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12974:2000
The European Standard EN 12974:1999 has the status of a
British Standard
ICS 71.100.40
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
Surface active agents Ð
Determination of the
1,4-dioxane content in
alkyl-ethoxy-sulfate
products by
GLC/head space
procedure
Confirmed June 2009
Trang 2This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Sector
Committee for Materials and
Chemicals, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 March 2000
BSI 03-2000
BS EN 12974:2000
Amendments issued since publication
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12974:1999 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/34, Methods of test for surface active agents, which has the responsibility to:
Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;
Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover, and a back cover
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued
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