4.2 Formulation of steel names Steel names allocated in accordance with this European Standard shall comprise principal symbols as specified in 7.1.. For steels specified in standards t
A unique steel name
There shall be one unique steel name for each steel.
Formulation of steel names
Steel names allocated in accordance with this European Standard shall comprise principal symbols as specified in 7.1
To eliminate ambiguity, it is essential to include supplementary symbols that specify additional characteristics of the steel or steel product, such as its suitability for high or low temperatures, surface condition, treatment condition, and de-oxidation These supplementary symbols are detailed in section 7.2.
Unless otherwise specified in this European Standard the symbols used in the steel name shall be written without spaces.
Allocation of steel names
4.3.1 For steels specified in European Standards (EN), Technical Specifications (TS) and Technical Reports (TR), steel names shall be allocated by the ECISS Technical Committee concerned
4.3.2 For steels specified in CEN member's national standards and for other steels, steel names shall be allocated by or under the responsibility of the national standards body concerned
To prevent multiple names being assigned to the same type of steel, the European Registration Office, as outlined in EN 10027-2, will collaborate with the relevant national standards body when a steel number is requested, ensuring consistent steel naming conventions.
Consultation
Where there are difficulties or disputes in establishing steel names ECISS/TC100 shall be consulted and shall advise accordingly
When ordering steel products, it is essential to include the full designation, which consists of the steel name and the technical delivery requirements For steels that are defined by standards, the reference number of the applicable product standard must also be specified.
Details of the structures of the steel name for the steel or steel product shall be provided in the relevant product or dimensional standard
For the purposes of designation, steel names are classified into two main categories:
— Category 1: steels designated according to their application and mechanical or physical properties (see 7.3)
— Category 2: steels designated according to their chemical composition (see 7.4)
Principal symbols
Principal symbols for steels designated according to steel application and its mechanical and physical properties shall be assigned in accordance with 7.3
Principal symbols for steels designated according to the chemical composition of the steel shall be assigned in accordance with 7.4
Where a steel is specified in the form of a steel casting, its name as specified in Tables 1 to 15 shall be preceded by the letter G
Where a steel is produced by powder metallurgy, its name as specified in Tables 14 and 15 shall be preceded by the letters PM.
Additional symbols
Additional symbols may be added to the principal symbols and assigned in accordance with 7.3 and 7.4
Additional symbols are categorized into two groups: group 1 and group 2 If the symbols from group 1 are insufficient to fully describe the steel, symbols from group 2 may be incorporated However, symbols from group 2 must only be used in conjunction with and follow those from group 1.
Additional symbols for steel products may be appended to those in groups 1 and 2, chosen according to sections 7.3 and 7.4 from Tables 16, 17, and 18 These symbols must be separated from the preceding ones by a plus sign (+).
Additional symbols selected from Tables 16, 17 and 18 may be added to steel numbers allocated in accordance with EN 10027–2 and, when used, separated from the steel number by the plus sign (+).
Steels designated according to their application and mechanical or physical
The designation of steel according to their application and mechanical or physical properties shall be made in accordance with Table 1 to Table 11
For steel For steel product
S = structura l steel nnn = speci fied minimum yield strength e in MPa f for the smallest thickness range
W = Weather resistant an = Chemical symbol of specified additional elements, e.g Cu, together, where necessary, with a single digit representing
10 × the average (rounded to 0,1 %) of that specified range of the content of that element
G = Other characteristics followed, where necessary by 1 or 2 digits
In the classification of steel products, additional symbols are utilized, including numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) Group 1 symbols, such as A, M, N, and Q, are specifically designated for fine grain steels Group 2 symbols, excluding chemical symbols, may include one or two digits to differentiate qualities as per the relevant product standard When two symbols from this group are required, the chemical symbol must be placed last The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), or proof strength total extension (R t), depending on the specifications outlined in the applicable product standard It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Examples of steel names for structural steels Standard Steel name according to
Table 2 — Steels for pressure purposes
For steel For steel products
P = steels for pressure purposes nnn = specifi ed minimum yield strength d in MPa e for the smallest thickness range
G = Other characteristics followed, where necessary, by 1 or 2 digits
Steel products utilize additional symbols, including numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) Symbols M, N, and Q in group 1 are designated for fine grain steels Group 2 symbols, excluding chemical symbols, may include one or two digits to differentiate qualities as per the relevant product standard The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), or proof strength total extension (R t), depending on the specifications outlined in the applicable product standard It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Table 3 — Steels for line pipe
For steel For steel products
L = steels for line pipe nnn = specifi ed minimum yield strength c in MPa d for the smallest thickness range
G = Other characteristics followed, where necessary by 1 or 2 digits a = class requirement followed, where necessary, by one digit
E = European onshore natural gas transmission
Additional symbols for steel products include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) Symbols M, N, and Q in group 1 are applicable to fine grain steels The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), or proof strength total extension (R t), depending on the specifications outlined in the relevant product standard It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
For steel For steel products
E = engineeri ng steels nnn = specif ied minimum yield strength b in MPa c for the smallest thickness range
G = other characteristics followed, where necessary by 1 or 2 digits or in case where impact properties are specified the rules of Table 1 Group 1 shall be applied
C = suitability for cold drawing Table 18
In the context of steel products, additional symbols include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), and proof strength total extension (R t), as defined by the relevant product standards It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according
Table 5 —Steels for reinforcing concrete
For steel For steel products
B = steels for reinforcing concrete nnn = characteri stic yield strength b in
MPa c for the smallest dimensional range a = ductility class followed, where necessary, by 1 or 2 digits
In the context of steel products, additional symbols include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), and proof strength total extension (R t), as defined by the relevant product standards It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Table 6 — Steels for prestressing concrete
For steel For steel products
Y = steels for prestressing concrete nnnn = c nominal tensile strength (R m ) in MPa d
H = Hot rolled bars or hot rolled and processed bars
G = Other characteristics followed, where necessary by 1 or 2 digits
Steel product symbols include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) Group 1 symbols may have one or two digits added to differentiate qualities per the relevant product standard When tensile strength is indicated with three digits, the first digit must be zero Additionally, 1 MPa is equivalent to 1/Nmm².
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Table 7 — Steels for or in the form of rails
For steel For steel products
R = steel for or in the form of rails nnn = specifi ed minimum Brinell Hardness (HBW)
High manganese content is denoted as Mn, while the chemical symbols of additional specified elements, such as Cu, are represented as "an." Each of these elements is accompanied by a single digit that indicates 10 times the average (rounded to 0.1%) of the content range for that specific element.
G = Other characteristics followed where necessary, by 1 or 2 digits
HT = Heat treated LHT = Low alloy, heat treated
3 = Additional symbols for steel products a n = numerical characters, a = alpha characters, an = alphanumeric characters
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Table 8 — Flat products for cold forming (except those in Table 9)
For steel For steel products
D = flat products for cold forming
Cnn = cold rolled followed by 2 symbols c Dnn = hot rolled for direct cold forming followed by 2 symbols c
Xnn = product where rolled condition are not specified followed by 2 symbols c
T = for tubes an = chemical symbol of special additional element, e.g Cu, together, where necessary, with a single digit representing
10 × the average (rounded to 0,1 %) of that specified range of the content of that element
G = other characteristics followed, where necessary, by 1 or 2 digits
Additional symbols for steel products include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) Group 1 symbols, excluding chemical symbols, may have one or two digits added to differentiate qualities as per the relevant product standard These symbols are designated by the responsible body to accurately characterize the steel.
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Table 9 — High strength steel flat products for cold forming
Letter Mechanical property For steel For steel products Group 1 b Group 2 b
H = flat products of high strength for cold forming
Cnnn = cold rolled followed by specified minimum yield strength c in MPad
Dnnn = hot rolled for direct cold forming followed by specified minimum yield strength c in MPa d
Xnnn = product where the rolling condition is not specified followed by specified minimum yield strength c in MPa d
CTnnn(n) = cold rolled followed by specified minimum tensile strength in MPa d
LA = Low alloyed/micro alloyed
G = Other characteristics followed, where necessary, by 1 or 2 digits
DTnnn(n) refers to hot rolled materials designed for direct cold forming, characterized by a specified minimum tensile strength measured in MPa In contrast, XTnnn(n) denotes products where the rolling conditions are unspecified, also followed by a specified minimum tensile strength in MPa.
Steel products are identified using additional symbols, where "a n" represents numerical characters, "a" denotes alpha characters, and "an" signifies alphanumeric characters Group 1 and 2 symbols may include one or two digits to differentiate qualities as per the relevant product standard The term "yield strength" encompasses upper yield strength (R eH), lower yield strength (R eL), proof strength (R p), or proof strength total extension (R t), depending on the specifications outlined in the applicable product standard It is important to note that 1 MPa is equivalent to 1 N/mm².
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Table 10 — Tin mill products (steel products for packaging)
For steel For steel products
Hnnn = nominal yield strength (Re) in MPa b for continuous annealed grades Snnn = nominal yield strength (Re) in MPa b for batch annealed grades
NOTE No symbol is assigned to blackplate
3 = Additional symbols for steel products a n = numerical characters, a = alpha characters, an = alphanumeric characters b 1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Letter Property Type of product
M = electrical steel nnn(n) = max specified loss in W/kg x 100 nn = 100 × nomina l thickness in mm
A hyphen shall separate the two properties
For magnetic polarization at 50Hz of 1,5 Tesla:
K = non-alloy and alloy electrical steel sheet/strip in the semi- processed stateFor magnetic polarization at 50Hz of 1,7 Tesla:
3 = Additional symbols for steel products a n = numerical characters, a = alpha characters, an = alphanumeric characters
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Steels designated according to chemical composition
The designation of steel according to their chemical composition shall be made in accordance with Table 12 to Table 15
To maintain brevity in the naming of alloy steels, certain digits or symbols can be omitted, provided that this does not lead to confusion with similar grades.
Table 12 — Non-alloy steels (except free cutting steels) with an average manganese content < 1 %
For steel For steel products
C = carbon nnn = 100 × spe cified average carbon percentage content Where the carbon content is not specified by a range, a suitably representative value shall be selected by the responsible body (see 4.3)
C = for cold forming, e.g cold heading, cold extrusion
E = with specified max sulfur content
R = with specified sulfur content range
G represents various characteristics, often accompanied by one or two digits The symbol "an" denotes the chemical symbol of specific additional elements, such as Cu When applicable, a single digit follows to indicate 10 times the average content of that element, rounded to 0.1% within the specified range.
Additional symbols for steel products include numerical characters (a n), alpha characters (a), and alphanumeric characters (an) To differentiate between two similar steel grades, the carbon content indicator may be increased by 1 Group 1 symbols, excluding E and R, can have one or two digits added to distinguish between qualities as per the relevant product standard The symbols E and R in group 1 may be followed by a single digit that represents 100 times the maximum or average sulfur content, rounded to the nearest 0.01%.
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Table 13 presents non-alloy steels with an average manganese content of 1% or more, along with non-alloy free-cutting steels and alloy steels (excluding high-speed steels) In these materials, the weight percentage of each average alloying element is less than 5%.
Letter Carbon content b Alloying elements For steel For steel products
(where necessary) nnn = 100 × specified average carbon percentage content
When the carbon content is not defined by a range, a representative value must be chosen by the responsible authority The chemical symbols for alloying elements that characterize the steel are followed by numbers, separated by hyphens, which indicate the average percentage content of these elements multiplied by specific factors.
Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si,
Steel products are identified using specific symbols, where "a n" represents numerical characters, "a" denotes alpha characters, and "an" signifies alphanumeric characters To differentiate between similar steel grades, the carbon content indicator may be incremented by 1 Additionally, the symbols must be arranged in descending order based on the average percentage content; if multiple elements share the same content value, their symbols should be listed in alphabetical order.
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Table 14 — Stainless steels and other alloy steels (except high speed steels) where the average content by weight of at least one alloying element is ≥ 5 %
Letter Carbon content b Alloying elements
(where necessary for tool steel)
X = the average content of at least one alloying element ≥ 5
% nnn = 100 × specified average carbon percentage content
When the carbon percentage content is not specified by a range, a representative value must be chosen by the responsible body The chemical symbols denote alloying elements that characterize the steel, followed by numbers separated by hyphens, which represent the average percentage of these elements rounded to the nearest integer Specifically, the chemical symbol for an alloying element, separated by a hyphen, indicates its content within a range of 0.20% to 1.0%, followed by a value that is ten times the specified average content for that alloying element.
In the classification of steel products, additional symbols are used to denote various characteristics, including numerical (a n), alpha (a), and alphanumeric (an) characters To differentiate between similar steel grades, the carbon content indicator may be incremented by 1 The symbols are arranged in descending order based on the average percentage content, and if multiple elements share the same content value, their symbols are listed alphabetically An example illustrating this is provided for steel with high nitrogen content.
Examples of steel names Standard Steel name according to
Letter Alloy element content For steel For steel products
HS = high speed steel n-n = numbers b, separated by hyphens, indicating percentage content of alloy elements in the following order:
- cobalt (Co) a (a) = chemical symbol(s) of the element(s) with higher content (in case of same steel grade)
3 = Additional symbols for steel products a n = numerical characters, a = alpha characters, an = alphanumeric characters b Each number represents the average percentage content of the respective element rounded to the nearest integer
Standard Steel name according to EN 10027–1
Table 16 — Symbols for steel products indicating special requirements
The Z15, Z25, and Z35 through thickness properties indicate minimum reductions of area of 15%, 25%, and 35%, respectively These symbols, separated by the plus sign (+), represent special requirements typically associated with steel characteristics For practical purposes, they are treated as symbols for steel products.
Table 17 — Symbols for steel products indicating type of coating
+AS aluminium silicon alloy coating
+AZ aluminium zinc alloy (>50 % Al) coating
+CE electrolytic chromium/chromium oxide coating (ECCS)
+T hot dip lead tin alloy (terne) coating
+TE electrolytic lead tin alloy (terne) coating
+Z hot dip zinc (galvanised) coating
+ZA hot dip zinc aluminium (>50 % Zn) coating
+ZF hot dip zinc iron (galvannealed) coating
+ZM hot dip zinc magnesium coating
+ZN electrolytic zinc nickel alloy coating a Symbols are separated from preceding symbols by the plus sign (+) See 7.2
Table 18 — Symbols for steel products indicating treatment condition
+AC annealed to achieve spheriodised carbides
+AR as rolled (without any special rolling and/or heat treatment conditions) +AT solution annealed
+Cnnn cold work hardened with a minimum tensile strength of nnn MPa b
+CPnnn cold work hardened with a minimum 0,2 % proof strength of nnn MPa +CR b cold rolled
+DC delivery condition at manufacturer's discretion
+FP treated to ferritic-pearlite structure and hardness range
+HC hot rolled followed by cold hardening
+LC skin passed (temper rolled or cold drawn)
+TH treatment to hardness range
+WW warm worked a Symbols are separated from preceded symbols by the plus sign (+) See 7.2 b 1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
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