Usin other fit ers

w it h a pro riate p ramet ers t he w eig t ed p ak as es ment can b a pled for an ot her action lev els or

NOT E ICNIR P giv es t wo o t io s pie e wise ln ar a d R C fit er Howev er, t he u -p y sic al ste wise c a g of

p ase le ds t o n meric al pro lems a d u pre ict able result s

The t ran fer fu ct ion for R C-it ers is a set of six t ran fer fu ct ion ex pres in a c ain of fit ers

14

1

510

k = 1,2,5:

k

gkf

fϕ

fϕ