Bsi bs en 15312 2007 + a1 2010

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy...

Materials

Materials !shall" be selected and protected such that the structural integrity of the equipment manufac- tured from them is not affected before the next relevant maintenance inspection

NOTE The provisions relating to certain materials in this European Standard do not imply that other equivalent materials are unsuitable in the manufacture of multi-sports equipment

The selection of materials and their use should be in accordance with the appropriate European Standards where applicable

Particular care should be taken in the choice of materials where equipment is to be used in extreme climatic or atmospheric conditions

Where very low or very high temperatures can be anticipated care should be taken with material selection to avoid possible hazards through direct skin contact

When selecting materials for equipment, it is crucial to consider their eventual disposal and any potential environmental toxic hazards associated with them.

Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy

Information regarding the identification and classification of dangerous substances is available in Directive 67/548/EEC, which covers their classification, packaging, and labeling Additionally, the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, established by the European Parliament and Council on December 18, 2006, addresses the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH).

Structural integrity

The structural integrity and stability of the equipment must be evaluated through one of the following methods, unless specified otherwise in Clause 5: a) calculations as outlined in Annexes A and B, b) physical testing in accordance with Annex C, or c) a combination of either calculations or physical testing.

When calculations are carried out in accordance with Annex B, no limit states shall be exceeded at combinations of loads as given in B.2

When tested in accordance with Annex C, the equipment shall not show any cracks, damage or excessive permanent deformation

For some equipment, these specific calculations or tests are not always appropriate, but the structural integrity shall be at least equivalent

For a family of products, the structural integrity for the worst case of the intended combinations shall be proved

Each structure shall resist both the permanent and variable loads acting on equipment and parts of equipment as described in Annex C

NOTE 1 No allowance for accidental loads, i.e loads produced by fire, collision by vehicles or earthquake, need to-be made for multi-sports equipment

Fatigue loads are typically significantly lower than the loads calculated with appropriate load factors as per B.2 Consequently, equipment generally does not require verification for fatigue.

Structural parts shall resist the worst case loading condition

NOTE 3 In order to achieve this, it can be necessary to remove that part of the user load causing favourable effects, as shown in Figure 1

1 part of the load to be removed because of favourable effects

Finish of equipment

Wooden equipment shall be made of wood with a low susceptibility to splintering The surface finish of equipment made of other materials (e.g glass fibre) shall be non-splintering

Rough surfaces should not present any risk of injury

All accessible parts of the equipment must be free from protruding nails, projecting wires, rope terminations, or any sharp-edged components Any corners, edges, or projecting parts that extend more than 8 mm and are not shielded by adjacent areas within 25 mm must be rounded off, ensuring safety and compliance.

To ensure safety and compliance, all protruding bolt threads on accessible equipment must be permanently covered, such as with dome-headed nuts Additionally, nuts and bolt heads that extend less than 8 mm should be free of burrs, and all welds must be ground smooth.

NOTE Figure 2 shows examples of protection for nuts and bolts

Figure 2 — Examples of protection for nuts and bolts

Entrapment

Moving parts

There shall be no crushing points or shearing points between moving and/or stationary parts of the equipment in accordance with 4.4.2.

Protection against entrapment

4.4.2.1 Entrapment of the head and neck

Equipment must be designed to prevent head and neck entrapment hazards from both head-first and feet-first passage Potential hazards include completely bound openings that allow users to slide through, partially bound or V-shaped openings, and other types of openings such as shearing or moving ones.

Accessible completely bound openings with a lower edge more than 600 mm above ground shall be tested in accordance with D.3.1

Small probes n°1 and n°2 shall not pass through any opening unless it also allows the passage of large probe n°3

Non-rigid parts (e.g ropes) shall not overlap if this creates apertures that are not in accordance with the above

4.4.2.1.3 Partially bound and V-shaped openings

Partially bound and V-shaped openings with an entrance height of 600 mm or more must be designed to ensure that either the opening is inaccessible when tested according to D.3.2, or if it is accessible at a height of 600 mm or more, it must meet specific compliance requirements based on the angular orientation range of the opening.

In Range 1, the template's center line is positioned at an angle of ± 45° from the vertical The apex of the template makes contact with the base of the opening, and the depth of the opening is shorter than the length of the template extending to the underside of the shoulder section.

In Range 2, when the template center line is positioned from horizontal to +45°, the depth of the opening must be less than the 'A' portion of the template when the apex contacts the base If the opening's depth exceeds the 'A' portion, all parts above this section must permit the insertion of the shoulder section of the template or probe n°3.

 Range 3: no template test requirements

Equipment must be designed to prevent hazardous situations that could lead to entrapment This includes avoiding gaps where fingers could be caught while the rest of the body is in motion, eliminating open-ended tubes or pipes, and ensuring that variable gaps, excluding chains, are not present.

Openings and holes with a lower edge exceeding 1,000 mm above the playing surface must meet specific requirements Firstly, an 8 mm finger rod should not be able to pass through the minimum cross-section of the opening, and the design must ensure that the rod cannot be locked in any position when in motion Alternatively, if the 8 mm finger rod can pass through, a 25 mm finger rod must also be able to do so, as long as the opening does not allow access to another site where fingers could become trapped Additionally, the ends of tubes and pipes must be sealed to eliminate the risk of finger entrapment.

The closures shall not be removable without using tools

Gaps whose dimensions change during use of the equipment shall have a minimum dimension in any position of 18 mm.

Protection against injuries due to movement

The area surrounding the equipment must be free of unexpected obstacles that could lead to injuries if encountered by the user Expected obstacles, like removable anti-cycle bars for wheelchair access, are not included in this requirement.

Figure 3 — Examples of unexpected obstacles

Figure 4 — Examples of expected obstacles

Connections

Connections shall be secured such that they cannot come loose of there own accord unless specifically designed to do so

Connections shall be safeguarded so that they cannot be undone without tools.

Consumable components (parts of wear and tear)

Components subjected to wear or designed to be renewed during the life of the equipment, for example bear- ings, shall be capable of being replaced

Replaceable components should be protected against an unauthorised intervention and should require little maintenance Any lubricants leaking out should not soil the equipment or adversely affect its safe use.

Wire ropes

Wire ropes shall be made from galvanized or corrosion-resistant wire

Ferrules must meet the standards set by ISO 8793, ensuring that the rope end aligns with the grip's edge Wire rope clips with thread ends extending beyond 8 mm should only be utilized outside the playing area or adequately covered for safety.

Turnbuckles shall have two closed loops-and shall be made from corrosion-resistant material It shall not be possible to undo turnbuckles without a tool

Figure 5 shows examples of ferrules and turnbuckles

Chains

Chains shall have a maximum opening of 8,6 mm in any one direction except where connections are made, where the maximum opening shall be greater than 18 mm or less than 8,6 mm

Foundations

The foundations shall be designed such that they do not present a hazard (tripping, impact) Care should be taken to ensure that foundations are not exposed as a result of erosion.

Accessibility

Any multi-sports equipment that includes accessible play elements, such as ladders and climbing walls, which lead to elevated surfaces over 1,000 mm in height, is classified as a play structure These structures must adhere to specific safety standards outlined in EN 1176-1:2008, including requirements for protection against falling, injuries during movement and falling, and the entrapment of clothing or hair.

An elevated surface adjacent to a multi-sports area can serve as a spectator platform without needing an impact attenuating surface, provided there is a barrier at least 1200 mm high However, impact attenuating surface requirements still apply to the other sides of the elevated surface.

NOTE The barrier is intended to prevent users gaining access to the multi-sports area either over the top or to the side of the barrier.

Removable elements

When equipment features removable components, such as posts or interchangeable parts, it is essential to properly cover any resulting cavities or holes to maintain a seamless playing surface.

General

Equipment shall comply with general requirements of this European Standard except in so far as they are modified by this section.

Basketball equipment

Requirements

Basketball equipment shall be classified by the design (types), the free space and typical performance crite- rion (classes) as shown in Tables 1 and 2

NOTE This classification is in line with EN 1270

3 fixed in the ground Figure 8

Free space ℓ (see Figure 9) min

Figure 6 — Example of type 1 Figure 7 — Example of type 2 Figure 8 — Example of type 3

!l" free space a end line of playing court

Figure 9 — Examples of free space, for simple or combined equipment

Basketball equipment shall comply with the dimensions shown in Figures 10 to 12 and Table 3

Figure 10 — Main functional dimensions for classes h 1 minus h 2 shall be less than 200 mm

NOTE 1 The FIBA recommended height h 1 is 3 050 mm ± 6 mm for senior players

Figure 11 — Dimensions of backboard and marking

NOTE 2 The top of the ring coincides with the top of the line of the small square

Table 3 — Dimensions of backboard and markings

The materials for the backboard shall be:

 synthetics or composite (for example: HPL – High Pressure Laminate);

 plywood in accordance !EN 636" weather approved;

For the backboard, the colours of Table 4 are recommended:

Front Markings synthetics or composite white black synthetics transparent colourless white metal white black

The ring should be in a colour contrasting with the backboard colour

When tested in accordance with 6.2.1.2, pressure release rings, after release and with the load no longer applied, shall return automatically and instantly to the original position

When tested in accordance with 6.2.1.3, all rings shall show no rupture and no permanent deformation of more than 10 mm

If the net is constructed of yarns, the breaking force, when measured according to 6.2.2 a) shall be at least

1 700 N and the maximum tensile strength of the mesh, when measured according to 6.2.2 b) at least 2 040 N

For basketball equipment that is designed to permit height adjustment of the backboard with basket and net, locking devices shall be fitted between 3 050 mm and 2 600 mm

The horizontal permanent deflection of the framework, when tested under a force F1 as per section 6.2.3, must not exceed 10 mm after the test force is removed and the framework is returned to its zero position, ensuring it is ready for use.

When subjected to a force of F 3 as per section 6.2.3, the framework's horizontal permanent deflection must not exceed 10 mm after the test force is removed and the framework is returned to its zero position, ensuring it is ready for use.

The vertical permanent deflection of the framework, when tested under a force F 2 in accordance with section 6.2.4, must not exceed 10 mm after the test force is removed and the framework is returned to its zero position, ensuring it is ready for use.

Safety requirements

The ring shall be fixed on the framework in such a manner so that no force, transmitted by the ring, is directly applied to the backboard

NOTE The intention of this subclause is that the ring is not solely supported by the backboard

The fixing plate shall be designed such that it does not protrude over the lower edge of the backboard

Pressure release rings must adhere to specific safety standards: a) there should be no gaps between the bracket and the ring that could pose an entrapment risk; b) the pressure release mechanism must remain engaged until a static load of 1,050 N is applied at the farthest point from the backboard; c) upon disengagement, the housing and fixing of the pressure release mechanism should not exhibit gaps exceeding 8 mm; d) when disengaged, the ring must not deflect more than 30° from its original horizontal position.

5.2.2.2 Attachment of the net to the ring

The attachment of the net to the ring shall be designed such that the fingers of the player cannot be caught Gaps shall be not more than 8 mm

If chains are used, gaps shall be no more than 8,6 mm

Any height adjustment shall only be made possible by authorized person

The construction to adjust the height of the backboard shall prevent unintentional changes during use

The free space (!l") is shown in Figure 9 and specified in Table 2 The depth of the free space is shown in Figure 9

The free space shall be free of any obstacles

Goals

General

Goals can be provided on their own or in combination with basketball or other equipment (see Figure 13)

Structural stability and integrity

Cross-bars shall conform to requirement of 4.2

The total horizontal user load shall be as given in A.2.2.d)

NOTE EN 748, EN 749 and EN 750 set out resistance and stability requirements for goals These requirements do not take into consideration misuse of free access equipment.

Nets and net fixings

Nets

!When goals or other elements up to the height of 3 m are fitted with nets, in order not to encourage climbing:

 nets with square meshes shall not have a horizontal size of more than 50 mm horizontal spacing;

 nets with diamond meshes shall not have a mesh size of more than 100 mm, measured from centre to centre;

 nets with any other type of mesh shall meet the requirements specified in 4.4.2.1.2 but restricted to the probes 1 and 2

NOTE Mesh sizes and types are defined in EN 1263-1

The upper section of the net shall be designed in such a way to prevent the user from sitting in this area."

Nets shall fulfil the following load requirements:

 !1 080 N" minimum for mesh breaking strength (test method: EN ISO 1806);

 7 000 N minimum for the rope breaking force of net head line (test method: EN ISO 2307).

Net fixings

Net fixings shall be designed in such a way that the player cannot be hurt

NOTE This requirement may be fulfilled if e g external openings (i.e on the circumference of the cross section of the uprights and the cross bar) are ≤ 8 mm or ≥ 25 mm

Net fixing shall not project into the space occupied by users during play or whilst accessing the equipment Metal cup hooks shall not be used

If spring hooks are used as means of fixation or for the end of a rope, they shall have screw caps.

Multi-sports surround and ball stop screen

Multi-sports surround

The multi-sports surround shall be at least 0,9 m in height

NOTE Given that users run into the surround during games, this is to prevent them from falling over `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -

Above 1 m height, the surrounds shall not encourage users to stand or sit on them, nor shall any infilling encourage climbing

5.5.1.2.1 Repeated impact resistance to footballs

NOTE The surround is subject to repeated impact from footballs, direct shots near goals and indirect shots most usually directed from the sides of the pitch

The surround must not exhibit any breakage or permanent deformation exceeding 1.5% of its smallest dimension, whether length or height, when tested according to standard F.1.

The requirement mandates that the surround must extend across its full width and reach a height of up to 2 meters, or its entire height if it is less than 2 meters It is advisable for the surround to be capable of withstanding repeated impacts from balls up to a height of 3 meters, or its full height if it is lower than 3 meters.

5.5.1.2.2 !Very intense forceful" impact resistance to player's kicks

The surround shall withstand !very intense forceful" shock from players' feet, incurring heavier impact than that from balls

NOTE This is because users are likely to run into the surround

The surround must exhibit no breakage when tested according to F.2, applicable across its full width and up to a height of 1 meter, or its entire height if it is less than 1 meter.

For fully enclosed facilities, there shall be at least one opening with a minimum width of 900 mm This may be within the goal area

NOTE If access requires a change in direction the layout should not prevent a wheelchair turning to gain access.

Ball stop screen

In the case, when a rigid ball stop screen is combined with the multi-sport surround, requirements of 4.2 apply in full up to a height of 1,5 m

In the case, when a ball stop screen is designed to yield and is combined with the surround, requirements of

4.2 apply only to the surround and to the structural supports of the ball stop-screen up to 1,5 m

When assessing the structural integrity of a ball stop-screen that has not been designed for access, it is essential to account solely for self-weight and wind loading as outlined in section 4.2.

Multi-function central nets and posts

!When a multi-function playing net and posts (e.g for playing tennis, volley-ball)" are used, they shall fulfil the safety requirements of EN 1271, class C, as a minimum.

Table tennis tables

If table tennis tables are installed, they shall fulfil the general requirements of Clause 4

The table tennis tables shall be firmly fixed to the ground or be secured against displacement either by their own weight or by anchoring

Table tennis tables must be installed according to the manufacturer's guidelines to ensure they can endure a horizontal force of 1.5 kN per meter of table length This force should be applied at the center of the highest part of the table structure, excluding the net, and must be tested in both the length and width directions.

General test methods

Unless otherwise specified in the following, the requirements shall be verified by measurement, visual examination or practical tests

Before testing the equipment shall be assembled according to manufacturer's instructions into a condition similar to position of use

Laboratory tests must be performed at a temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, ensuring that the equipment is conditioned for at least one hour at this temperature For on-site tests, it is essential to document the temperature.

Test methods specific to basketball equipment

Ring

6.2.1.1 Check by visual examination whether a force is transmitted by the ring directly to the backboard

6.2.1.2 Test the pressure release ring as shown in Figure 14, applying a force F 1 of 1 050 N statically to the front of the ring for 5 s

Note any gaps and whether the ring releases

When the ring has disengaged, note whether: a) the housing of the pressure release mechanism and fixing produces no gaps greater than 8 mm; b) the ring deflects not more than 30°

6.2.1.3 Apply a force F 2 of 2 400 N statically for 1 min to the front of the fixed ring (see Figure 15)

For pressure release rings apply the force F 2 on the ring, which has been disengaged with a force F 1 of

Note any rupture or permanent deformation of more than 10 mm

Net

a) The breaking force of the net yarn shall be tested according to EN ISO 2062; b) the maximum tensile strength of the mesh shall be tested according to EN ISO 1806.

Rigidity

Test the rigidity in accordance with Figure 16, applying forces for !(65 ± 5) s":

Stability

Test the stability in accordance with Figure 16, applying a force F 2 of 3 200 N for !(65 ± 5) s" Note any permanent deformation

Figure 14 — Testing of pressure release rings Figure 15 — Testing of fixed rings

Figure 16 — Testing of rigidity and stability

Table 5 — Testing of rigidity and stability

Test reports shall include at least the following:

 the reference to this European Standard, i.e EN 15312;

 details of the test conditions !(e.g temperature)";

 details of the equipment tested (e.g.: classification, type if any !deleted text");

 details of the condition of the equipment included any defects observed before the tests;

 details of any change in the condition of the equipment observed after the tests;

A clearly visible sign shall be provided in a prominent position, including at least the following:

 this equipment is not intended for children less than 36 months of age;

 the warning "Do not climb on the framework or nets";

 the warning "Do not hang on the ring" (if provided);

 the warning “Do not wear rings or other jewellery as these can get caught and cause injury”

 name and telephone number of the administrator/maintenance contact;

 number to call in case of accident

The equipment shall be marked legibly and permanently with at least the following:

 name and address of manufacturer or authorized representative;

 equipment reference and year of manufacture;

 the number and date of this European Standard, i.e !EN 15312:2007+A1:2010"

10 Information provided by the supplier and/or the manufacturer

The manufacturer shall provide installation manual and maintenance recommendations for free access multi- sports equipment (see Annex E)

Permanent loads

General

The permanent loads consist of: a) self weight of the structure and of the assemblies, b) prestressing loads, and c) mass of water if any water containers are involved.

Self weight

The self weight of the structure and assemblies shall be assessed.

Prestressing loads

Prestressing loads are considered to be permanent loads The maximum and minimum prestressing loads have to be considered

NOTE Because of creep or relaxation, prestress is time dependent It can be necessary to verify two situations: a) initial prestress and b) the end prestress.

Mass of water

The highest and lowest possible water levels in the container shall be considered.

Variable loads

General

The variable loads consist of: a) user loads, b) snow loads, c) wind loads, d) temperature loads and e) specific loads

User loads

The load caused by users of the equipment shall be based on the following load system: a) Total mass: n m n

The total mass of n users, denoted as \$G_n\$, is measured in kilograms (kg), where \$n\$ represents the number of users on the equipment or a portion thereof, as specified in section A.3 The mean mass of a user is \$m = 53.8\text{ kg}\$, while the standard deviation is \$\sigma = 9.6\text{ kg}\$ Additionally, the dynamic factor is represented by \$n\$.

C dyn represents the load generated by user movements such as running and playing, along with the material's response to impact loading The total vertical user load can be expressed as dyn n v.

F tot;v is the total vertical user load on the equipment caused by n users, in newtons (N);

!g" is the acceleration due to gravity (10 m/s 2 );

C dyn is as given in b)

NOTE Calculated examples are given in Table A.1 for information

Table A.1 — Total vertical user load

Number of users Mass of n users Dynamic factor Total vertical user load Vertical load per F 1;v user n G n C dyn F tot;v N kg N

NOTE At infinity the vertical load per user equals the average mass

The total horizontal user load is 10 % of the total vertical user load according to A.2.2 c) and acts on the same level, together with the vertical load:

NOTE This load allows for movement of users playing and inaccuracies in the structure e) Distribution of user loads:

The user loads are uniformly distributed over the element considered as follows:

F is acting on an area of 0,1 m × 0,1 m in newtons (N);

30 where q is in newtons per metre (N/m);

A F p= tot / (A.7) where p is in newtons per metre squared (N/m 2 );

; squared metre per newtons tot/Ain

F p where q is in newtons per metre (N/m), or (A.8) p is in newtons per metre squared (N/m 2 ); (A.9)

NOTE Volume loads are expressed either in line loads or area loads, depending on the type of elements that form the structure.

Snow loads

Snow loads shall be taken from the Eurocode for Actions on Structures EN 1991-1-3, allowing for a reference period of 10 years.

Wind loads

Wind loads shall be taken from the Eurocode for Actions on Structures EN 1991-1-4, allowing for a reference period of 10 years.

Temperature loads

Temperature loads shall be taken from the Eurocode for Actions on Structures EN 1991-1-5, allowing for a reference period of 10 years.

Seats: Specific loads

The maximum number of users on a seat is determined by the highest value among the following: a) the point load represented by one user, b) the specified number in this European Standard for particular equipment treated as a distributed load, or c) the number calculated according to section A.3.2.

Numbers of users on the equipment

General

The number of users for each structural element likely to be loaded by users shall be calculated

The calculated number shall be rounded up to the next whole number

NOTE Rounding up in this context means that 3,13 becomes 4,00, for example.

Number of users on a point

Unless stated differently elsewhere in this European Standard, the number of users, n, on a point is as follows:

All multi-sports equipment designed for standing, walking, or climbing on surfaces wider than 0.1 m and with an incline of less than 30° must support the weight of a single user.

NOTE This also applies to rungs or steps for supporting the user's feet.

Number of users on line type elements

The number of users, n, on a line shall be calculated from the following: a) line elements with an inclination up to and including 60:

L n= (A.10) b) line elements with an inclination greater than 60:

L is the length of the element in metres (m);

L pr is the length of the element projected down to a horizontal plane, in metres (m)

Line type elements are rungs in ladders and in climbing frames, poles and ropes.

Number of users on an area

The number of users, n, on a surface area shall be calculated from the following: a) planes with inclination up to and including 60:

A n+ (A.12) b) planes with inclination greater than 60:

A is the area, in metres squared (m 2 );

A pr is the area projected down to a horizontal plane, in metres squared (m 2 )

Area type elements are platforms, lattice type platforms, ramps and nets

The width of the plane shall be greater than 0,6 m Planes having a smaller width shall be treated as line type elements

In applications involving nets or grids, the user count, denoted as $ n $, is determined by the area of a single side Unlike platforms, these elements will not support as high a load density.

Method of calculation of structural integrity

General principles: Limit state

Limit state

Each structure and structural element, e.g connections, foundations, supports, shall be calculated taking into account the load combinations of B.2

The preferred method of calculation shall be based on the general principles and definitions for limit states as specified in the appropriate structural Eurocodes

NOTE 1 Well established technical rules and methods of construction practice, other than this method, may be used provided that the level of safety is at least the same

NOTE 2 Limit states are states beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the requirements of this European Stan- dard

In symbolic form, a limit state can be written as:

F S R y y × ≤ (B.1) where γF is a partial safety factor for loads; γ M is a partial safety factor for materials;

R is the resistance of the structure

In order to allow for uncertainties in the actual loads and in the model used for determining loads, loads are multiplied by a partial safety factor for loads (γ F )

To account for uncertainties in material properties and modeling forces within a structure, the structural strength is reduced by a partial safety factor for materials (γ M).

The symbolic representation provided is typically inadequate for depicting the limit state, as the actual formulation is frequently non-linear, particularly in scenarios involving the combination of loads.

Ultimate limit state

Ultimate limit states to consider encompass: a) the loss of equilibrium of the structure or any of its components treated as a rigid body; b) failure due to excessive deformation, rupture, or instability of the structure or its parts.

NOTE Ultimate Limit states are those associated with collapse, or with other forms of structural failure which can en- danger the safety of people

Serviceability limit state

Where serviceability requirements are made, the preferred method of calculation shall be based on the principles for serviceability limit state as specified in the appropriate structural Eurocodes

The deflection criteria for serviceability limit states mentioned in the appropriate Eurocodes do not apply to multi-sports equipment

NOTE Serviceability limit states correspond to states beyond which specified service criteria are no longer met.

Load combinations for static analysis

The following load combinations shall be used for verification:

G is the permanent load as given in A.1;

In the context of variable loads, Q i is defined in sections A.2.2 to A.2.6 The partial safety factor for permanent loads, denoted as γ G;c, is essential for calculations, while γ Q;c represents the partial safety factor for variable loads used in these calculations.

The following partial safety factors for loads shall be used: γG;c = 1,0 for favourable effects; γG;c = 1,35 for unfavourable effects; γQ;c = 0 for favourable effects; γQ;c = 1,35 for unfavourable effects

It is not required to combine independent variable loads like wind and user loads However, loads that act in different directions, such as vertical and horizontal user loads, should be combined.

Worked example of the calculation of user loads (without safety factors) for a surround/barrier

For the barrier, a line type element, two load cases are considered: the user load and the barrier load

The number of users on one barrier (calculated from Equation A.10) is:

The total vertical load (taken from Table A.1) is:

The line load on the barrier is:

The horizontal load on the barrier is:

NOTE This load is overruled by the barrier load and need not be considered further

The horizontal barrier load is 750 N/m

Physical testing of structural integrity

Pass/fail criteria

Load carrying ability

Unless otherwise stated in Clause 5, the specimen shall be able to carry the total test load (see C.2) for 5 min.

Failure

After the test the specimen shall show no cracks, damage or excessive permanent deformation and no connections shall be loosened

Permanent deformation is considered to be excessive when it creates an infringement of any other requirement of this European Standard.

Test load for equipment

Load combinations for testing

The following load combinations shall be used for testing:

G is the permanent load as given in A.1;

Q i is one of the variable loads as given in A.2.2 to A.2.6;

!γ G; t " is a partial safety factor for permanent loads to be used in testing (with a value of 1,0 in all cases);

!γ Q; t " is a partial safety factor for variable loads to be used in testing according with C.2.2 or C.2.3

Independent variable loads, like wind and user loads, do not need to be combined However, related loads that act in different directions, such as vertical and horizontal user loads, should be combined for accurate analysis.

Permanent loads are consistently present during testing In contrast to the variable loads found on multi-sports equipment, permanent loads are generally smaller, which means that no additional safety factor is necessary for these loads in the tests.

Safety factor for tests on identical series

The following safety factor shall be used for identical series where not every specimen is tested: γ Q;t = 0 for favourable effects; γQ;t = 2,0 for unfavourable effects

Safety factor for tests on a unique product

The following safety factor shall be used where every specimen, including unique products, are tested: γ Q;t = 0 for favourable effects; γQ;t = 1,35 for unfavourable effects.

Load application

Point loads

The following dimensions shall not be exceeded when applying the loads onto an element of the structure:

 area type element: a ≤ 0,1 m × 0,1 m where l is the support length of the test load in metres (m); a is the support area of the test load in metres (m)

To simulate the transfer of load caused by one user to the structure, the load shall be applied over a length of not more than 0,1 m.

Line loads

Line loads can be represented by equally distributed point loads spaced not more than 0,6 m apart

The support length under the point loads may be up to 0,6 m.

Area loads

Area loads can be represented by equally distributed point loads spaced grid wise not more than 0,6 m × 0,6 m

The support area under the point loads shall be less than 0,6 m × 0,6 m

Unless stated otherwise, tolerances on measurements in this annex are as follows: a) ± 1 mm for dimensions; and b) ± 1° for angles.

Finger entrapment

Apparatus

Finger rods, as illustrated in Figure D.1

Dimensions in millimetres a) 8 mm finger rod b) 25 mm finger rod Key

Procedure

Apply the 8 mm diameter finger rod to the minimum cross section of the opening and, if the rod does not pass through, rotate it as illustrated in Figure D.2

Record and report if the rod passes through the opening and if it locks in any position when moved through the conical area shown in Figure D.2

Figure D.2 — Rotation of the 8 mm diameter finger rod

If the 8 mm diameter finger rod passes through the opening, apply the 25 mm diameter finger rod

Record and report if the 25 mm diameter finger rod passes through the opening and, if it does, whether access is then given to another finger entrapment site.

Head and neck entrapment

Completely bound openings

Three probes, as illustrated in Figure D.3:

Dimensions in millimetres a) Small probe n°1

Dimensions in millimetres b) Small probe n°2

Dimensions in millimetres c) Large probe n°3 Key

Figure D.3 — Probes for determination of head and neck entrapment in completely bound openings D.3.1.2 Procedure

To ensure accurate testing, apply the probes sequentially to each relevant opening as shown in Figure D.3, and document any probe that successfully passes through If a probe encounters resistance, exert a force of (222 ± 5) N to facilitate its passage For probe n°2 (torso), it is advisable to first maneuver the body through the opening, as this guarantees that probe n°1 (head) will also fit Always position the probe with its axis perpendicular to the plane of the opening.

Partially bound and V-shaped openings "

Test template, as illustrated in Figure D.4

Figure D.4 — Test template for assessment of head and neck entrapment in partially bound and V-shaped openings D.3.2.2 Procedure

Position the ‘B’ portion of the test template between and perpendicular to the boundaries of the opening, as shown in Figure D.5

Record and report whether the template fits within the boundaries of the opening or if it cannot be inserted to its full thickness

To ensure accurate testing, insert the test template to a depth exceeding its thickness of 45 mm Position the 'A' portion of the template so that its center line aligns with both the extremities of the opening and the centerline.

Ensure that the plane of the test template is parallel and applied in line with the opening, as shown in Figure D.6 a)

Insert the test template into the opening until it makes contact with the boundaries, then record the results, including the angle of the template's centerline in relation to the vertical and horizontal axes, as this will determine the pass/fail criteria outlined in section 4.4.2.1.3.

Figures D.7 and D.8 for examples of the assessment for the different angular ranges

Figure D.5 — Methods of insertion of the "B" portion of the test template

44 a) Parallel plane of the test template b) Diagram of ranges relative to vertical and horizontal axes c) Other cases

3 range 3 a angle of insertion for assessing the range b template centre line c check all insertion angles

Figure D.6 — Checking of insertion angles to determine range

`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - a) Passes if front section fully enters aperture to a maximum depth of 265 mm

> 600 mm = more than 600 mm above the playing surface

< 600 mm = less than 600 mm above the playing surface

Figure D.7 — Range 1 method of insertion of the 'A' portion of the test template

Figure D.8 — Range 2 method of insertion of the ‘A’ portion of the test template followed by insertion of the shoulder of the template or Probe n°3"

Information to be provided by the supplier and/or manufacturer

Information provided by the manufacturer of equipment

General product information

The manufacturer or supplier must provide installation and usage instructions in the official language(s) of the country where the equipment will be used These instructions should be clear and straightforward, featuring legible print and simple language Additionally, illustrations should be included whenever feasible, and the instructions must cover essential information to ensure proper understanding and usage.

1) details of the installation, operation, inspection and maintenance of the equipment;

2) a clause or note drawing the operator's attention to the need to increase inspection/maintenance if the equipment is subject to heavy use; and /or the stability of the equipment relies on one post;

3) advice to take care, in relation to specific hazards to users, due to incomplete installation or dismantling, or during maintenance

The manufacturer/supplier shall supply copies of test reports or certification document (self or third party) to purchasers upon request.

Pre information

The manufacturer/supplier shall provide information concerning the safety of the installation prior to the accep- tance of the order, e.g a catalogue data sheet

The essential information must encompass the minimum space needed for the equipment, the overall dimensions of the largest components, the mass of the heaviest section in kilograms, the availability of spare parts, and the certification confirming compliance with the relevant standards.

Installation information

The manufacturer/supplier shall supply an equipment delivery part list with the equipment

The manufacturer/supplier shall supply installation instructions for the correct assembly, erection and placing of the equipment

The article outlines essential information for equipment installation, including minimum space requirements and safety clearances, identification of equipment and parts, and detailed erection sequences with assembly instructions It emphasizes the importance of matching aids, such as labeled parts and accompanying instructions, as well as the necessity for special tools, lifting devices, and templates, along with precautionary measures Additionally, it specifies the required torque values, constructional space for installation, and the direction and magnitude of forces on each fixation, including foundation details and considerations for abnormal conditions The article also addresses the need for painting or treatment applications and the removal of assembly aids prior to equipment use.

Drawings and diagrams shall clearly specify the principal dimensions of the equipment and the relevant space, heights and areas required for installation

The manufacturer/supplier shall supply the details necessary for inspection of the free access multi-sports equipment prior to its first use.

Inspection and maintenance information

E.1.4.1 The manufacturer/supplier shall provide instructions for maintenance (marked with the number of this European Standard, i.e EN 15312), which shall include a statement that the frequency of inspection will vary with the type of equipment, e.g equipment where the stability relies on one post, or materials used and other factors, e.g heavy use, levels of vandalism, coastal location, air pollution, age of equipment

Drawings and diagrams necessary for maintenance, inspection and checking of correct operation and, when appropriate, repair of the equipment

E.1.4.2 The instructions shall specify the frequency with which the equipment or its components should be inspected or maintained and shall include guidance on the following, where relevant: a) Routine visual inspection

NOTE 1 For free access multi-sports equipment subject to heavy use or vandalism, daily inspection of this type can be necessary

NOTE 2 Examples of visual and operational inspection points are cleanliness, equipment ground clearances, ground surface finishes, exposed foundations, sharp edges, missing parts, excessive wear (of moving parts) and structural integrity b) Operational inspection

This should be carried out every 1 to 3 months, or as indicated by the manufacturer's instruction

It is crucial to focus on 'sealed-for-life' components and equipment that depend on a single post for stability Additionally, conducting an annual main inspection is essential to ensure the integrity and reliability of these critical parts.

NOTE 3 The annual main inspection may require excavation or dismantling of certain parts

E.1.4.3 The instructions shall also specify the following: a) where necessary, the servicing points and methods of servicing, e.g lubrication, tightening of bolts, re- tensioning of ropes; b) that replacement parts shall comply with manufacturer's specifications; c) if special disposal treatment is required for some equipment or parts; d) identification of spare parts; e) any additional measures to be taken during the run-in period, e.g tightening of fastenings, tensioning of ropes; f) the need to keep drainage holes clear, if existing; g) glass-reinforced plastics should be replaced or repaired before the glass fibres become exposed through wear or damage This particularly applies to backboards

Test methods for resistance surround

Testing repeated impact resistance to footballs and kicks

The surround is assembled horizontally, with rigid supports on the frame

Weight M weighing 50 kg ± 0,5 kg (see Figure F.1) is suspended 0,35 m above the centre of the largest surround framework and is dropped repeatedly

 when permanent distortion exceeds 1,5 % of the smallest dimension (length or height) of the surround;

 after 1 000 cycles with no sign of deterioration

2 8 spindle-shapes of canvas cover

F.2 !Impact resistance (very intense forceful kick from player)

The surround structure is assembled horizontally, with rigid supports on the frame

Mass M with a value of 50 kg ± 0,5 kg (see Figure F.1) is suspended 0,50 m above the centre of the largest surround framework

In scenarios where the point of impact is situated more than 1 meter from the bottom of the surround, the most unfavorable impact point will be considered within the first meter from the bottom The mass M is dropped only once.

The test for repeated impact resistance can be performed on the same surrounding component This test will take place after the completion of the repeated impact resistance assessment.

The European Council Directive 76/769/EEC aims to harmonize the laws and regulations of Member States concerning the restrictions on the marketing and use of specific hazardous substances and preparations.

[2] EN 748, Playing field equipment — Football goals — Functional and safety requirements, test methods

[3] EN 749, Playing field equipment — Handball goals — Functional and safety requirements, test methods

[4] EN 750, Playing field equipment — Hockey goals — Functional and safety requirements, test methods

[5] EN 1270, Playing field equipment — Basketball equipment — Functional and safety requirements, test methods

[6] EN 12572-1, Artificial climbing structures — Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods for ACS with protection points

[7] EN 12572-2, Artificial climbing structures — Part 2: Safety requirements and test methods for bouldering walls

[8] EN 12572-3, Artificial climbing structures — Part 3: Safety requirements and test methods for climbing holds

[9] EN 14974, Facilities for users of roller sports equipment — Safety requirements and test method

[10] 67/548/EEC Council Directive of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and adminis- trative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances

[11] Regulation (EC) no.1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)"

Tiêu đề	Free Access Multi-Sports Equipment — Requirements, Including Safety, And Test Methods
Trường học	British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành	Standards
Thể loại	British Standard
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Brussels

Định dạng
Số trang	56
Dung lượng	3 MB