Bsi bs en 14592 2008 + a1 2012

For the purposes of stiffness bend angle α, for round or square cross-section nails, the declaration is related to the result of the characteristic yield moment My,k which shall be decla

ICS 91.080.20

Timber structures —

Dowel-type fasteners —

Requirements

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 14592:2008+A1:2012 It supersedes BS EN 14592:2008, which is withdrawn

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained

on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard

was published under the

authority of the Standards

Policy and Strategy

Committee on 30 April

2009

© The British Standards

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Comments

31 October 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2012

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered

by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

NORME EUROPÉENNE

ICS 21.060.01; 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 14592:2008

English Version

Timber structures - Dowel-type fasteners - Requirements

Structures en bois - Eléments de fixation de type tige -

Exigences

Holzbauwerke - Stiftförmige Verbindungsmittel -

Anforderungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2008 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 9 April 2012

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members

Ref No EN 14592:2008+A1:2012: E

Contents

Foreword 4



1





2





3





4





5





5.1





5.2





5.3





5.4





5.5





6





6.1





6.1.1





6.1.2





6.1.3





6.1.4





6.1.5





6.2





6.2.1





6.2.2





6.2.3





6.2.4





6.2.5





6.3





6.3.1





6.3.2





6.3.3





6.3.4





6.3.5





6.4





6.4.1





6.4.2





6.4.3





6.4.4





6.4.5





6.5





6.5.1





6.5.2





6.5.3





6.5.4





6.5.5





7





7.1





7.3.1





7.3.2





7.3.3





8





8.1





8.2





8.3





8.4





8.5





8.6





Annex A (normative) Expression of corrosion protection specifications 35



Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Contruction Products Directive 37



Bibliography 44



at the latest by November 2012

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2012-04-09

This document supersedes EN 14592:2008

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s)

For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the requirements and test methods for materials, geometry, strength, stiffness and durability ascpects (i.e corrosion protection) of dowel-type fasteners for use in load bearing timber structures

Only dowel-type fasteners manufactured from steel are covered by this European Standard For the purpose

of this standard, dowel-type fasteners for timber structures are taken to be nails, staples, screws, dowels, and bolts with nuts Definitions of these items are given in Clause 3 This European Standard specifies also the evaluation of conformity procedures and includes requirements for marking of these products

!This European Standard does not cover fasteners treated with fire retardants to improve their fire performance

This European Standard covers fasteners that may be coated for the following purposes:

1 Corrosion protection (e.g hot dip galvanization, epoxy coating);

2 Lubricants (to facilitate insertion);

3 Withdrawal enhancement and/or collation (adhesive coating)."

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

EN 409, Timber structures - Test methods - Determination of the yield moment of dowel type fasteners - Nails

EN 1382, Timber structures - Test methods - Withdrawal capacity of timber fasteners

EN 1383:1999, Timber structures - Test methods - Pull-through resistance of timber fasteners

EN 1995-1-1:2004, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for

buildings

EN 10016 (all parts), Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling

EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy

structural steels

EN 10025-3, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for

normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

EN 10083-1, Steels for quenching and tempering - Part 1: General technical delivery conditions

EN 10083-2, Steels for quenching and tempering - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non alloy steels

!EN 10088 (all parts), Stainless steels"

EN 10149-1, Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming – Part 1: General delivery

conditions

EN 10218-1, Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 1: Test methods

!EN 10263 (all parts), Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion

EN 10269, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties"

!EN 10277-2, Bright steel products - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Steels for general engineering

purposes"

EN 14358, Timber structures - Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile values and acceptance criteria for a

sample

!EN 15737, Timber structures - Test methods - Torsional resistance of driving in screws"

EN ISO 780, Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods (ISO 780:1997)

EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanised coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test

methods (ISO 1461:1999)

EN ISO 4014, Hexagon head bolts - Product grades A and B (ISO 4014:1999)

EN ISO 4016, Hexagon head bolts - Product grade C (ISO 4016:1999)

EN ISO 4017, Hexagon head screws - Product grades A and B (ISO 4017:1999)

EN ISO 4018, Hexagon head screws - Product grade C (ISO 4018:1999)

EN ISO 4032, Hexagon nuts, style 1 - Product grades A and B (ISO 4032:1999)

EN ISO 4034, Hexagon nuts - Product grade C (ISO 4034:1999)

!EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature

(ISO 6892-1:2009)"

EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems - Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)

EN ISO 10666:1999, Drilling screws with tapping screw thread - Mechanical and functional properties (ISO

10666:1999)

!deleted text"

ISO 2081, Metallic coatings - Electroplated coatings of zinc on iron or steel

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, terms and definitions given in EN 1995-1-1:2004 and the following apply

3.1

plain shank nail (smooth nail)

nail that has a constant cross-section along its entire length (e.g round, square or grooved nails)

3.2

threaded nail

nail that has its shank profiled or deformed over a part of its length !lg as defined in Figure 1 b"

3.4

dowel

cylindrical metal fastener that does not contain an integral head

NOTE Dowels may be threaded and have nuts fitted at either end

head pull-through parameter

parameter measuring the resistance of a timber test piece to the pulling through of the head of a timber fastener or the crown of a staple

screws intended for use in load bearing timber structures, d being the maximum outer cross-section diameter

of the threaded part, and for nails d being the minimum outer cross-sectional dimension of the unprofiled part,

when measured as described in 5.3

NOTE For plain shank nails, spiral rolled nails or annular ring shank nails, intended for use in load bearing timber

structures, d is the minimum outer cross-sectional diameter of the round nail wire, or the side length dimension of the minimum cross-sectional for a square nail, for all other profiled nails, intended for use in load bearing timber structures; d

is the minimum cross-sectional diameter of the original wire rod, from which the profiled nail has been produced (see Figure 1)

!

a) Nominal diameter d and length l of nails (left) and screws (right) For screws the threaded length is

shown, see also Figure 3

lg

Figure 1 – Nominal diameter, length and length of the threaded part of nails and screws"

thread root diameter

inner diameter of the thread of a screw

NOTE The inner diameter is used in EN 1995-1-1 to determine the effective diameter for laterally loaded dowel type fasteners."

3.11

stiffness

either found by testing or calculated according to EN 1995-1-1

coating type

defines the purpose of a coating

Coating type 1: Corrosion protection

Coating type 2: Lubricant to facilitate insertion

4 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this standard, the symbols and abbreviations given in EN 1995-1-1 and the following apply

A80 percentage elongation (%)

Ah nail head cross-sectional area (mm2)

As staple leg cross-sectional area (mm2)

d nominal diameter (mm)

dh head diameter (mm)

!d1" inner thread diameter; inner diameter of fluting (mm)

def effective screw diameter (mm)

fax,k characteristic withdrawal parameter (N/mm2)

fhead,k characteristic head pull-through parameter (N/mm2)

ftens,k characteristic tensile capacity (head pull-off or shank tensile capacity) (kN)

ftor,k characteristic torsional strength (Nmm)

fu tensile strength of the wire (N/mm2)

ht nail head thickness (mm)

l overall fastener length (mm)

lg length of profiling/threading (mm)

lp length of the nail point (mm)

My,k characteristic yield moment (Nmm)

Rtor,k characteristic torsional resistance to insertion into timber with a density of 450 kg/m3 when

conditioned to constant mass at 20 ºC and 65 % relative humidity (Nmm)

α bend angle (o)

ρk characteristic timber density when conditioned to constant mass at 20 ºC and 65 % relative

humidity (kg/m3)

5 Dimensions and tolerances

5.1 Method of measurement and accuracy

Dimensions shall be taken on the completed fastener using a calibrated device capable of achieving an accuracy of ± 1 % of the measurement

5.2 Length

Where appropriate the overall length of a fastener shall be measured and the result declared When sampled

in accordance with Tables 2 to 6 and measured, the overall length shall be within ± 2,5 % of the declared value

5.3 Nominal diameter

Where appropriate, the nominal diameter of a fastener shall be measured and the result declared Unless otherwise stated in this standard, the nominal diameter shall be within ± 2,5 % of the declared value when sampled in accordance with Tables 2 to 6 and measured as follows:

 the diameter shall be measured at several points around the circumference and along the length;

 the !minimum" measurement shall be taken as the nominal diameter

5.4 Other dimensions

Where appropriate, other dimensions, e.g point length of a fastener, threaded length and head thickness, shall be measured and the result declared When sampled in accordance with Tables 2 to 6 and measured, these other dimensions shall be within ± 5 % of the declared values

5.5 Cross-sectional area

Where appropriate, the cross-sectional area of a fastener shall be measured and the result declared When sampled in accordance with Tables 2 to 6 sufficient measurements shall be taken to enable the cross-sectional area to be calculated The cross-sectional area shall be within ± 5 % of the declared value

EN 10016 (all parts), or wire drawn from austenitic stainless steel rods produced in accordance with

!EN 10088 The relevant specification shall be declared

Other steel grades may be used, provided it has been documented that the steel has at least equivalent mechanical properties to any of the grades listed in the above standards All relevant information of the alternative steel grades shall be obtained from testing and declared as a part of the ITT."

6.1.3 Geometry

The nominal diameter, d, of nail shall not be less than 1,9 mm and shall not be greater than 8,0 mm

The area of the nail head, Ah, shall not be less than 2,5 d2, and the thickness of the head, ht, shall not be less

than 0,25 d (see Figure 2)

The length (l) of the nail (see Figure 1) and the length of the point, lp, shall not be less than 0,5 d and shall not

be greater than !2,5 d" (see Figure 2)

For profiled nails the length of the the threated part shall be minimum 4,5 d

!If nails are coated with a type 3 coating, the coated length shall be at least 0,5 l."

 characteristic yield moment,

 characteristic withdrawal parameter,

 characteristic head pull-through parameter,

 characteristic tensile capacity

The characteristic strength results for nails (see 6.1.4.2 to 6.1.4.5) shall be declared either directly from tests

or, in certain cases and types of nails, from equations given in EN 1995-1-1 Where characteristic strength values are declared from test results, they shall be calculated in accordance with EN 14358

For the purposes of strength calculations for nailed joints, the nail diameter shall be taken as the nominal

diameter, d, measured in accordance with 5.3

For the purpose of the mechanical stiffness of nails the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment

For the purposes of stiffness (bend angle α), for round or square cross-section nails, the declaration is related

to the result of the characteristic yield moment My,k which shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

For all other types of nail the result shall be declared by testing in accordance with EN 409

6.1.4.2 Characteristic yield moment

For round or square cross-section nails, the characteristic yield moment My,k the result shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or declared by calculation according to the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

For all other types of nail, including treaded nails, the characteristic yield moment My,k of the nail the result shall be declared from testing in accordance with EN 409

!deleted text"

For plain shank nails, the characteristic withdrawal parameter fax,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, either directly by testing in accordance with EN 1382 or declared by calculation according to the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

Characteristic withdrawal parameter fax,k of threaded nails shall be greater than or equal to 4,5 N/mm2 when measured on timber with a characteristic density of 350 kg/m3 when conditioned to constant mass at 20 ºC and 65 % relative humidity

For all other types of nail, the characteristic withdrawal parameter fax,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, by testing in accordance with

EN 1382

For plain shank nails, the characteristic head pull-through parameter fhead,k the result shall be declared on one

or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, either directly by testing in accordance with EN 1383 or declared by calculation according to the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

For all other types of nail, the characteristic head pull-through parameter fhead,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, by testing in accordance with EN 1383

The characteristic tensile capacity of nails ftens,k (head pull-off or shank tensile capacity) the result shall be declared by testing in accordance with EN 1383, using a steel plate to replace the head side timber member shown in Figure 4 of that standard The steel plate shall be of sufficient thickness to induce either a pull-off failure of the head, or a tensile failure of the shank and shall contain a pre-drilled hole for the nail which shall not exceed the maximum outer diameter of the nail + 1 mm in diameter For partially profiled nails the area of transition from the profiled to the smooth part of the shank shall be located within the free length of testing and

shall have a clear distance from the jaws of the testing equipment of at least 3 d The rate of loading shall be

chosen so that the failure load (ultimate load) is reached within 10 s ± 5 s

!For nails, where corrosion protection is required, the grade of the parent material or thickness of coating shall be declared

NOTE Examples of corrosion protection or material specifications are given in

EN 1995-1-1 and Annex A."

non-The result of tensile strength of the wire shall be declared in accordance with EN 10218-1

6.2.3 Geometry

The declaration of the geometry of staples shall take the the following properties into account:

!

a) for staples with rectangular or circular or deformed-circular cross-section with cross-sectionnal area A, the

leg diameter shall be taken as

d = 4 / A π

b) if the maximum dimension is larger than 1,2 times the minimum dimension only the area within a rectangular mask with side lengths equal to the minimum dimension and 1,2 times the minimum dimension shall be taken into account,"

c) staples with rectangular or circular or deformed-circular cross-section, the crown shall have a minimum width of 6 d,

d) staples with rectangular or circular or deformed-circular cross-section,

1) the leg length (l), shall have a maximum length of 65 d,

2) each leg shall have a minimum cross-sectional area As of 1,7 mm2 and a maximum cross-sectional area of 3,2 mm2,

!

e) if staples are coated with a type 3 coating, the coated length shall be at least 0,5 l."

6.2.4 Mechanical strength and stiffness

6.2.4.1 General

For the purpose of the mechanical strength of staples the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment,

 characteristic withdrawal parameter,

 characteristic head pull-through parameter

The characteristic strength results for staples (see 6.2.4.2 to 6.2.4.4) shall be declared either directly from tests or, in certain cases and types of staples, from equations given in EN 1995-1-1 Where characteristic strength values are declared from test results, they shall be calculated in accordance with EN 14358

For the purpose of the mechanical stiffness of staples the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment

For the purposes of stiffness (bend angle α) of staples the declaration is related to the result of the

characteristic yield moment My,k which shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409

or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

The characteristic yield moment My,k of individual staple legs shall be declared and the result shall either be found directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or calculated from the relevant equations given in

EN 1995-1-1

For staples the characteristic withdrawal parameter fax,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, either directly by testing in accordance with EN 1382 or declared by calculation according to the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

For staples the characteristic head pull-through parameter fhead,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products, by testing in accordance with

EN 1383

!For staples, where corrosion protection is required, the grade of the parent material or thickness of coating shall be declared

NOTE Examples of corrosion protection or material specifications are given in

EN 1995-1-1 and Annex A."

be available for wood construction, and these shall be suitable for use provided the minimum requirements given in 6.3.2 to 6.3.5 are fulfilled

6.3.2 Materials

!Screws shall be produced from mild steel or carbon steel wire, drawn from rods produced in accordance with EN 10083-2, EN 10263, EN 10269 or EN 10016, or austenitic stainless steel wire drawn from rods produced in accordance with EN 10083-1 or EN 10088 The relevant specification shall be declared

Other steel grades may be used, provided it has been documented that the steel has at least equivalent mechanical properties to any of the grades listed in the above standards All relevant information of the alternative steel grades shall be obtained from testing and declared as a part of the ITT."

6.3.3 Geometry

The nominal diameter (outer thread diameter), d, of screws used for structural timber shall not be less than

2,4 mm and not greater than 24 mm The nominal diameter shall be declared

The inner threaded diameter of screws, d1, shall not be less than 60 % and not more than 90 % of the outer

threaded diameter, d, (i.e 0,6 d ≤ d1≤ 0,9 d, see Figure 3)

Screws shall be threaded over !a minimum length lg of 4 d (i.e lg≥ 4 d, see Figure 3)" The length (l) and the threaded length (lg) shall be declared

!The head diameter (dh)shall be declared."

Figure 3 – Geometry of screws

6.3.4 Mechanical strength and stiffness

6.3.4.1 General

For the purpose of the mechanical strength of screws the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment,

 characteristic withdrawal parameter,

 characteristic head pull-through parameter,

 characteristic tensile capacity,

 characteristic torsional ratio

Characteristic strength results for screws (see 6.3.4.2 to 6.3.4.6) shall either be declared directly from tests or,

in the case of certain strength properties and types of screws, from equations given in EN 1995-1-1 Where the characteristic strength values of screws are declared from test results, they shall be calculated in accordance with EN 14358

For the purpose of the mechanical stiffness of screws the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment

For the purposes of stiffness (bend angle α), the declaration is related to the result of the characteristic yield

moment My,k which shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

The characteristic yield moment of screws My,k shall be declared and the result shall either be found directly

by testing in accordance with EN 409, or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

Where My,k is declared by testing, it shall be taken as the minimum characteristic value determined on both the threaded section and the smooth section of the screw, from tests carried out in accordance with EN 409, where the bend angle, α, is limited to a maximum value of 45/d 0,7 degrees (where d is in mm) In addition, for

screws intended for use in load-bearing timber structures, no cracks shall be observed at a bend angle, α, of

less than (45/d 0,7 + 10) degrees

For screws the characteristic withdrawal parameter fax,k the result shall be declared on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of timber products, either directly by testing in accordance with EN 1382 or declared by calculation according to the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

For screws the characteristic head pull-through parameter fhead,k the result shall be declared by testing in accordance with EN 1383 on one or more characteristic timber densities or on other types of wood based products

NOTE Combining the screw with a washer, where appropriate, may enhance the head pull-through parameter

For screws the characteristic tensile capacity ftens,k (head pull-off or shank tensile capacity) the result shall be declared by testing in accordance with EN 1383:1999, using a steel plate to replace the head side timber member shown in Figure 4 of that standard The steel plate shall be of sufficient thickness to induce either a pull-off failure of the head, or a tensile failure of the shank and shall contain a pre-drilled hole for the screw which may not exceed the maximum outer diameter of the screw + 1 mm in diameter For partially profiled screws the area of transition from the profiled to the smooth part of the shank shall be located within the free length of testing and shall have a clear distance from the jaws of the testing equipment of at least 3 d1 The rate of loading shall be chosen so that the failure load (ultimate load) is reached within 10 s ± 5 s

For screws the characteristic torsional strength ftor,k shall be determined by testing in accordance with the

6.3.5 Corrosion protection

!For screws, where corrosion protection is required, the grade of the parent material or thickness of coating shall be declared

NOTE Examples of corrosion protection or material specifications are given in

EN 1995-1-1 and Annex A."

6.4 Dowels

6.4.1 General

Dowels shall have a circular, deformed circular or rectangular cross-section

6.4.2 Materials

!Dowels shall be produced from steel rods either to EN 10025-2, EN 10025-3, EN 10149-1 or EN 10277-2,

or from stainless steel rods to EN 10088-3 The minimum specification for steel dowels shall be S235 to

EN 10025-2 or EN 10277-2 The minimum specification for stainless steel dowels shall be 1.4401 to

EN 10088-3 The minimum percentage elongation (A5) measured according to EN ISO 6892-1 shall be 8 % The relevant specification shall be declared

Other steel grades may be used, provided it has been documented that the steel has at least equivalent mechanical properties to any of the permitted grades listed in the above standards All relevant information of the alternative steel grades shall be obtained from testing and declared as a part of the ITT."

6.4.3 Geometry

!Dowels shall have a constant prismatic shape with circular or fluted shank, and have a minimum diameter

of 6 mm, and a maximum diameter of 30 mm Where the cross-section is fluted, the inside diameter di shall not be less than 95 % of the outside diameter The tolerance on the diameter of dowels with a constant circular cross-section shall be within -0,1/+0,5 mm measured on the finished dowel with corrosion protection if any

The nominal diameter and length of a dowel shall be declared."

6.4.4 Mechanical strength and stiffness

6.4.4.1 General

For the purpose of the mechanical strength of dowels the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment

The characteristic strength results for dowels (see 6.4.4.2) shall be declared either directly from tests or, in the case of certain strength properties and types of dowels, from equations given in EN 1995-1-1 Where characteristic strength values are declared from test results, they shall be calculated in accordance with

EN 14358

For the purposes of stiffness (bend angle α), the declaration is related to the result of the characteristic yield

moment My,k which shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

6.4.4.2 Characteristic yield moment

The characteristic yield moment of steel dowels My,k shall be declared and the result shall either be found by testing in accordance with EN 409, where the bend angle, α, is limited to 45/d 0,7 degrees (where d is in mm),

or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

!For dowels, where corrosion protection is required, the grade of the parent material or thickness of coating shall be declared

NOTE Examples of corrosion protection or material specifications are given in

EN 1995-1-1 and Annex A."

6.5 Bolts and nuts

Table 1 – Material specifications for bolts and nuts Bolts Nuts

4.6

EN ISO 4016 4 d > M16

EN ISO 4034 4.8 EN ISO 4018 5 d ≤ M16

Bolts shall have a minimum diameter of 6 mm and a maximum diameter of 30 mm

The nominal diameter and length of the bolt shall be declared

6.5.4 Mechanical strength and stiffness

6.5.4.1 General

For the purpose of the mechanical strength of bolts the following characteristic properties shall be used in this standard:

 characteristic yield moment

The characteristic strength results (see 6.5.4.2) shall be declared either directly from tests or, in the case of certain strength properties and types of bolts, from equations given in EN 1995-1-1 Where characteristic strength values are declared from test results, they shall be calculated in accordance with EN 14358

For the purposes of stiffness (bend angle α), the declaration is related to the result of the characteristic yield

moment My,k which shall be declared either directly by testing in accordance with EN 409 or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

The characteristic yield moment of steel bolts My,k shall be declared and the result shall either be found by testing in accordance with EN 409, where the bend angle, α, is limited to 45/d 0,7 degrees (where d is in mm),

or calculated from the relevant equations given in EN 1995-1-1

!For bolts and nuts, where corrosion protection is required, the grade of the parent material or thickness of coating shall be declared

NOTE Examples of corrosion protection or material specifications are given in

EN 1995-1-1 and Annex A."

7 Evaluation of conformity

7.1 General

The conformity with the requirements of this standard shall be demonstrated by:

 initial type testing,

 factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment

For the purposes of testing, the products may be grouped into families, where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristics for all the products within that same family

7.2 Initial type testing (ITT)

7.2.1 General

Initial type testing shall be performed to show conformity with this standard Tests previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard (i.e same product, characteristic(s), test method, sampling procedure, system of attestation of conformity, etc.) may be taken into account for the ITT purpose In addition, initial type testing shall be performed at the beginning of the production of a new product type or at the beginning of a new method of production (where this may affect declared values of the products stated characteristics)

All characteristics in Clause 6 shall be subject to initial type testing

Whenever a change occurs in the product, the raw material or supplier of the components for the product, or the production process, which would change significantly one or more of the characteristics, the initial type testing shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s)

7.2.2 Sampling, testing and conformity criteria

The method of sampling shall be as defined in Tables 2 to 6, as appropriate

The number of test samples to be tested (or assessed) and the compliance criteria shall be in accordance with Tables 2 to 6, as appropriate:

 Table 2, for nails,

 Table 3, for staples,

 Table 4, for screws,

!The testing of fasteners with coating shall be performed according to the following rules:

For coating type 1 (corrosion protection) and 2 (lubrication) the withdrawal strength shall be determined with the coating If a coating also increases the withdrawal strength, it shall be treated as a type 3 coating

For a type 3 coating the withdrawal strength can be determined with or without the coating The withdrawal strength determined with the coating shall only be used to withstand instantaneous and short term loads NOTE A coating can serve more than one purpose, e.g for staples the coating is both adhesive and serves collation purposes."

The results of all initial type tests shall be recorded and held by the manufacturer for at least 10 years after the last date or production of the product(s) to which they apply

Table 2 – Nails - Sampling plan and compliance criteria for initial type testing

method and assessment

Min

number of specimens

Compliance criteria Material

Declare coating type 1, 2 or 3, see 3.12"

Geometry (i.e dimensions and tolerances):

- length (l), nominal diameter

(d) and head cross-sectional

area (Ah)

See 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5

5 See 6.1.3; Declared values for l, d and

A h≤ mean measured values

- length of the threaded part

(lg)

See 5.1, 5.2 and 5.4

5 See 6.1.3: l g ≥ 4,5 d

!- for threaded nails

length of the point (lp)

See 5.4 5 See 6.1.3: 0,5 d ≤ lp ≤ 2,5 d

- for nails coated with a type

3 coating, length of the

5 See 6.1.3; As appropriate to declared

mean value

- characteristic yield moment

(My,k) for plain shank nails

EN 409 or

EN 1995-1-1

10 See 6.1.4.2; Declared value for

My,k !≤" characteristic value or calculated value

- characteristic yield moment

(My,k) for treated nails

EN 409 or

EN 1995-1-1

5 + 5a 6.1.4.2; Declared value for My,k !≤"

characteristic value or calculated value

- characteristic withdrawal

parameter (fax,k)

EN 1382 or

EN 1995-1-1

10 See 6.1.4.3; Declared value for

fax,k !≤" characteristic value or calculated value ! It shall be

declared if fax,k is determined with or without the coating"

- characteristic head

pull-through parameter (fhead,k)

EN 1383 or

EN 1995-1-1

10 See 6.1.4.4; Declared value for

fhead,k !≤" characteristic value or calculated value

- characteristic tensile

capacity (ftens,k)

EN 1383 10 See 6.1.4.5; Declared value for

ftens,k !≤" characteristic value