EN 206, Concrete — Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 1443, Chimneys — General requirements EN 1856-2:2009, Chimneys — Requirements for metal chimneys — Part 2: Me
General
The recommended minimum material specifications for rain caps include: a) Metal rain caps made from quality 1.4401, featuring a cap wall thickness of at least 0.6 mm, a minimum of three supports each with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm, and a dome/pyramid to height/size ratio of at least 10% b) Metal rain caps of quality 1.4301, also with a cap wall thickness of at least 0.6 mm, three supports of at least 1.0 mm thickness, and the same ratio requirement c) Metal rain caps made from EN AW – 4047A, requiring a cap wall thickness of at least 1.5 mm, three supports each with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm, and a ratio of at least 10% d) Concrete rain caps must have a compressive strength of at least C25/30.
According to EN 206, concrete must have a characteristic value of at least 25 MPa when tested on a 150 × 300 mm cylinder Additionally, there should be a minimum ratio of 20% between the thickness and the length of the longest side, along with the use of fixings such as tenon and mortise or similar assembly shapes, combined with appropriate mortar or jointing materials.
NOTE Method of fixing ww = double weld, wr = weld and rivet, rr = double rivet, b = bolt and washer, st = single self-tapping screw
The material of a metal rain cap shall be in accordance with EN 1856-2
The material of a concrete rain cap shall be in accordance with EN 1857 or EN 1858
The material of a plastic rain cap in contact with combustion products shall be in accordance with the chimney requirements of EN 14471 with the durability against UV (location class) LE.
Dimensions and tolerances
The thickness of material of the individual components of the rain cap shall be not less than that declared by the manufacturer.
Mechanical resistance and stability
Compressive strength
The rain cap must endure a load of 2.9 kN/m² ± 5% on its horizontal surface, as specified in the testing method outlined in section 5.1.2 After the test, the original free area of the rain cap should not be reduced by more than 10%.
NOTE 1 The value corresponds to the maximum snow load zone in accordance with EN 1991–1-3
Metal and concrete rain caps as described in 4.1 a) to d) are considered to meet the requirement
NOTE 2 Method of fixing ww = double weld, wr = weld and rivet, rr = double rivet, b = bolt and washer, st = single self-tapping screw.
Wind load
The rain cap must maintain at least 90% of its original free area after testing, as specified in section 5.1.3 This requirement is applicable when subjected to a minimum horizontal traction load of 1.5 kN/m² on the laterally projected surface area and a vertical traction load of 0.75 kN/m² on the upward projected surface area.
Metal and concrete rain caps as described in 4.1 a) to d) are considered to meet the requirement.
Resistance to freeze–thaw
Rain caps shall be tested for their freeze–thaw resistance in accordance with EN 14297
Metal and plastic products are considered deemed to satisfy freeze–thaw resistance.
Thermal performance
Reaction to fire
For plastic materials the manufacturer shall declare the class of reaction to fire as defined in
EN 14471:2013+A1:2015, 4.10, and test it in accordance with EN 14471:2013+A1:2015, 7.7.8.
Fire resistance
The rain cap must maintain at least 90% of its original free area after testing in accordance with section 5.2.2.1, ensuring minimal reduction in performance.
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 a) are deemed to satisfy the requirements of T600 and shall be designated as T600
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 b) are deemed to satisfy the requirements of T300 and shall be designated as T300
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 c) are deemed to satisfy the requirements of T200 and shall be designated as T200
Concrete rain caps as described in 4.1 d) are deemed to satisfy the requirements of T450 and shall be designated as T450
The rain cap must maintain at least 90% of its original free area after testing, as specified in section 5.2.2.2.
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 a) are considered to meet the requirement
Concrete rain caps as described in 4.1 d) are considered to meet the requirement.
Hygiene, health and environment
Corrosion resistance
The rain cap material must exhibit corrosion resistance that aligns with the quality standards of the corresponding flue liner material specified for that chimney designation, as outlined in EN 1857 and EN 1856-2.
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 a) are considered to be designated 3
Metal rain caps as described in 4.1 b) are considered to be designated 2
Metal rain caps made of material quality EN AW – 4047A and constructed as described in 4.1 are considered to be designated 1
Concrete rain caps made of material according to EN 1857 (or EN 1858) are considered to be designated 3.
Dangerous substances
National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets
In the absence of European harmonized test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use
An informative database on European and national regulations regarding dangerous substances is accessible on the Construction website at EUROPA.
Additional criteria for chimney operation
Cleaning of the chimney
For effective chimney cleaning with the rain cap in place, ensure that the distance allows a cleaning brush, suitable for the flue size, to exit the flue A minimum distance of 100 mm is recommended for optimal results.
If the rain cap is removable for cleaning purposes, it shall be secured appropriately against falling.
Rainwater ingress
The rain cap must be tested as per the method outlined in section 5.3.1, ensuring that the water collected in the flue does not exceed 0.05 mm³/s for each millimeter of flue diameter.
Rain caps must have an overall dimension that creates an angle of at least 27° from the vertical line extending from the edge of the rain cap to the edge of the flue to comply with requirements in calm weather conditions.
To effectively protect the top of the chimney from rain, it is advisable to ensure that the rain cap is at least the same size as the chimney's exterior dimensions.
Flow resistance of the rain cap
The manufacturer shall declare the coefficient of flow resistance of the rain cap
The declared value shall be determined according to the test method described in 5.3.2 or obtained from data given in Table B.1
A zeta value of maximum 1.5 is recommended A free area of at least 2 times the flue area satisfies this recommendation, without testing.
Ice formation
A rain cap subject to ice formation shall have an overlap of at least 50 mm greater than the chimney outer dimension in all directions
5 Testing, assessment and sampling methods
Mechanical resistance and stability
General
The rain cap shall be mounted according to the manufacturer's instructions on the top of a test assembly supported.
Compressive strength
The rain cap shall be mounted according to the manufacturer's instructions on a simulated chimney top supported (see Figure 1)
Figure 1 — Example of a test assembly for compressive strength
Measure the free area of the rain cap
A vertical load of 2.9 kN/m², with a tolerance of ± 5%, must be evenly applied to the top of the rain cap unit's horizontal surface This load should be maintained for a duration of 5 minutes, with a permissible variation of ± 1 minute After this period, measure the free area.
To apply an evenly distributed load, cover the rain cap with a sandbag that conforms to the shape of the terminal, allowing the remaining load to be added with extra weight.
Record the free area before and after the test.
Wind load
The rain cap shall be mounted in a simulated chimney top supported according to the manufacturer's instructions (see Figure 2a) and Figure 2b))
M upward Load in kN a) Example of test assembly for wind load
(horizontal traction) b) Example of test assembly for wind load (vertical traction) Figure 2 — Example of test assembly for wind load
Apply a uniform test load of 1.5 kN/m² on the laterally projected surface area for horizontal traction, as illustrated in Figure 2a, and a load of 0.75 kN/m² on the upward projected surface area for vertical traction, as shown in Figure 2b.
To achieve an evenly distributed load for horizontal traction, a leather collar should be placed around the top of the rain cap, spanning 180° For vertical traction, a hook can be affixed to the center of the rain cap surface.
Record the free area before and after the test.
Thermal performance
Test assembly
The rain cap shall be mounted in a simulated chimney top supported according to the manufacturers' instructions (see Figure 3)
D Diameter of hot gas connecting pipe
Figure 3 — Example of test assembly for fire resistance
5.2.1.2 Vertical section of the chimney
The length of the vertical section of chimney from the centre line of the hot gas connecting pipe to the rain cap shall be (4 ± 1).D, and have a thermal resistance ≥ 0,12 m 2 K/W
The flue size of the vertical section shall be equal to the cross sectional area of the maximum nominal flue size for which the rain cap is suitable
Construct an insulated straight flue pipe with a diameter equal to the maximum nominal flue size compatible with the rain cap The pipe should be approximately seven diameters long, measured from the center line of the flue gas generator to the test chimney entry It must be insulated to achieve a thermal resistance equivalent to at least 50 mm of material with a thermal conductivity of (0.125 ± 0.005) W/mK at (750 ± 5) °C.
The test apparatus must include a hot gas generator that produces hot gas at specified rates and temperatures as outlined in Table 1, based on the designation and flue diameter Additionally, the overall temperature distribution factor (OTDF) at the chimney entry measuring point should not exceed 1.05, as detailed in Annex E.
To ensure that no flame enters the test sample during fuel combustion, the generated hot gas must maintain a CO/CO₂ ratio of no greater than 0.01.
A test apparatus featuring a fan and an electric heater can generate hot gas at specified rates and temperatures, as outlined in Table 1, with a maximum temperature limit of 250 °C based on the designation and flue diameter.
Test Procedure
Generate hot gas with a volume flow rate within ±10% of the specified value and maintain the test temperature within ±0.5% of the values listed in Table 1, corresponding to the product designation and diameter Control the rate of temperature increase of the hot gas to reach the designated gas temperature (Tt) within the required timeframe.
Maintain the flue gas temperature at the specified test temperature at
Allow the assembly to cool to ambient temperature
To achieve the specified hot gas velocity and temperature as outlined in Table 1, ensure that the test assembly temperatures are maintained within 10 °C of the ambient conditions in the test room Regulate the hot gas temperature to rise to 1,000 °C within a time frame of (10 ± 1) minutes.
Maintain the hot gas temperature at 1 000 20
− + °C for a period of (30 ± 1) min, then turn off the hot gas generator
Allow the assembly to cool to ambient temperature
Record the free area before and after the test
Table 1 — Hot gas velocity as a function of test temperature T and diameter of the test chimney
Hot gas velocity in m/s at test temperature
NOTE The table refers to a maximum diameter of 200 mm Hot gas velocities for other sizes are possible by calculating according to EN 13384–1.
Additional criteria for chimney operation
Rainwater ingress
The flue size of the test assembly shall be equal to the cross sectional area of the maximum nominal flue size for which the rain cap is suitable
The rainmaking installation is made up of parallel pipes in a horizontal plane The tubes have small spray holes (placed vertically downwards)
The spray holes are uniformly positioned above the wire mesh, allowing water to be distributed through a fine wire mesh measuring 1.3 ± 0.1 mm in width, resulting in the water falling as raindrops A typical configuration is illustrated in Figure 4.
3 pipes with spray holes 6 wind generator
Figure 4 — Rainwater ingress test assembly
The rain intensity measured is (1.6 ± 0.2) mm per minute, specifically calibrated in front of the wind generator The maximum area of the rain cap's top should not exceed 20% of the calibrated area Additionally, the wind generator produces a horizontal airflow at a velocity of (12 ± 0.5) m/s at the test product's location, with the outlet designed to be either square or circular.
Before conducting rain ingress tests, it is essential to calibrate the test assembly This involves placing five buckets, each with a diameter of 150 mm, at the corners and center of a rectangular area, aligned with the flue gas outlet's center Ensure that the rain cap's top area is less than 20% of the area circumscribed by the buckets Begin the calibration test for 10 minutes in windy conditions, measuring the rain intensity, which should be (1.6 ± 0.1) mm/min by weighing the buckets.
To ensure proper functionality, seal the duct outlet and position the rain cap according to Figure 4, aligning the flue outlet with the center of the wind generator's opening Activate the wind and rain system, and measure the volume of water entering the flue.
Record the amount of water entering the flue.
Flow resistance of the rain cap
An apparatus designed for testing a rain cap must include a fan and feature adjustable throughput based on the dimensions of the test sample Additionally, an appropriate flow measurement method should be properly sized to ensure accurate results.
The diameter of the straight measurement tube must match the cross-sectional area of the maximum nominal flue size compatible with the rain cap The length of the tube below the rain cap should be at least six times the nominal internal diameter Pressure measurement tubes should be positioned approximately three times the nominal flue size from the rain cap, with at least three 1 mm diameter tubes evenly distributed around the tube's circumference in a plane perpendicular to its axis These tubes must feature smooth openings to the inside of the measurement tube and are essential for determining the average static pressure within the tube.
The test shall specify the following parameters:
Table 2 outlines the measurement parameters with their respective tolerances: the ambient air temperature in the test room is maintained at ±1 °C, atmospheric pressure values are accurate within ±50 Pa, static pressure is measured with a tolerance of ±1 Pa, and the pressure difference is recorded at ±0.2 Pa Additionally, the velocities of the air flow in the measurement tube are monitored with a precision of ±0.1 m/s, while the dimensions of the rain cap are specified with a tolerance of ±1 mm.
The following parameters are required for an assessment of flow resistance of the rain cap:
— ambient air temperatures in the test room shall remain in a range between 20 °C and 30 °C;
— air velocity in the tube w F = (2 ± 0,2) m/s
Mount the rain cap above the measurement tube according to the manufacturer’s instructions (see Figure 5)
Deliver air by means of the fan at a nominal velocity in the measurement tube of (2 ± 0,2) m/s
Measure the pressure difference between the static pressure in the measurement tube and the pressure in the test room The pressure difference shall be recorded
Measurements will be conducted twice: first without the rain cap and then with it The flow resistance of the rain cap is determined by the difference between these two measurements.
The results shall be presented for the rain cap as:
— air velocity in the measuring tube w F in m/s;
— coefficient of flow resistance ζ according to Formula 1;
— geometrical data of the rain cap;
1ρ ζ (1) where: ζ is the coefficient of flow resistance;
P F is the measured static pressure in the measuring tube, in Pascals; ρ is the density of air at the test conditions; w n is the nominal velocity, in meters per second
D diameter of measurement tube a pressure measuring tube
Figure 5 — Flow resistance test assembly
6 Assessment and Verification of the Constancy of Performance (AVCP)
General
The compliance of a rain cap with the requirements of this standard and with the stated values (including classes) shall be demonstrated by:
— determination of the product type;
— factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment
The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the conformity of the product with its declared performance(s).
Type testing
General
Manufacturers must determine all performance characteristics outlined in this standard when declaring their respective performances, unless the standard allows for declarations based on existing data, conventional wisdom, or previously accepted performance metrics without the need for new tests.
Previous assessments conducted in line with this standard may be considered if they utilized the same or a more stringent testing method, followed the same AVCP system, and pertained to the same product or products with similar design, construction, and functionality, ensuring the results are relevant to the product in question.
For assessment purposes, products from the same manufacturer can be categorized into families, where the characteristics of one or more products are deemed representative of those same characteristics across all products within that family.
NOTE Products may be grouped in different families for different characteristics
Reference to the assessment method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample
In addition, the determination of the product type shall be performed for all characteristics included in the standard for which the manufacturer declares the performance:
— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified rain cap (unless a member of the same product range), or
Whenever a new or modified production method is introduced, it is essential to reassess the relevant properties This evaluation should also be conducted whenever there are changes in the rain cap design, raw materials, component suppliers, or production methods that could significantly impact one or more characteristics.
When components are utilized with predefined characteristics established by the manufacturer through assessments based on other product standards, there is no need for re-evaluation of these characteristics It is essential to document the specifications of these components.
Products with regulatory markings that comply with relevant European specifications are assumed to meet the performance claims stated in the Declaration of Performance (DoP) However, this assumption does not absolve the rain cap manufacturer from the responsibility of ensuring that the entire rain cap is properly manufactured and that its components possess the declared performance values.
Manufacturer's declaration for type test
The manufacturer must supply essential details as outlined in Clause 7, including the rain cap size and the maximum nominal flue size it accommodates, the raw materials used along with their minimum thicknesses, manufacturing tolerances, the weight of the rain cap affecting the chimney load, and the method of installation.
Test samples, testing and compliance criteria
The number of samples of rain caps to be tested/assessed shall be in accordance with Table 3
Table 3 — Number of samples to be tested and compliance criteria
Characteristic Requirement Assessment method No of samples Compliance criteria
Dangerous substances 4.5.2 Relevant national regulations 1 4.5.2
Sampling for type testing
The size of products to be tested shall be according to Annex C
The results of all type tests shall be recorded and held by the manufacturer, until superseded.
Further type testing
Any modifications to product design, raw materials, suppliers, or production processes that affect the tolerances or requirements outlined in Clauses 4 and 5 necessitate the repetition of type tests for the relevant characteristics.
Test reports
Test reports documenting the determination of the product type must be retained by the manufacturer for a minimum of 10 years following the last production date of the related rain caps.
Shared other party results
A manufacturer can leverage product type determination results from another source, such as another manufacturer or a product developer, to support their own performance declaration for a product that shares the same design, dimensions, raw materials, constituents, and manufacturing methods, as long as certain conditions are met.
– the results are known to be valid for products with the same essential characteristics relevant for the product performance;
The other party responsible for determining the product type has agreed to provide the manufacturer with the test results and report necessary for product type determination This includes essential information about the product's performance characteristics, as well as details regarding the production facilities and the production control process relevant for Factory Production Control (FPC).
– the manufacturer using other party results accepts to remain responsible for the product having the declared performances and he also:
The product must maintain identical performance characteristics to the one evaluated for product type determination, ensuring no significant differences in production facilities or the production control process compared to the original product.
It is essential to maintain a copy of the product type determination report, which includes crucial information for verifying that the product is manufactured consistently with the same design, using identical raw materials, constituents, and manufacturing methods.
Cascading determination of the product type results
Certain construction products are provided by companies known as "system houses," which supply or guarantee the supply of various components, such as profiles, gaskets, and weather strips for windows These components are supplied based on an agreement to an assembler, who then manufactures the final product in their factory.
1 The formulation of such an agreement can be done by licence, contract, or any other type of written consent
A written agreement, such as a contract or license, must clearly outline the responsibilities and liabilities of both the component producer (system house) and the assembler of the finished product.
3 These companies may produce components but they are not required to do so
A system house, legally established for manufacturing or assembling products, can assume responsibility for defining the product type based on key characteristics of an end product This end product is then manufactured or assembled by other companies in their own facilities.
The system house must provide an "assembled product" made from its own or externally sourced components for product type determination, and subsequently share the product type report with the assemblers, who are the actual manufacturers responsible for the product in the market.
In addressing this situation, the cascading determination of product type should be included in the technical specifications, particularly for characteristics that involve the intervention of a notified product certification body or a notified test laboratory.
The product type report obtained by the system house from a notified body can be utilized for regulatory marking by assemblers without needing to engage the notified body again for the determination of essential characteristics that have already been tested, as long as certain conditions are met.
The assembler produces a product using the same combination of components and assembly methods as specified in the product type report obtained by the system house If the report is based on a component combination that does not accurately represent the final market-ready product, or if the assembly deviates from the system house's instructions, the assembler must submit the finished product for a new product type determination.
— the system house has notified to the manufacturer the instructions for manufacturing/assembling the product and installation guidance;
The manufacturer is responsible for ensuring the product is assembled correctly, following the provided manufacturing and assembly instructions, as well as the installation guidance communicated by the system house.
The manufacturing and assembly instructions, along with installation guidance provided by the system house, are essential components of the assembler's Factory Production Control system and play a crucial role in the formulation of the product type report.
The assembler must maintain documented evidence that the combination of components and manufacturing methods used align with the product type report obtained by the system house It is essential for the assembler to keep a copy of this determination report for reference.
The assembler is responsible for ensuring that the product meets the declared performance standards, encompassing both its design and manufacture, regardless of any agreements made with the system house regarding liability This responsibility is affirmed when the assembler affixes the regulatory marking to the product.
Factory production control (FPC)
General
The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declared performance of the essential characteristics
The FPC system will include established procedures, routine inspections, and assessments to effectively manage and control raw materials, components, equipment, the production process, and the final product.
All the elements, requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer shall be documented in a systematic manner in the form of written policies and procedures
This factory production control system documentation aims to establish a shared understanding of performance evaluation, ensuring that the required product standards are met It facilitates the effective operation of the production control system, allowing for the verification of product performance Ultimately, factory production control integrates operational techniques and measures necessary for maintaining and ensuring compliance with the declared essential characteristics of the product.
In case the manufacturer has used shared or cascading product type results, the FPC shall also include the appropriate documentation as foreseen in 6.2.7 and 6.2.8.
Sampling
For an example for sampling for FPC see Annex D.
Requirements
General
The manufacturer must ensure the effective implementation of the FPC system according to the product standard It is essential to document the tasks and responsibilities within the production control organization and maintain this documentation regularly.
The roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in managing, executing, or verifying work that impacts product consistency must be clearly defined This is especially crucial for those tasked with initiating preventive measures against product inconsistencies, addressing issues when they arise, and identifying and documenting problems related to product consistency.
Personnel involved in tasks that impact product performance must possess the necessary competence, which is determined by their education, training, skills, and experience It is essential to maintain records of these qualifications.
In each factory the manufacturer may delegate the action to a person having the necessary authority to:
— identify procedures to demonstrate constancy of performance of the product at appropriate stages;
— identify and record any instance of non-constancy;
— identify procedures to correct instances of non-constancy
The manufacturer must create and maintain up-to-date documentation for factory production control (FPC) that aligns with the product and manufacturing process The FPC system should instill confidence in the product's consistent performance, which requires: a) developing documented procedures and instructions for FPC operations based on technical specifications; b) effectively implementing these procedures; c) recording operations and their outcomes; and d) utilizing these results to address deviations, rectify non-conformities, and, if necessary, revise the FPC to eliminate the causes of performance inconsistencies.
In subcontracting scenarios, the manufacturer must maintain overall control of the product and ensure access to all necessary information to meet their responsibilities as outlined by the European standard.
When a manufacturer outsources any aspect of a product's design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, processing, or labeling to a subcontractor, the subcontractor's Factory Production Control (FPC) may be considered relevant for the specific product.
The manufacturer who subcontracts all of his activities may in no circumstances pass the above responsibilities on to a subcontractor
Manufacturers with a Factory Production Control (FPC) system that meets the EN ISO 9001 standard and adheres to the current European standard are deemed to fulfill the FPC requirements outlined in Regulation (EU) No 305/2011.
Equipment
All weighing, measuring and testing equipment shall be calibrated and regularly inspected according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria
Regular inspection and maintenance of all manufacturing equipment are essential to prevent inconsistencies in the production process due to use, wear, or failure These inspections and maintenance activities must follow the manufacturer's written procedures, with records retained for the duration specified in the manufacturer's FPC procedures.
Raw materials and components
All incoming raw materials and components must have documented specifications, along with an inspection scheme to ensure compliance When using supplied kit components, their performance consistency must align with the relevant harmonized technical specifications.
The material shall be controlled in accordance with the relevant product standards for the material of the rain cap
The following information shall be given: a) Material type b) Structural section c) Additional components - nuts, bolts, fixings
Supplier's declaration for material type and properties is allowed, provided that the supplier has an appropriate quality assurance system
The following information shall be given: a) Type - Including identification or composition, when the conformity certificate is not available b) Dimensions
Supplier's declaration for material type and properties is allowed, provided that the supplier has an appropriate quality assurance system
Products must be identifiable and traceable to their production origin Manufacturers are required to implement written procedures that ensure regular inspections of the processes involved in applying traceability codes and markings.
The manufacturer shall plan and carry out production under controlled conditions
Dimensions of critical parts shall be confirmed during the manufacturing and/or on completion: a) material thickness; b) size c) upstand/height; d) construction characteristic (e.g rivets)
The free area of completed rain cap (e.g taking account of support dimensions) shall be checked during the manufacturing process
The manufacturer shall establish procedures to ensure that the stated values of the characteristics he declares are maintained The characteristics, and the means of control, are:
— Compressive strength: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 5.1.2, at least once during the initial type test;
— Fire resistance: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 5.2, at least at least once during the initial type test;
— Flow resistance: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 5.3.2, at least once during the initial type test;
— Thermal shock resistance: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 5.2, at least once during the initial type test;
— Flexural tensile strength: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 5.1.3, at least at least once during the initial type test
An example of sampling for FPC is given in Annex D
The manufacturer must establish documented procedures for handling non-compliant products All incidents of non-compliance should be recorded as they happen, and these records must be maintained for the duration specified in the manufacturer's written guidelines.
If a product does not meet the acceptance criteria, the regulations for non-compliant products will be enforced Immediate corrective actions will be implemented, and any non-compliant products or batches will be isolated and clearly identified.
Once the fault has been corrected, the test or verification in question shall be repeated
All control and test results must be accurately documented, including the product description, manufacturing date, adopted test method, test results, and acceptance criteria, all signed by the responsible individual.
Any control results that do not comply with this European standard must have documented corrective measures taken to address the issue, such as conducting additional tests, modifying the manufacturing process, or discarding or rectifying the product.
The manufacturer must implement documented procedures to address and eliminate the causes of non-conformities, ensuring they do not recur Additionally, the manufacturer is required to establish clear procedures for managing non-conforming products.
The manufacturer shall have procedures providing methods of product handling and shall provide suitable storage areas preventing damage or deterioration.
Product specific requirements
The FPC system shall address this European Standard and ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declaration of performance
The FPC system will incorporate a product-specific FPC that outlines procedures for demonstrating product compliance at various stages This includes controls and tests to be conducted before and during manufacturing, as specified in the FPC test plan, as well as verifications and tests on finished products, also following the frequency established in the FPC test plan.
When a manufacturer relies solely on finished products, the processes outlined in section b) will ensure that the product achieves a compliance level equivalent to that of a product subjected to Factory Production Control (FPC) during its manufacturing.
When a manufacturer conducts certain production processes in-house, it can lead to a reduction in operations categorized under b), which may be partially substituted with those under a) Typically, the greater the extent of production handled by the manufacturer, the more operations under b) can be replaced by those under a).
In any case the operation shall lead to an equivalent level of compliance of the product as if FPC had been carried out during the production
NOTE Depending on the specific case, it can be necessary to carry out the operations referred to under a) and b), only the operations under a) or only those under b)
The operations mentioned pertain to the intermediate states of products during manufacturing, including adjustments to machines and measuring equipment The selection of controls and tests, along with their frequency, should be determined by factors such as the product type and composition, the complexity of the manufacturing process, and the sensitivity of product features to variations in manufacturing parameters.
The manufacturer must create and keep records that demonstrate the sampling and testing of production These records should clearly indicate if the production meets the specified acceptance criteria and must be retained for a minimum of three years.
Procedure for modifications
Any changes to the product, production process, or FPC system that may impact the declared product characteristics must lead to a reassessment of all affected performance characteristics This reassessment should follow the product type determination process outlined in section 6.2.1.
Where relevant, a re-assessment of the factory and of the FPC system shall be performed for those aspects, which may be affected by the modification
All assessments and their results shall be documented in a report
Manufacturer's instructions
The manufacturer’s instructions shall be available in the language of the country of destination.
Minimum information to be included in the manufacturer's instructions
The article must include essential information such as the manufacturer's identification and product designation, along with the maximum nominal flue size and chimney outer dimensions suitable for the rain cap, particularly in areas prone to ice formation Additionally, it should specify the weight of the product and provide a typical installation drawing It is crucial that the chimney plate is marked to indicate the fitting of a rain cap and its flow resistance coefficient Furthermore, the installation must comply with local regulations, including those related to lightning protection and combustible roof materials The article should also mention the coefficient of flow ζ, the product's reaction to fire, and any other relevant details as necessary.
— specific methods or tools for cleaning
General
The rain cap shall be designated with the temperature class, corrosion class, and sootfire resistance, in accordance with the following designation system:
Soot-fire resistance class (G yes or O no) (see 8.4)
Temperature classes and test temperature
Table 4 identifies the temperature class for the rain cap working temperature, and gives the test temperature for the temperature level
Table 4 — Temperature classes and test temperatures
Temperature class Nominal working Temperature
(T) in °C Flue gas test temperature in °C
Corrosion resistance
Corrosion resistance classes for various fuels are given in Table 5
≤ 50 mg/m 3 , natural gas L + H gas natural gas L + H gas natural gas L + H
- liquid kerosene: sulfur- content ≤ 50 mg/m 3 oil: sulfur-content ≤ 0,2 mass
≥ 50 mg/m 3 oil: sulfur-content > 0,2 mass
- wood – wood in open fire places wood in open fire places wood in closed stoves
Soot fire resistance
The rain cap shall be designated O if it is non-sootfire resistant, or G if it is sootfire resistant
Rain cap
The rain cap must display essential information, either directly on the product or on its label/packaging This includes the product designation as specified in Clause 8, the manufacturer's name or trademark, and the manufacturing batch or product reference from the manufacturer.
NOTE For CE marking and CE labelling, see Annex ZA.
Packaging
Each package in a consignment must be clearly labeled with essential information, including the product designation as per Clause 8, the manufacturer's name or trademark, nominal flue sizes, and rain cap sizes.
The following criteria for in the construction of the metal and concrete rain cap are considered suitable without test
Construction wall thickness wall thickness
Compressive strength of the concrete at least C25/30 according to
EN 206 (characteristic value ≥ 25 MPa on 150 x
300 cylinder) rain cap ≥ 0,6 mm rain cap ≥
1,5 mm Shape of the cap:
≥ three supports Thickness/length of longest side ≥ 20
Method of fixing: Method of fixing: Fixing with tenon and mortise or similar assembly shape + mortar or jointing material
Mortar / jointing according to EN 1858 ww, wr, rr, b, sta rr, b, sta Band and strap fixing for chimneys with liner upstand Masonry screw fixing for masonry chimney top
Designation T450 (according to EN 1857 or
Sootfire resistant Designation G Designation O Designation O G designation according to EN 1857 or EN 1858 (see 4.4.2.2)
Corrosion resistance Designation 3 Designation 2 Designation 1 Designation 3 (see 4.5.1)
Ingress Fulfilled for overhang 27° from the vertical of a line from the edge of the rain cap to the edge of flue (see 4.6.2)
Flow resistance Fulfilled for a free area of at least 2 times the flue area
“pass” for freeze/thaw or
“pass” for freeze/thaw or EN 206 class XF3
To ensure proper ice formation, a free area must be maintained that is at least twice the flue area, provided the rain cap overlap exceeds the chimney's outer dimensions by at least 50 mm in all directions Refer to section 4.6.4 for further details The following abbreviations are used: ww for double weld, wr for weld and rivet, rr for double rivet, b for bolt and washer, and st for single self-tapping screw.
Interpolations between the cited parameters are admissible
Table B.1 — Individual coefficients of flow resistance for rain caps
No Shapes Geometric dimensions ζ-values
NOTE This is extracted from EN 13384–1:2015, B.8
Choice of size for type test and sampling
General
All rain cap sizes within a range of products of the same design and designation shall be deemed to meet the requirements met by the tested samples.
Fire resistance
Thermal performance shall be undertaken on the smallest rain cap size that is suitable for the maximum nominal flue size up to and including 200 mm.
Mechanical resistance and stability
Mechanical resistance and stability shall be undertaken on rain cap sizes having the smallest, largest and one rain cap size in between.
Rainwater ingress
Flow resistance
Resistance to freeze–thaw
Only for concrete products, see fire resistance in C.2
Example of sampling for factory production control
Sampling plans
General
Sampling plans should be selected from the tables published in ISO 2859-1.
Acceptable quality level (AQL)
The Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) must be determined based on the specific characteristics of the inspection feature being evaluated For major defects, a sampling plan should utilize an AQL of 4.0 It is the manufacturer's responsibility to classify the defects.
The inspection level
The inspection level defines the relationship between the batch size and the sample size, all incoming goods should be subjected to inspection level II.
Normal, tightened or reduce inspection
Initial normal inspection is required for all incoming materials After accepting 10 consecutive batches through original inspection, a switch to reduced inspection is permitted, continuing until a batch is rejected, at which point normal inspection resumes Additionally, if two out of five successive batches are rejected during original inspection, tightened inspection can be implemented, remaining in effect until five consecutive batches are accepted, after which normal inspection will be reinstated.
Single, double, multiple or sequential sampling
Unless otherwise specified, all incoming material should be subjected to single sampling plans.
Batch quantity
Once the first four variables have been decided, the sampling plan tables should indicate the amount of samples to be inspected for any given batch quantity
All information regarding levels of inspection should be indicated where appropriate on the inspection records.
Inspection levels and procedures
Incoming material
The sample was inspected according to ISO 2859-1 with an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) of 2.5, utilizing general inspection level II and a single sampling plan for normal inspection This process includes switching rules for tightening or reducing inspection as needed Additionally, all mill certifications are verified against the applicable technical specifications.
In-process inspection
The following inspections shall be done: a) All dimensional aspects
An inspection of the product shall be carried out following any change in manufacturing procedure
A preliminary inspection is conducted by the setter or supervisor for each machine operation, after which operators perform four unrecorded dimensional checks per batch using go-no-go gauges Additionally, joint leakage tests are carried out to ensure quality.
Straight lengths test rate = 1 per week
Adjustable elbows test rate = 1 per day
Volume and density checks
Every month, volume and density checks are performed on all insulated products, regardless of their length and diameter This systematic program ensures that a specific quantity of products is tested annually.
Finished goods checks
Prior to packaging, each unit undergoes a visual inspection for damage, and the carton is stamped with the date of manufacture Additionally, once a week, four random samples from a specific product range are selected for comprehensive dimensional checks, including joint leakage tests and weight assessments, following a formalized program.
Method of measuring the hot gas temperature
Use a calibrated thermocouple Its position is determined by a temperature traverse during the first thermal cycle as follows:
Position the hot gas thermocouple at the center of the flue pipe using one of the two apertures, which are oriented at right angles to each other, ensuring it is set at a height of (50 ± 2) mm from the entrance of the test chimney.
— Fire the hot gas generator at the velocity specified in Table 1 and regulate it to produce the nominated hot gas temperature
— After firing for not less than 10 min, take 10 equally spaced temperature measurements along two traverses at right angles across the flue pipe cross section (see Figure E.1)
— Determine the location of the highest temperature of these two traverses and position the thermocouple there for the test
— Re-adjust the hot gas generator to obtain the nominated hot gas temperature
— Alternatively, a thermocouple grid may be used to determine the OTDF (Overall Temperature Distribution Factor)
Figure E.1 — Place for the measuring point for the hot gas
Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU) No.305/2011
(When applying this standard as a harmonized standard under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, manufacturers and Member States are obliged by this regulation to use this annex)
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics
This European Standard was developed in response to standardization request M/105 concerning chimneys, flues, and specific products, as well as the horizontal Mandate M/117 and its revisions, issued to CEN and CENELEC by the European Commission (EC) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
When cited in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, this European Standard can serve as a foundation for creating the Declaration of Performance (DoP) and for CE marking, starting from the commencement of the co-existence period outlined in the OJEU.
Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, as amended, contains provisions for the DoP and the CE marking
Table ZA.1 — Relevant clauses for product [rain caps] and intended use [protection against rain entry into chimney flues]
Intended use: Protection against rain entry into chimney flues
Essential Characteristics Clauses of this European
Standard related to essential characteristics
Classes and/or thresholds Notes
Flow resistance 4.6.3 Flow resistance None coefficient of flow resistance
ZA.2 System of Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP)
The AVCP system for rain caps, detailed in Table ZA.1, is outlined in the European Commission's legal acts, specifically EC Decision 95/467/EC from September 27, 1995, and its amendment, Decision 01/596/EC, as referenced in Annex III of the mandate concerning "Chimneys, flues, and specific products."
Micro-enterprises can utilize a simplified procedure under AVCP system 4 for products governed by AVCP system 3, as outlined in Article 37 of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011.
ZA.3 Assignment of AVCP tasks
The AVCP system for rain caps, detailed in Table ZA.1 and defined in Table ZA.3.1, is established through the application of relevant European Standards The responsibilities of the notified body are restricted to the essential characteristics outlined in Annex III of the applicable standardization request, as well as those characteristics the manufacturer chooses to declare.
Manufacturers must undertake specific tasks for the assessment and verification of the constancy of performance of their products, considering the AVCP systems defined for those products and their intended uses.
Table ZA.3.1 — Assignment of AVCP tasks for rain caps under system 4
Tasks Content of the task AVCP clauses to apply
An assessment of the performance of the construction product on the basis of testing, calculation, tabulated values or descriptive documentation of that product
Flow resistance of Table ZA.1 relevant for the intended use which are declared
Parameters related to flow resistance of Table ZA.1 relevant for the intended use 6.3
[1] EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-3: General actions — Snow loads
[2] EN 13384-1:2015, Chimneys — Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods — Part 1:
Chimneys serving one heating appliance
[3] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001)
[4] ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
[5] EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition and form of wrought products — Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products