Bsi bs en 12855 2003 + a1 2010

Bowl cutters are constructed, for example, from a machine frame, a bowl, a set of cutting blades, a blade shaft, a blade cover, a noise cover, a loading and removal device, an associated

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 12855:2003+A1:2010 It supersedes BS EN 12855:2003 which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment isindicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN textcarry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered

by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery, to Subcommittee MCE/3/5, Food industry machines

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard, was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Cutters à cuve

tournante - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à

l'hygiène

Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Kutter mit umlaufender Schüssel - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2003 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 30 April 2010

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members

Ref No EN 12855:2003+A1:2010: E

Contents page

Foreword 3

Introduction 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 7

3 Terms and definitions 8

4 List of hazards 9

4.1 General 9

4.2 Mechanical hazards 9

4.3 Electrical hazards 11

4.4 Hydraulic hazards 11

4.5 Hazard from loss of stability 11

4.6 Noise hazard 11

4.7 Hazard from use of gases (N2, CO2 and steam) 11

4.8 Hazards from non-compliance with ergonomic principles 11

4.9 Hazards from non-compliance with hygiene principles 11

5 Safety requirements and/or measures 12

5.1 General 12

5.2 Mechanical hazards 12

5.3 Electrical Hazards 18

5.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic hazards 21

5.5 Hazard from loss of stability 21

5.6 Noise reduction 21

5.7 Hazard from use of gases (N2, CO2 and steam) 21

5.8 Ergonomic requirements 22

5.9 Hygiene and cleaning 22

6 Verification of safety requirements and/or safety measures 24

7 Information for use 25

7.1 General 25

7.2 Operating instructions 25

7.3 Training of operators 27

8 Marking 27

Annex A (normative) Common hazards for food processing machines and reduction requirements applicable to rotating bowl cutters 29

Annex B (normative) Noise test code for rotating bowl cutters (grade 2) 31

Annex C (normative) Design principles to ensure cleanability of rotating bowl cutters 33

Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC" 39

Bibliography 40

Foreword

This document (EN 12855:2003+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 153 “Food processing machinery - Safety and hygiene specifications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or

by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest

by December 2010

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-04-30

This document supersedes EN 12855:2003

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags!"͘

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document

It is one of a series of standards which have been prepared for machines and equipment for meat processing in accordance with EN 1672-2

!deleted text"

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

Introduction

This standard covers rotating bowl cutters with optional loading and unloading devices

!This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard."

1 Scope

1.1 This European Standard specifies requirements for bowl cutters (see figure 1) used when stationary and

positioned on the floor or at table height

Bowl cutters are food machines used to process fresh or frozen meat, meat products, fish and vegetables in a rotating bowl This is performed by means of vertical blades rotating around a nearly horizontal axis !This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to rotating bowl cutters, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4)

This European Standard specifies the hazards which can arise during commissioning, operation, cleaning, use, maintenance and decommissioning of the machine."

This standard does not apply to household bowl cutters

1.2 This standard only applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of this standard

1.3 This standard covers the following types of bowl cutters according to the diameter (D) or the volume (V) of the

For type 2 and type 3 bowl cutters, loading devices are also covered in this standard

Bowl cutters are constructed, for example, from a machine frame, a bowl, a set of cutting blades, a blade shaft, a blade cover, a noise cover, a loading and removal device, an associated drive and electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic components and also components for fumigating, vacuuming, heating and cooling according to machine type

NOTE In preparing this standard it was assumed that the machine would be operated by trained personnel

Figure 1 — Elements of a bowl cutter, accessories

The fresh or deep-frozen material is fed manually or by means of a loading device into the bowl of the bowl cutter

On account of the rotation of the cutter bowl at different speeds of the blade shaft, the material is mixed with additives, size reduced or emulsified This can also take place under vacuum, or when liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide or steam is added, or when boiling takes place at the same time

2 Normative references

!The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

EN 614-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles

EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and

EN 1005-1, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 1: Terms and definitions

EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and

component parts of machinery

EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force limits for

machinery operation

EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up

EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and

selection

EN 1672-2:2005, Food processing machinery — Basic concepts — Part 2: Hygiene requirements

EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements

(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified)

EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)

EN ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —

Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)

EN ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO

4871:1996)

EN ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound

pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring environmental corrections (ISO 11204:1995)

EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment —

Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)

EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic

terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)

EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical

principles and specifications

EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles

for design

EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment — Principles for design

(ISO 13850:2006)

EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by the upper

and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)"

3 Terms and definitions

!For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN 1672-2:2005 and the following apply."

fixed hand safety device

rigid strips integrated into the blade cover, which together with the mushroom cover the cutting set

vacuum boiling lid

cover, required for production of certain products It can replace the noise cover

4 List of hazards

4.1 General

This clause and annex A contain the hazards and hazardous situations as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by a risk assessment significant for this type of machinery and which require action identified to eliminate or reduce risk

Before using this standard it is important to carry out a risk assessment of the rotating bowl cutter to check that it has the hazards identified in this clause

4.2 Mechanical hazards

(See figure 2)

 Zone 1

 Rotating blades under blade cover;

 Cutting or severing hazards to fingers or hand;

 Zone 2

 Zone between bowl and machine frame;

 Drawing-in hazards to fingers or hand;

 Zone 3

 Area of movement of loading device;

 Crushing or shearing hazards to limbs or body;

 Zone 4

 Area of movement of blade cover and/or noise cover and/or vacuum lid;

 Crushing hazard to fingers or hands;

 Zone 5

 Area of drive systems;

 Severing or drawing-in hazard to upper limbs;

 Zone 6

 Ejection of blades in the event of breakage;

 Cutting or penetration hazards to body;

 Zone 7

 Area of unloading device;

 Crushing hazard to fingers or hands;

 Zone 8

 Cleaning and maintenance of blades;

 Cutting or severing hazards to fingers or hands

Figure 2 — Danger areas of bowl cutters

4.3 Electrical hazards

4.3.1 Direct or indirect contact with live parts

Hazard of electric shock to the body, including the result of a malfunction

4.3.2 Electrical components with insufficient safety level

Hazard of mechanical injury to the body, including the result of a malfunction

4.4 Hydraulic hazards

Hazard to operator from ejection of high-pressure liquid

4.5 Hazard from loss of stability

Impact or crushing hazard to the body, if machine or loading device topples over

4.6 Noise hazard

Rotating bowl cutters may generate noise which can result in hearing damage, and in accidents due to interference with speech communication and in interference with the perception of acoustic signals

4.7 Hazard from use of gases (N2, CO2 and steam)

Leakage of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) or steam:

 Hazard of suffocation;

 Hazard of burns, frostbite or scalding

4.8 Hazards from non-compliance with ergonomic principles

 Unhealthy posture or excessive physical effort;

 Inadequate consideration of the human anatomy of hand/arm or foot/leg during machine design;

 Hazard of physical damage to body

4.9 Hazards from non-compliance with hygiene principles

 Microbial causes:

 Hazard from foodstuff spoilage;

 Hazard of damage to health of the consumer through food poisoning;

 Hazard of infection of operator

 Chemical causes:

 Hazard (contamination) of foodstuff through residues of cleaning and disinfecting agents and hydraulic fluid;

 Hazard of damage to health of the consumer;

 Hazard of toxic or allergic reactions from operator;

For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of a B-level standard such as !EN ISO 13857",

EN 953, EN 1672-2, EN 60204-1, etc the manufacturer shall carry out a risk assessment to establish the requirements of the B-standard which are to be applied This specific risk assessment shall be part of the general risk assessment of the machine

Where the means of reducing the risk is by the arrangement or positioning of the installed machine, the manufacturer shall include in the Information for use a reference to the reduction means to be provided, and to any limiting value of the requirement, and, if appropriate, to the means of verification

Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of working the machinery, the manufacturer shall include

in the Information for use details of the system and of the elements of training required by the operating personnel

5.2 Mechanical hazards

Rotating blades under protective cover

!The danger zone of rotating blades shall be protected with an interlocked guard according to EN 1088:1995, 4.2.1 If the rotating blades do not stop within the time specified below, the interlocking device shall be provided also with a guard locking, according to EN 1088:1995, 4.2.2 The safety related control system for the interlocking

of the blade cover shall present at least a performance level “c” in accordance with of EN ISO 13849-1:2008, or performance level “e” if electronic components are used."

For type 1 bowl cutters

 the rotating blade shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 2 s after the front edge of the blade cover has been lifted more than 50 mm This applies when the bowl is empty; For type 2 bowl cutters

 the blade shaft shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 3 s after the front edge of the blade cover has been lifted by more than 50 mm This applies when the bowl is empty;

For type 3 bowl cutters

 the blade shaft shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 4 s after the front edge of the blade cover has been lifted by more than 100 mm This applies when the bowl is empty; For type 1 bowl cutters (see figure 3)

 the depth of the cover shall not be less than 70 % of the bowl’s external diameter D An open section of max 90° is allowed on the operating side;

Figure 3 — Example of design of type 1 bowl cutters

For type 2 bowl cutters (see figure 4)

 the depth of the cover shall not be less than 55 % of the bowl’s external diameter D;

 over the right side of the bowl (“inlet side”) the blade cover shall protrude 20 % of the bowl diameter towards the front of the cutter, measured from the centreline The 20 % shall be achieved in the centreline of the inlet

side The shape of the additional protruding blade cover can be triangle, circular or similar;

Figure 4 — Example of design of type 2 bowl cutters

For type 1 and type 2 bowl cutters (see figure 5b)

 fixed hand safety devices shall be provided The width of the mushroom and the fixed hand safety devices shall be more than one and a half times the maximum width of the cutting set on each side of the centreline of the bowl;

 the distance from right side of hand safety device to the nearest possible blade position shall be not less than

50 mm;

 hand safety device shall be provided even if the width of the mushroom fulfils the above requirements;

 the minimum height of the fixed hand safety devices shall be 40 % of the bowl depth

B is the width of cutting set;

H is the height of the hand safety device;

P is the diameter of mushroom;

T is the depth of the bowl.

and 2 bowl cutters Figure 5 — Examples of bowl cutters

For type 2 and 3 bowl cutters

 a non-return flap is required to be mounted on the outlet side See figure 5 for non-return flap on type 2 machines The flap shall not be removable from the machine without tools It shall protrude at least 0,4 times

the depth of the bowl (T) into the bowl The distance to the bowl at the sides of the flap shall not be more than

20 mm;

For type 3 bowl cutters (see figure 6)

 a safety distance (L) of not less than 850 mm to the blades shall be provided;

 if the safety distance (L) is less than 1 200 mm a hand safety device shall be provided The device shall be located in front of the cutting set on both sides of the mushroom The distance from either side of the hand safety device to the nearest possible blade position shall be not less than 50 mm The height of the device

shall be more than 0,4 times the depth of the bowl (T)

Area between bowl and machine frame

The rotating bowl shall avoid forming any drawing-in points with fixed machine components If this is not possible, the access to the danger zone shall be prevented by a fixed guard, movable guard with interlocking according to

EN 1088, or other protective device with equal safety

!Fixing systems of fixed guards shall remain attached to these guards or to the machine when the guards are removed."

Area of movement of loading device

Loading devices shall comply with the requirements of !EN ISO 12100-2:2003, 4.14"

There are lift-tilt devices of various designs, for example, with

 fixed lifting arms for holding the trolley;

 a vertical mast-type lift-tilt device with forks for holding transport trolleys or containers

Lift-tilt devices can be free standing or connected to the bowl cutters Lift-tilt devices shall be designed to be stable and conform to the requirements set out in 5.4

If the device meets an obstruction the bowl cutter shall not roll, slip or tip over This can be achieved by slip clutches or a motor overload cut-out to automatically stop the descent

Load bearing devices shall be constructed to prevent transport trolleys or containers falling off (e.g by providing a locking device) The distance between the load bearing device and the machine base shall be > 120 mm During the tilting operation the minimum distance to the surface of the machine shall be > 25 mm

The lowering velocity shall be ≤ 0,2 m/s when it is controlled by a hold-to-run control

The lowering velocity shall be ≤ 0,1 m/s when the lowering motion is controlled automatically or without a run control In this case, the last 0,5 m before the trolley or container touches the floor shall be controlled by a hold-to-run control

Area of movement of blade cover and noise cover

The force required to raise or lower the cover shall not exceed 250 N

Movable machine components (e.g covers) shall be prevented from slamming shut This shall be achieved for example by the following measures:

On non-powered covers a counterweight or a spring shall be provided if, when open, the cover does not swing back to a stable position behind its top dead centre The cover shall be provided with a grab handle

Area of drive mechanism

Access to danger zones on the drive system shall be prevented This shall be achieved for example, by the following measures:

Guards (cover over casing) in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2 shall be provided on the drive mechanism The guards may be fixed, or detachable and interlocked If guards are removable, for example, for changing the operating process or for the purpose of cleaning, they shall be interlocked

For safety requirements relating to the interlocking system, see 5.2.1

!Fixing systems of fixed guards shall remain attached to these guards or to the machine when the guards are removed."

Area of blade ejection

The manufacturer shall design the blade cover to prevent penetration by blade fragments; the methods used for calculations shall have been proved by analysis, or by test / field experiences

Bowl cutter blades shall be positively locked to the shaft and not rely solely on friction Rotation in either direction shall not tend to loosen the blade The instruction for use shall include warning of the hazards resulting from fitting the blades incorrectly

Area of unloading device

The unloading device shall be designed so that the disc can only be set in motion when immersed in the bowl The disc shall switch-off automatically when it is lifted level with the bowl rim The control of the unloading device shall be provided with a hold-to-run control Maximum permitted lowering speed 50 mm/s

Cleaning and maintenance of the blades

The operating instructions shall give information on the methods of safe storage, transportation, maintenance and cleaning, and disposal of the blades If this involves particular handling equipment, or protective cover, or personal protective equipment these shall be provided or described in the instructions for use

5.3 Electrical Hazards

5.3.1 General

The electrical components and electrical system of the machine shall conform to requirements of EN 60204-1 with the clarifications described in this clause

5.3.2 Stop function of switching devices

The stop function of switching devices shall be in accordance with !EN 60204-1:2006", 9.2.2, category 0

!In general rotating bowl cutters do not require an emergency stop device Nevertheless, if the risk assessment

to be carried out by the manufacturer results in the conclusion that such a device would reduce the stopping time, the machine shall be fitted with an emergency stop device

If no emergency stop device is fitted, the normal OFF switch shall be easily reachable from the operator position."

An emergency stop-device according to !EN ISO 13850" is required when automatic loading device, and/or unloading device is used This shall be easily reachable from the operator’s normal positions

5.3.4 Protection against water ingress

 on the control box enclosure on the machine;

 on the control box enclosure located in the process room;

 IP X3 Internal electrical operating components:

 in the machine with enclosed housing with the degree of protection IP X5 and open lower surface;

 Protection against direct and indirect impact of a water jet shall be assured;

 IP X2 Internal electrical operating components:

 in a machine with completely enclosed housing with the degree of protection IP X5;

 protection against condensate water shall be provided;

 in the control box enclosure;

 IP X0 Internal electrical operating components:

 in a machine with completely enclosed housing with the degree of protection;

 IP X5 Protection against condensate water shall be provided, and the safety of fingers and the back of hand shall be assured

5.3.4.2 Hoods

Ingress of water into the external electrical operating components shall be prevented This can be achieved by covering electrical operating components with hoods A statement indicating their use shall be included in the instruction handbook

Hoods covering the external operating components may be lifted for actuating ON and OFF switches Hoods shall not, when closed, restrict the use of the OFF switch (see figure 7) When using membrane switches or similar systems, no hoods are needed if the membrane switches or similar systems are suitable for cleaning with pressurized water or a pressure cleaning apparatus

NOTE It is not intended that rotating bowl cutter machines are cleaned with pressurized water However, it is difficult to guarantee that this method will never be used in practice, and the requirements in this clause are included to reduce electrical risks

PROTECTION HOOD (OFF)

Figure 7 — ON / OFF switch with hood

5.3.5 ON and OFF-switch

operator’s side of machines The ON-switch shall be protected against unintentional operation (e.g by protective collar)

motion or action being controlled by the hold-to-run control

5.3.6 !Safety requirements related to electromagnetic phenomena

The machines shall have sufficient immunity from electromagnetic disturbances to enable them to operate safely as intended and not fail to danger when exposed to the levels and types of disturbances intended by the

If these times are not achieved, the blade cover with interlocking shall be provided with guard locking also and it shall not be possible to open it before the blades have come to a standstill