Food processing machinery — Bowl lifting and tilting machines — Safety and hygiene requirements ICS 67.260... EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2009 English Version Food processing machinery
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and in
In this European Standard, the word “bowl” is used for any container.
Description – Types of machines dealt with in this European Standard
General
Lifting and tilting machines are essential devices designed to elevate and overturn mixing machines or containers, such as bowls, tanks, skips, or trolleys, used for handling various products.
Three types of mechanisms are used:
This simple guide explains that the bowl or mixing machine can be easily disassembled and is mounted on a fork or platform, supported by a single vertical or inclined mast The lifting mechanism can be operated using a screw, chain, or hydraulic or pneumatic system for raising and lowering.
The "double guide" system features a bowl or mixing machine that operates on two vertical or inclined guides, allowing for easy disassembly This device is typically equipped with a cable or chain hoist mechanism for enhanced functionality.
“articulated arm” machines (the bowl or mixing machine can be dismantled and is moved by one or more articulated arms driven mechanically or hydraulically or pneumatically) exist.
Type A: Lifting and tilting bowl (see Figures 1a, 1b and 1c)
The bowl can be dismantled from the dough mixer It moves on vertical or inclined guides or is guided by one or more articulated arms
The device is generally provided with a cable or chain hoist mechanism
Figure 1a: Type A — Simple guide Figure 1b: Type A — Double guide Figure 1c: Type A — Articulated
Type B: Lifting and tilting mixing machine (see Figures 2a and 2b)
The mixing machine (usually dough mixer) is incorporated to the elevator and guided by a single or double, vertical or inclined mast or even by one or more articulated arms
Raising or lowering may be by a screw or chain or hydraulic or pneumatic lifting system
Figure 2a: Type B — Mixing machine incorporated into simple guide elevator
Figure 2b: Type B — Mixing machine incorporated into articulated arm elevator
Type C: Tilting bowl (see Figure 3)
The bowl can be dismantled from the dough mixer and is located on a fork or platform When the bowl is in position, the machine makes a rotation around a fixed axis
The device is driven mechanically or hydraulically or pneumatically
Figure 3: Type C — Tilting bowl machine
General
This clause outlines the key hazards, hazardous situations, and events identified through risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery, as specified in this European Standard, and emphasizes the necessary actions to eliminate or mitigate these risks.
Before utilizing this European Standard, it is crucial to conduct a risk assessment of the lifting and tilting machine to ensure that all significant hazards are identified.
Mechanical hazards
Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c indicate the hazard zones Individual hazards in these zones are as follows:
Zone 1: Area below bowl and/or mixing machine:
hazards of trapping and crushing at ground level during normal descent;
hazards of impact or crushing by uncontrolled descent e g in the event of mechanical failure or failure of the control system;
Zone 2: Path of movement of bowl and/or mixing machine:
hazards of impact with moving parts;
hazards of crushing or shearing between moving and fixed components;
Zone 3: Transmission machinery and (where used) pulleys and chains or wire ropes:
hazards of drawing in, shearing, crushing or entanglement;
hazards of impact or crushing by tipped contents;
hazards of crushing, shearing, impact due to loss of stability
Figure 4a — Danger zones for a simple guide machine
Figure 4b — Danger zones for a double guide machine Figure 4c — Danger zones for
Electrical hazards
Hazard of electric shock from direct or indirect contact with live components
Hazard of external influences on electrical equipment (e.g cleaning with water).
Hazard generated by neglecting hygienic design principles
The neglect of hygienic principles can create unacceptable modification of foodstuff and therefore a risk to human health of the operator and consumer, i.e through physical, chemical or microbial pollution.
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
During operation, cleaning and maintenance, there is a risk of injury or chronic damage to the body resulting from awkward body postures
The movement, loading, and unloading of bowls between various workstations pose a significant risk of injury or chronic bodily damage due to the lifting, pushing, and pulling of heavy loads.
A poor visibility from the operating position can create a risk of injury for the operator or another person.
Pneumatic and hydraulic equipment
Pneumatic and hydraulic systems pose significant hazards, including crushing, shearing, ejection of parts, and fluid injection Additionally, stored energy in these systems can lead to unexpected movements of mechanisms, even when power supplies are turned off.
5 Safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures
General
Machinery shall comply with the safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures of this Clause
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this European Standard
!For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of the type B-standards such as EN 294, EN 349,
EN 574, EN 614-1, EN 953, EN 982, EN 983, EN 1037, EN 1088, EN 60204-1, EN 60529, EN ISO 12100 and
According to EN ISO 13849-1, manufacturers are required to conduct a risk assessment to determine the requirements of the type B-standard, which must be integrated into the overall risk assessment of the machine.
Mechanical hazards
General
!The safety related parts of the control systems shall present at least a performance level c defined in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Interlocking guards shall be at least interlocking without guard locking as defined in 4.2.1 of EN 1088:1995, and they shall comply with Clauses 5 and 6 of EN 1088:1995
Fixed guards or machine components that serve as guards must have their fixing systems remain attached to either the guards or the machinery when the guards are removed, unless they are permanently fixed, such as by welding.
Zone 1 – Area below bowl or mixing machine
5.2.2.1 Trapping by descending bowl or mixing machine at ground level shall be prevented
This may be achieved by either:
To ensure operator safety when using mixing machines, fixed and interlocking guards without guard locking must be implemented, adhering to EN 953, EN 294, and EN 1088 standards The enclosure mesh must comply with the specifications outlined in table 4 of EN 294:1992 Additionally, an emergency stop button, which takes precedence over all other machine commands, should be positioned within the enclosure Furthermore, any power-operated descending door must maintain a clearance of 120 mm at its lowest point, as specified in table 1 of EN 349:1993.
The use of a hold-to-run control for the upward or downward movement of the bowl or mixing machine is essential, as outlined in section 3.26.3 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 This control must be positioned to prevent the operator from being struck by the moving equipment while ensuring clear visibility of the bowl's movement within the hazard area Enhancing safety can be achieved through a physical barrier around the hazard area, as illustrated in Figure 5 It is crucial that the design of this barrier does not introduce any risk of shearing between the moving parts and the barrier, with a required clearance of at least 120 mm If placing the hold-to-run control at a safe distance is not feasible, a two-hand control system should be implemented.
The equipment must comply with EN 574:1996 standards or higher During the final 500 mm of descent, the bowl or mixing machine's speed must not exceed 0.2 m/s Additionally, the control release should ensure the machine stops within one second.
Figure 5 — Physical delimitation of the hazard area
5.2.2.2 Uncontrolled descent of the bowl or mixing machine shall be prevented All the following measures are necessary as far as they are relevant: a) ensure satisfactory mechanical integrity, the machine shall satisfy the static and dynamic tests set out in 5.2.6; b) prevent the bowl or mixing machine falling from its support, a mechanical locking device with positive action (not relying solely on friction) shall be provided (see 4.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003) Unlocking shall only be possible by intentional action (e g requiring double action); c) prevent collapse of the bowl, or mixing machine, and damage to the lifting and lowering mechanisms by over hoisting and lowering below bottom position, machine movement at the limits of travel shall be stopped automatically by e g additional control limit switches with manual resetting and a mechanical stop; d) ropes and mechanical chains shall be designed to have a working coefficient of 5; e) system shall be designed for keeping the load in position:
in the event of a power failure, for example failure of electricity supply, burst of hydraulic hose (e g check valve, pressure relief valve);
in the event of a screw lifting mechanism failure (e.g additional nut for a screw nut device); NOTE In these cases a descent at a low speed of maximum 0,2 m/s is acceptable
To prevent the load from falling when the rope becomes jammed or stuck, it is essential to use a slack rope device This device ensures continuous control of the rope tension, especially when obstacles are removed.
Zone 2 – Path of movement of bowl or mixing machine
5.2.3.1 Injury due to impact with moving machinery shall be prevented This shall be achieved by applying the requirements of 5.2.2.1 of this European Standard
5.2.3.2 Crushing or shearing between the moving bowl or mixing machine and fixed components shall be prevented This shall be achieved by one or more of the following means, which shall be applied as far as possible in the order shown:
To ensure safety, it is essential to eliminate traps through the careful design and strategic placement of fixed components For crushing operations, minimum distances must adhere to EN 349 standards, with the exception of specific cases involving crushing at ground level, as outlined in section 5.2.2.
either enclosure of hazard zones by fixed and interlocking guards in accordance with the first solution of 5.2.2.1; or
use of a hold to run control in accordance with the second solution of 5.2.2.1.
Zone 3 – Transmission machinery and (where used) pulleys and chains or wire ropes
Transmission mechanisms must be protected by guards, which can be either fixed or movable with interlocking features The movement will cease immediately upon the opening of the movable guard.
The guards shall comply with EN 953 and EN 294
The profile and dimensions of pulleys for the cables shall allow free and correct winding and shall prevent their tangling
Cables must be wound on drums with a diameter that is at least 25 times the diameter of the cable itself, or 300 times the diameter of the individual wires that make up the cable.
For the return pulleys, the diameter shall be not less than 20 times the diameter of the cables or 250 times the diameter of the wire component.
Zone 4 – Discharge zone
Control devices must be strategically placed to ensure that the operator maintains a clear and unobstructed view of the product-tipping zone Additionally, the instruction manual should outline essential safety measures to mitigate the risk of injury from load tipping.
Mechanical strength and stability
Static and dynamic tests shall be carried out on each machine Stability test can be carried out as a type examination
Machines shall be designed to be stable and shall comply with the following requirements:
if the machine is fixed, the instruction handbook shall indicate the value of forces at fixing points and the machine shall pass the tests given in 5.2.6.2.2 and 5.2.6.2.3;
if the machine is not fixed, it shall pass the tests given in 5.2.6.2.2, 5.2.6.2.3 and 5.2.6.2.4
Independent machines equipped with castors must include a minimum of two castors (or sets of castors) that are fitted with a locking mechanism This device is essential for preventing the castors from rotating and the wheels from moving.
For the purpose of this European Standard, the critical mass for the overload tests is the sum of:
mass of the bowl and its support or the entire mixing machine; plus
nominal mass of dough specified by the manufacturer in the instruction handbook
The test involves loading the machine vessel to 150% of the manufacturer's maximum declared load and maintaining it in a position just before bowl tipping This test must last for a minimum of one hour without any movement of the bowl.
During the test, the capability of the structure to maintain the load in position shall be verified
In case of hydraulic and pneumatic devices, a lowering of 10 cm/h is permissible
At the end of the test, after load removal, no permanent deformation shall be observed
The test involves loading the machine to 110% of the manufacturer's maximum declared load and performing three complete cycles of raising and lowering this load at the nominal speed, or the highest speed if applicable, without any tilting.
The mechanisms shall function correctly during the test, but neither velocity nor heating is to be considered
During the test, the machine is placed on a plane inclined 10 degrees to the horizontal in the most unfavourable direction Mobile machines shall have their wheels locked
The machine, when loaded to its maximum capacity as specified by the manufacturer, experiences a horizontal force of 600 N applied at a height of 1500 mm above the support plane, directed in the most unfavorable manner.
With the load at the maximum height and the machine subjected to the aforementioned horizontal force, the machine shall neither overturn or move.
Electrical hazards
Safety requirements related to electromagnetic phenomena
Machines must possess adequate immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to ensure safe operation and prevent failure under specified conditions The manufacturer is responsible for designing, installing, and wiring the equipment and its sub-assemblies, adhering to the recommendations provided by the suppliers of these components.
Protection against electric shock ! ! ! ! deleted text " " " "
The electrical equipment shall comply with !Clause 6 of EN 60204-1:2006"
For wheel-mounted lifting and tilting machines, the manufacturer shall specify in the instructions handbook:
rules for installation of the cable; and/or
type of supply cable to be used for limiting the risk of damaging the cable.
Power circuits ! ! ! !deleted text" " " "
According to EN 60204-1:2006, specifically section 17.2.3, it is essential to use devices for detecting and interrupting over-current on each live conductor However, for single-phase machines, there is no requirement for such a device on the earthed neutral conductor.
5.3.4 Protection against earth faults in control circuits
For machinery powered by a single-phase conductor with an earthed neutral, double pole interruption of the control circuit is unnecessary Instead, a single pole interruption should be implemented in the phase conductor, as specified in section 9.4.3.1 of EN 60204-1:2006.
Emergency stop
Machines must be equipped with at least one emergency stop, as specified in section 10.7 of EN 60204-1:2006, unless the manufacturer's risk assessment determines that such a device would not decrease stopping time or facilitate necessary risk mitigation measures.
Emergency stops are typically unnecessary for bowl lifting and tilting machines; however, it is crucial to ensure that the normal OFF switch is easily accessible from the operator's position.
Start function ! ! ! !deleted text" " " "
Start devices shall be designed to reduce the risk of inadvertent operation by conforming to !10.6 of EN 60204-1:2006".
Unexpected start-up ! ! ! ! deleted text " " " "
The hazards from mechanical parts unexpectedly restarting by restoration of energy supply after an interruption shall be provided by conforming to !7.5 of EN 60204-1:2006"
Motors with a protection rating lower than IP23 must be installed within an enclosure that ensures at least an IP23 protection level, as specified in EN 60529 and EN 60204-1.
Electrical requirements of controls
Control actuating devices, signals and display elements shall have a degree of protection IP54 (see
Hygiene requirements
Food area
inside and lip of the container;
internal surfaces of the hopper (e g for a dough mixer lifting machine, see Figure 6b, mark 1).
Splash area
external surfaces of the bowl with the exception of the bottom.
Non food area
This area includes the rest of the machine
Figure 6a — Hygiene areas on double guide lifting and tilting machine
Figure 6b — Hygiene areas on mixing machine incorporated to elevator
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
Awkward body postures during maintenance, cleaning, filling and emptying the bowl and other operations, shall be avoided by the design of the machine
Suitable positioned lifting devices and/or transport carriages shall be provided for installation, removal and transport of any part of the lifting and tilting machines weighing more than 25 kg
If the mass of the filled removal bowl exceed 25 kg, a handling device shall be fitted, for example wheels on the bowl or a separate trolley
Pushing and pulling with excessive effort shall be avoided e.g by use of low-friction castor wheels or by the design of the bowl coupling mechanism
Control devices shall be placed within proper reach distance for the operator as stated in Annex A of !EN 614-1:2006".
Pneumatic and hydraulic equipment
All pneumatic components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN 983 All hydraulic components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN 982
Unexpected start-up shall be prevented using the measures described in EN 1037 and a separate means of isolation shall be provided with for each type of energy
6 Verification of safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures
This section outlines the testing methods to verify the presence and sufficiency of the safety requirements specified in Clause 5 All safety measures in Clause 5 include clear acceptance criteria.
Verification of requirements can be achieved through inspection, calculation, or testing, conducted on a fully commissioned machine While some checks may require partial dismantling, this does not affect the validity of the verification results.
Methods of verification are given in Table 1."
Clause Hazard zone Method of verification
5.2.2.1 Zone 1 – Trapping by descending By inspection, by measurement and by functional test
5.2.2.2 Zone 1 – Uncontrolled descent By visual inspection, by functional test and by test set out in 5.2.6 5.2.3 Zone 2 – Impact By inspection, by measurement and by functional test
5.2.3 Zone 2 – Crushing or shearing By visual inspection, by measurement and by functional test
Transmission By inspection and by measurement
5.2.5 Zone 4 – Discharge zone By inspection
Individual static and dynamic tests
Type test for the stability
!5.3 Electrical hazard Verification shall be in accordance with Clause 18 of
5.4 Hygiene requirements In accordance with Clause 6 of EN 1672-2:2005 and Annex B of this
5.5 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
By measurement of the forces, by inspection of the visibility of the indications, buttons, etc
5.6 Pneumatic and hydraulic equipment By inspection and testing
General
Information for use shall meet the requirements of Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 An instruction handbook shall be provided
Permanent warnings shall be provided for the residual risks Where possible pictograms shall be used according to EN 61310-1
Example of warnings to be considered are listed below:
warning for the hazard due to the descending bowl (if no complete enclosure);
for movable machines, warning that the machine should not be moved with the load in high position, and a prohibition of standing on the machine during transportation
The manufacturer must provide an instruction handbook as per section 6.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003, which includes essential guidelines for handling, transportation, storage, installation, and startup It should detail cleaning procedures, including recommended products and implements, and emphasize safety measures to prevent injuries from load tipping For wheel-mounted machines, installation rules for cables must be specified, along with the normal processing quantities and maximum load limits Users should be warned about risks in the discharge zone and the forces at fixing points Mobile machines should only operate with the bowl or mixing machine lowered, and operators must be cautioned against potential trapping hazards The handbook must also provide instructions for safely isolating the machine during maintenance, specify the overcurrent protective device values, and advise on the dangers of oil accumulation on floors Additionally, it should include information on airborne noise emissions as per Annex A of the European Standard.
the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at workstations, where this exceeds 70 dB(A); where this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact shall be indicated,
the peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure value at workstations, where this exceeds 63 Pa
(130 dB in relation to 20 àPa),
the A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machinery, where the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at workstations exceeds 80 dB(A)
Sound emission values must include specified uncertainties "K." Additionally, the operating conditions of the machinery during measurement and the methods used for measuring should be clearly described.
The article outlines essential guidelines for ensuring safety and stability during the use, transportation, assembly, and dismantling of equipment It emphasizes the importance of having a clear operating method in case of accidents or breakdowns, including procedures for safely unblocking equipment Users are advised to follow specific adjustment and maintenance operations, along with preventive measures to ensure safe practices Additionally, for machinery connected to an electricity supply, it is crucial to ensure that the plug remains visible from accessible points The article also mentions the necessity of a test report detailing static and dynamic tests conducted by the manufacturer or authorized representative, as well as the maximum working load limits.
The minimum markings shall include:
the business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorised representative;"
the year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed;"
designation of series or type, if any;
serial or identification number, if any;
rating information (mandatory for electrotechnical products: voltage, frequency, power, etc, in accordance with !16.4 of EN 60204-1:2006");
1 !For machines and their related products intended to be put on the market in the EEA, CE marking as defined in the applicable European Directive(s), e g Machinery."
Noise test code for lifting and tilting machines for bakery
Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions shall be in accordance with EN ISO 12001:1996.
Installation and mounting conditions
The appropriate test environment for measuring the emission sound pressure level must be a flat outdoor area, such as a parking lot, or an indoor space that offers a nearly free field over a reflecting plane This setup must comply with the specifications outlined in Annex A.
To accurately assess the noise emission values of machinery, it is crucial to prevent electrical conduits, piping, or air ducts connected to the equipment from radiating excessive sound energy This can be achieved by implementing damping techniques or partially encasing these components.
Operating conditions
Operating conditions for machines of types A and B
During the determination of the emission sound pressure level, the operating conditions of the machine shall be as follows:
it shall operate at its maximum speed
For these machines, an operating cycle consists in three movements:
Operating conditions for machines of type C
During the determination of the emission sound pressure level, the operating conditions of the machine shall be as follows:
For these machines, an operating cycle consists in two movements:
Emission sound pressure level determination
The determination of the emission sound pressure level (A-weighted) shall be done in accordance with
The measurement time for sound pressure level measurements for the determination of the emission sound pressure level is the time to repeat three consecutive operating cycles as defined in A.3
The sound pressure level shall be determined with the microphone positioned at:
(1,00 ± 0,02) m in front of the machine (in the axis of the machine, in front of the control board)
The background noise must be assessed using A-weighted sound pressure levels across the relevant frequency bands It should be at least 6 dB lower than the noise generated by the machine being tested, with a preference for a difference greater than 15 dB.
In order to obtain the emission sound pressure level at the specified position, the background noise correction
K 1 shall be applied The determination and use of K 1 shall be made in accordance with EN ISO 11201
Emission sound pressure levels can also be measured using different frequency weightings or in octave and one-third octave frequency bands, as needed for specific measurement requirements.
Measurement uncertainties
A standard deviation of reproducibility from 0,5 dB to 2,5 dB is expected for the A-weighted emission sound pressure level determination (see EN ISO 11201).
Information to be recorded
All technical requirements of the noise test code must be documented, including any deviations from the code or basic noise emission standards, along with the technical justification for these deviations.
Information to be reported
The information to be included in the test report is that which the manufacturer requires to prepare a noise declaration or which the user requires to verify the declared values
As a minimum, the following information shall be included:
identification of the manufacturing company, of the machine type, model, serial number and year of manufacture;
reference to the basic noise emission standard(s) used;
description of the mounting and operating conditions used;
microphone position for the determination of the emission sound pressure level at the workstation; and
All requirements of the noise test code and basic noise emission standards must be met, or any unmet requirements should be clearly identified Additionally, any deviations from these requirements must be documented, along with a technical justification for each deviation.
Declaration and verification of noise emission values
The declaration of the noise emission value shall be made as a dual number noise emission declaration according to EN ISO 4871
!It shall declare the noise emission values L (L pA and L wA) and the respective uncertainty K (K pA and K wA) according to 7.3."
The uncertainty K pA is expected to have a value of 2,5 dB
The noise declaration must confirm that the noise emission value is derived from the specified noise test code and the fundamental standard EN ISO 11201 If this assertion is inaccurate, the declaration must explicitly outline any discrepancies from the noise test code (as detailed in Annex A of this European Standard) and/or from the essential European Standards.
Verification will be conducted in accordance with EN ISO 4871, utilizing the same mounting, installation, and operating conditions as those employed during the initial assessment of the noise emission value.
Principles of design to ensure the cleanability of lifting and tilting machines for bakery
Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply
B.1.1 easily cleanable designed and constructed to permit the elimination of soil by a simple cleaning method (e g manual cleaning)
B.1.2 fitted surfaces surfaces separated by a distance less than or equal to 0,5 mm
B.1.3 joined surfaces surfaces between which no particle of product becomes trapped in small crevices, thus becoming difficult to dislodge and so introduce a contamination hazard
Materials of construction
Surface conditions
The surface finish of materials must allow for easy cleaning under acceptable conditions, adhering to the maximum roughness values Rz specified in EN ISO 4287, as outlined in Tables B.1 and B.2.
!Table B.1 — Surface conditions for food area
!Table B.2 — Surface condition for splash area
Design
Connections of internal surfaces
Connections shall have the same roughness as the connected surfaces These shall be designed to avoid any dead space, see EN 1672-2
B.3.1.1 Connections of internal surfaces for food area
Two surfaces shall be connected such that:
rounded edge has a radius greater than a curve of minimum radius (r 1 ) of 3 mm This can be obtained by:
machining (cutting into material mass);
bending the sheet metal (bending and forming);
design (in moulds, foundry patterns, injection and blasting ) (see Figure B.1)
or by ground and polished welded assembly (see Figure B.2)
for an internal angle (α 1 ) greater than or equal to 135°, there are no special requirements for the radius (see Figure B.3)
Three surfaces shall be connected:
by using rounded edges, with two rounded edges having a radius greater than or equal to 3 mm and the third having a radius greater than or equal to 7 mm;
by angles of 135° (α 1 ) so that the dimension (l 1 ) between two bends is then equal to or greater than 7 mm (see Figure B.4)
B.3.1.2 Connections of internal surfaces for splash area
If two surfaces are perpendicular, the radius (r 2 ) shall be greater than 1 mm (see Figure B.5)
If the internal angle (α 2 ) is between 60° and 90°, the radius (r 1 ) shall be greater than or equal to 3 mm (see Figure B.6):
When two perpendicular surfaces are welded together, the weld shall be watertight (see Figure B.7) A ground finish is acceptable
Figure B.7 B.3.1.3 Connections of internal surfaces for non food area
Surface assemblies and overlaps
The sheet metal assembly methods shall take into account the expanding or contracting due to temperature variations
B.3.2.1 Surface assemblies and overlaps for food area
Assembled surfaces are considered to be joined either:
by a continuous weld (see Figure B.8);
or by a continuous sealed and flushed joint (see Figure B.9)
In cases where technical constraints are unavoidable, such as with long sheet metal parts of varying thicknesses, assemblies can be created by overlapping sheets In this scenario, it is essential that the assembled surfaces are properly joined together.
The upper surfaces must overlap the lower surfaces in the direction of liquid flow, with a minimum separation distance (h) of 30 mm between the end of the overlap and the corner (refer to Figure B.10).
If this is impossible to construct, connections shall comply with the requirements concerning rounded areas in the food area (see B.3.1.1 and Figure B.11)
or by continuous sealed and flush jointing
When the combined thickness of the overlapping section and joint exceeds 1 mm, the upper part must be chamfered to reduce the thickness (d) to 1 mm or less, as illustrated in Figure B.12.
Figure B.12 B.3.2.2 Surface assemblies and overlaps for splash area
— by means of a profile which cannot be pulled away and which is installed before assembly (see
— by flush bonding (the returns of the part used for bonding shall have a flange length (l 2 ) greater than
6 mm and the flush of the bond shall not have a shrinkage(s) more than 0,5 mm), see Figure B.14
The components should be assembled with a maximum clearance of 0.5 mm, ensuring that the upper surfaces overlap the lower surfaces in the direction of product flow Additionally, an overlapping distance of at least \( r_e \) is required.
30 mm is essential to prevent liquid rising by capillary action (see Figure B.15)
Figure B.15 B.3.2.3 Surface assemblies and overlaps for non food area
Fasteners
If construction requires the use of hexagon socket head screws embedded in a spot-face:
either the construction shall comply with the Figure B.16 and the manufacturer shall prescribe suitable cleaning facilities in the instruction handbook;
or the manufacturer shall take the necessary steps to fill in the spot-face by sealed and lasting plugs complying with the requirements for the food area
Pin drive systems must be solid and assembled as flush as possible to be authorized Manufacturers are permitted to implement an inspection procedure to verify adherence to this requirement.
Easily cleanable fasteners shall be chosen from those in Figure B.17
If construction requires the use of hexagon socket screws embedded in a spot-face hole, the design shall comply with:
Manufacturers can specify the necessary cleaning facilities, such as high-pressure jets, in the instruction handbook, in accordance with the principles outlined in Figure B.6 for the food area.
manufacturer shall take all necessary measures to plug the spot-face with sealed plugs
B.3.3.3 Fasteners for non-food area
Feet, support and bases for cleaning the machines underneath
B.3.4.1 Fixed machines with or without a base
Fixed machines, whether or not equipped with a base, must be securely anchored to the floor using a continuous and sealed joint as specified in the instruction handbook (refer to Figure B.18) Alternatively, the feet of the machines (H) should be at least 150 mm in height.
If the cleaning space depth (L) does not exceed 150 mm, the height (H) can be minimized to 100 mm, provided that all access options are considered (refer to Figure B.19).
If the foot surface is greater than 1 dm 2 the feet shall be considered to be a base (with interposed seal) (see Figure B.20)
The castors shall be cleanable An example is given in Figure B.21, where b is the greater width of the covering at the circumference of the wheel:
Ventilation openings
B.3.5.1 Ventilation openings for non food area
Ventilation openings shall be located in the non-food area
Their design shall prevent any infiltration or retention of fluid in the machine
To prevent rodent access in technical areas of machines, it is essential to install guards that restrict entry The openings in these guards must have a maximum dimension that is less than or equal to a specified size.
B.3.5.2 Ventilation openings for splash area
In case of technical constraints, ventilation openings may be in the splash area In such cases, they shall be designed to be cleanable
Whenever possible, for machines standing on the floor, a guard shall prevent access to rodents in any technical areas of the machine
The smallest dimension of the opening (b) shall be less than or equal to 5 mm (see Figure B.22).
Hinges
Whenever possible, the manufacturer shall eliminate swivel points from the food area
If their presence in the food area is technically necessary, then:
they shall be easily removed;
if they cannot be removed, all surfaces shall be accessible
Assemblies with a fixed component must utilize a joint specifically designed to prevent infiltration Access to these areas is permitted when the passage width (\$l_3\$) is at least twice the depth (\$p\$) Additionally, the width (\$l_3\$) must not be less than 10 mm, as illustrated in Figure B.23.
Control panel
The control panel shall be located in the non-food area and shall also be cleanable
B.3.7.1 Control panel in the non-food area
Normally, the control panel should be in the non-food area and should also be cleanable
B.3.7.2 Control panel in the splash area
If it is not possible for technical reasons to place the control panel in the non-food area the various controls shall have easily cleanable surfaces
The distance L between two elements shall be greater than or equal to:
12,5 mm if their height h is less than or equal to 8 mm (see Figure B.25)
If the above requirements cannot be complied with, controls shall be protected by a cap (see Figure B.26)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, as amended by 98/79/EC.
Once this European Standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union and adopted as a national standard by at least one Member State, adherence to its normative clauses provides a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of the Directive and associated EFTA regulations, within the standard's defined scope.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard
! Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC.
Citing this standard in the Official Journal of the European Union and implementing it as a national standard in at least one Member State grants a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of the Directive and associated EFTA regulations, within the scope of the standard's normative clauses.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard."
[1] !EN 453, Food processing machinery — Dough mixers — Safety and hygiene requirements
[2] CEN/TR 15623, Food processing machinery — Route map — Materials for food area
[3] EN ISO 14121-1, Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 1: Principles (ISO 14121-1:2007)"