Unknown raising standards worldwide™ NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS EN 1938 2010 Personal eye protection — Goggles for motorcycle a[.]
General
All the samples tested shall comply with the requirements of this European Standard
Goggles can be provided with different oculars.
Design and manufacture
Goggles must be designed without any projections, sharp edges, or defects that could lead to discomfort or injury during use Compliance with this requirement will be verified according to sections 5.11 and 5.12.
Materials
Any materials (or combination of materials) may be used, provided they meet the requirements of this European Standard.
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Goggles must be constructed from materials that do not cause irritation, allergic reactions, or toxic responses in a significant number of users.
Examples for documents which can be presented as evidence of chemical innocuousness are given in the note below
When assessing the safety of materials, it is essential to review various documents, including material specifications and safety data sheets Additionally, information regarding the materials' suitability for food use, medical devices, and other relevant applications should be considered Investigations into the materials' toxicological, allergenic, carcinogenic, reproductive toxicity, and mutagenic properties are also crucial Furthermore, ecotoxicological and environmental impact assessments of the materials should be examined to ensure their innocuousness.
The assessment of documents and goggles is essential to verify the validity of claims regarding the suitability of materials for protective goggles Key factors to consider include the presence of plasticisers, unreacted components, heavy metals, impurities, and the chemical identity of pigments and dyes.
All metallic materials that may have extended skin contact, such as hinges, rims, and bridges, must undergo testing for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811 standards The permissible nickel release limit is set at less than 0.5 µg/cm² per week.
Sit and fit
Goggles must be designed and manufactured to fit securely on the wearer's face during use, adapting to individual facial shapes through contact surfaces made of soft, flexible materials.
The retaining strap must be flexible or adjustable, ensuring a secure fit as per the manufacturer's guidelines It should withstand stress during proper use without tearing or permanently deforming.
The verification of this requirement shall be made according to 5.12.
Ventilation
Goggles must be designed with ventilation measures that do not interfere with peripheral vision and are located outside the ocular areas Compliance with this requirement will be verified through a visual inspection as outlined in section 5.11.
When goggle are provided with opening to allow circulation of air, the vented portion shall be such that openings shall exclude spherical objects 1,5 mm in diameter or larger.
The required air exchange rate and the design of ventilation openings are significantly influenced by factors such as weather conditions, driving speed, and individual circumstances like sweating, making it impossible to establish universally applicable standards.
Optical requirements
Field of vision
The size of the field of vision is defined in conjunction with the appropriate head-form described in Clause 17 of EN 168:2001
The goggles must provide a minimum field of vision as indicated by the ellipses in Figure 1, positioned 25 mm from the eyes of the designated head-form The horizontal axis should be aligned parallel to and 0.7 mm below the line connecting the centers of the eyes, with the plane of the ellipses remaining parallel to the flat back portion of the head-form.
The ellipses will have a horizontal length of 32.0 mm and a vertical width of 25.0 mm The center distance (d) between the two ellipses is defined as \( d = c + 20 \) mm, where \( c \) represents the pupillary distance.
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7 distance is 64 mm for the medium head-form and 54 mm for the small head-form, or it may be specified differently by the manufacturer.
The test shall be carried out in accordance with 5.3
Lens requirements
The lens requirements shall be as given in Table 1 The requirements apply to goggles with all the oculars declared by the manufacturer.
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Table 1 — General requirements for lenses
Difference in prismatic refractive power cm/m
Permissible tolerances for refractive powers of mounted oculars
Difference between the spherical powers of the left and right visual points
Uniformity of luminous transmittance According to 4.1.3.1 of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007
Maximum reduced luminance coefficient Single lens goggles: ≤ 1 cd/m²/lx
Multiple lens goggles: ≤ 2 cd/m²/lx
Quality of material and surface According to 4.4 of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007
Resistance to ultraviolet radiation After the testing according to 5.7, the maximum reduced luminance coefficient shall not exceed the values shown in this table
4.6.2.2 Permissible transmittance and filter categories
Motorcycle and moped goggles are classified into three transmittance categories, with specific luminous transmittance ranges outlined in Table 2 These categories allow for a permissible overlap of transmittance values of no more than ± 2% (absolute) between categories 0, 1, and 2.
If the supplier declares a luminous transmittance value, the tolerance for the value is ± 3 % absolute for transmittance values.
Photochromic filters exhibit two key transmittance values: one for the faded state and another for the darkened state These values are essential for understanding the filter's performance in varying light conditions.
In the case of gradient filters the transmittance value at the reference point is used to characterise the luminous transmittance / category of the oculars.
Table 2 also specifies the mandatory UV requirements for oculars for goggles for motorcycle and moped users.
Oculars for which the enhanced infrared absorption is claimed, shall meet the requirements of the last column of Table 2
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Table 2 — Permissible transmittance for oculars
Ultraviolet Spectral range Visible Spectral range
Maximum value of spectral transmittance τF (λ)
Maximum value of solar UVA transmittance τSUVA (λ)
Maximum value of solar infrared transmittance τ SIR
2 0,1 τ V τ V τ V 18 % to 43 % τ V a Only applicable to goggles recommended by the manufacturer as a protection against infrared radiation
Oculars with a luminous transmittance below 75% must include a warning from the manufacturer stating: "Not suitable for night driving or twilight conditions."
4.6.2.3 Special transmittance requirements and claimed transmittance properties
Oculars with specific transmittance requirements must meet the criteria outlined in clauses 4.1.3 and 4.1.4 of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007 Compliance with these standards is essential for ensuring the claimed transmittance properties are satisfied.
All oculars shall have a luminous transmittance value greater than or equal to 18 %.
The goggles shall satisfy the requirement of the recognition of signal lights according to 4.1.3.2.3 of
The goggles shall satisfy the requirement of the spectral transmittance according to 4.1.3.2.2 of
Non optical requirements
General
The compliance requirements pertain to goggles with all ocular types specified by the manufacturer If the only variation among the oculars is their color, compliance can be confirmed based on just one type.
Impact resistance
The requirement is satisfied if the goggles withstand the impact of a steel ball, when tested in accordance with 5.8.
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During testing, the following defects must be avoided: a) ocular fracture, which occurs if the ocular cracks completely through its thickness into multiple pieces or if the ball penetrates the ocular; b) ocular deformation, indicated by a mark on the white paper opposite the impact site; c) ocular housing or frame fracture, defined as the separation of the housing into multiple pieces, loss of the ability to hold the ocular in place, or detachment of an unbroken ocular from the frame.
Resistance to surface damage by fine particles
After the test described in 5.9 is made on the external face, the goggle’s oculars shall have a reduced luminance coefficient of not more than 10 cd/m²/lx.
Optional requirements – Resistance to fogging
If resistance to fogging is claimed, then the oculars of the goggles shall remain free from fogging for a minimum of 30 s when tested in accordance with 5.10
General
The testing schedule outlined in Table 3 is designated for type testing of complete goggles intended for motorcycle and moped users The order of tests numbered 1 to 9 can be modified, and a minimum of 16 samples is required for the testing process Should additional testing for optional requirements be necessary, the number of samples may exceed 16.
All the samples shall pass the test
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Table 3 — Testing schedule for complete goggles for motorcycle and moped users
Order of testing Requirements According to Clause Goggles number
4 Quality of material and surface 4.6.2 +
6 Transmittances, Uniformity of luminous transmittance 4.6.2 +1)
9 Difference in prismatic refractive power 4.6.2 +
12 Resistance to surface damage by fine particles 4.7.3 +2)
Explanation of the symbols: + Testing to be carried out on the indicated specimen
Empty field: No testing specified
1) Three oculars from the left and three oculars from the right eye
2) Two oculars from the left and two oculars from the right eye
Conditioning and test conditions
Immediately before starting the test series, the test specimen shall be conditioned for at least 4 h in an atmosphere maintained at a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C and a relative humidity of (50 ± 20) %
Actual testing shall be carried out within 1 h after removal from the conditioning cabinet in an atmosphere maintained within the same temperature band.
Field of vision
The field of vision for goggles is assessed using a perimeter based on the medium size head-form as specified in Clause 17 of EN 168:2001, while children's goggles are evaluated with a small size head-form Proper mounting of the goggles, as illustrated in Figure 2, ensures that the axes of rotation A and B, along with the optical axis C, converge at the front surface of one eye at the interpupillary distance.
Radiation is provided by a laser beam of (1 ± 0,5) mm diameter along axis C.
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Figure 2 — Test assembly for the measurement of the field of vision
A transparent screen is positioned at a distance of (250 ± 5) mm from the surface of the test head's eyes, centered between them On this screen, two ellipses are illustrated, each with a horizontal length of 320 mm and a vertical width of 250 mm The center distance between the two ellipses is defined as \(d' = c + (200 ± 1) \, \text{mm}\), where \(c\) represents the pupillary distance.
For testing purposes, a medium head-form is typically set at 64 mm and a small head-form at 54 mm, although manufacturers may specify different measurements Specifically, when the pupillary distance is 56 mm or less, the small head-form should be utilized for the test.
The horizontal axis should be positioned parallel to and 7 mm below the line connecting the centers of the eyes Additionally, the plane of the ellipses must remain parallel to the flat back portion of the head-form.
The arrangement is rotated around axes A and B to ensure that the laser beam strikes the circumference of the ellipse This beam will not be obstructed by the goggle frame, and the test will be conducted for both eyes.
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Refractive powers
The refractive powers shall be measured in accordance with 3.2 of EN 167:2001.
Transmittance
General
Test methods for the determination of transmittance shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of EN 167:2001.
Luminous transmittance
To determine luminous transmittance, the spectral distribution of standard illuminant D 65, as specified in ISO 11664-2:2007, along with the standard spectral values of the colorimetric 2° standard observer from ISO 11664-1:2007, must be utilized The product of these spectral distributions is detailed in Annex B For finer accuracy, linear interpolation of these values is recommended for smaller steps.
Infrared transmittance
The infrared transmittance ττττ SIR shall be calculated from the spectral transmittance values using the solar spectral irradiance as given in Annex D.
UV-transmittance
To calculate the solar UVA transmittance (\$τ_{SUVA}\$) from 315 nm to 380 nm and the solar UVB transmittance (\$τ_{SUVB}\$) from 280 nm to 315 nm, it is essential to ensure that the step width does not exceed 1 nm, utilizing the weighting functions specified in Annex C.
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Reduced luminance coefficient
The reduced luminance coefficient shall be measured in accordance with one of the reference methods specified in Clause 4 of EN 167:2001.
When measuring double lenses in a wedge-shaped arrangement, it is crucial to prevent reflections from entering the ring opening If there is any uncertainty, it is advisable to measure each lens individually and then sum the measured values.
Resistance to ultraviolet radiation
Oculars must undergo ultraviolet radiation resistance testing as per Clause 6 of EN 168:2001, with specific modifications: a) new lamps require a burn-in period of at least 150 hours; b) lamps should not exceed an operational lifespan of 2,000 hours; c) the irradiation duration is set at (50 ± 0.1) hours; d) lamps must be ozone-free; e) a cut-on filter, such as a clear white crown glass B 270 with a thickness of 4 mm, should be positioned between the lamp and the specimen, adhering to the spectral characteristics outlined in Annex E, with the spectral transmittance curve illustrated in Figure 4; f) the lamp current must be stabilized at (25 ± 0.2) A.
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Key a wavelength in nm solid line : nominal value b spectral transmittance dotted line: upper limit dashed line: lower limit
Figure 4 — Spectral transmittance of cut-on filter
NOTE The nominal position of the absorption edge is λc = 320 nm, defined by τ ( λc) = 46 %, a shift of ± 5 nm is permitted by the specified transmittance bands (Annex E).
Impact resistance
Goggles must be tested according to Clause 9 of EN 168:2001, with the exception of specific deviations, including the requirement that a 6 mm steel ball is projected at the oculars at a designated speed.
The recommended application areas for these protection levels are detailed in Annex F Additionally, the impact test must be conducted at two specified points as outlined in section 3.2.3 of EN 168:2001.
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Four pairs of goggles will be conditioned in air at 50 °C for 2 hours, while another four pairs will be conditioned at -10 °C for the same duration The impact test with a steel ball must occur within 30 seconds after removing the samples from their respective conditioning environments The testing will be conducted at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C, using new specimens for each test, with each specimen subjected to only one impact.
Resistance to surface damage by fine particles
Oculars shall be subjected to the test for “resistance to surface damage by fine particles” in accordance with the method specified in Clause 15 of EN 168:2001.
Resistance to fogging
Oculars shall be subjected to the test for “resistance to fogging” in accordance with the method specified in
Visual inspection
Each goggle must undergo a visual inspection with normal or corrected vision, without the use of magnification, before laboratory and practical performance tests This inspection should evaluate the goggle's condition, markings, manufacturer information, and any relevant safety data sheets or declarations regarding the materials used in its construction.
Sit and fit
One goggle shall be adjusted appropriately and donned by two different test subjects With worn goggle the following actions shall be undertaken, starting from a standing position:
turn head left and right;
tilt head back and forward;
standing jump on the spot five times
Note any significant discomfort or insecurity of the fit of the goggle
The test shall be performed without helmet If manufacturer declares or recommends some specific helmet, the test shall be carried out with that helmet
6 Information supplied by the manufacturer
The following information shall be supplied by the manufacturer at least in the official language(s) of the
Each goggle must include essential information such as the manufacturer's name and address, the European Standard number along with its publication date, and the model identification number This information can be provided through a notice, markings on the frame, packaging, or a label attached to the goggle, or any combination of these methods.
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Goggles designed for motorcycle and moped activities must include specific usage specifications, excluding official races and competitions If the oculars fail to meet spectral transmittance requirements, a warning stating “Not suitable for driving and road use” must be provided Additionally, instructions for storage, use, maintenance, cleaning, and disinfection are essential Important details such as protection capabilities, performance characteristics, and warnings against night driving or off-road use should be clearly outlined For oculars with luminous transmittance below 75%, a cautionary note regarding their unsuitability for night driving or twilight conditions is necessary Information on compatible accessories, spare parts, and fitting instructions should also be included, along with the significance of any markings Lastly, a warning about replacing scratched or damaged oculars is crucial for user safety.
The product must have permanent markings that are either directly attached or printed on a label, ensuring they remain visible and legible throughout its useful life These markings include the number and year of the relevant European Standard, the manufacturer's identification, the model designation, and specific symbols for goggles that do not meet the requirements of section 4.6.2.4.
Figure 5 — Symbol “not suitable for road use”
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Photochromic sunglare oculars for use in twilight or at night
In reduced light, sunglare oculars intended for bright daylight reduce visual perception The lower the luminous transmittance value of the sunglare ocular, the more vision is impaired.
Sunglare oculars with a luminous transmittance of less than 75 % are not suitable for use in twilight or at night.
Photocromic sunglare oculars are deemed appropriate for twilight or nighttime use if they achieve a luminous transmittance exceeding 75% This assessment involves conditioning the oculars as per section 6.2.3.1.1 of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007, followed by exposure to a light intensity of (50,000 ± 3,000) lux at a temperature of (23 ± 1) °C.
15 min; c) after b), photochromic sunglare oculars are then stored in the dark at (23 ± 1)°C for 60 min
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Spectral functions for the calculation of luminous transmittance and relative visual attenuation coefficients (quotients)
Table B.1 presents the product of the spectral distribution of radiation from signal lights and the standard illuminant D65, as outlined in ISO 11664-2:2007 It also includes the spectral visibility function of the average human eye for daylight vision, as specified in ISO 11664-1:2007.
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Sum 100 100 100 100 100 a For blue signal light the spectral distribution for 3 200 K is used instead of standard illuminant A
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Spectral functions for the calculation of solar UV transmittance values
This annex contains the spectral functions for the calculation of solar UV-transmittance values
For the spectral distribution of solar radiation E Sλ (λ) the values are taken from MOON, P., "Proposed standard solar-radiation curves for engineering use", Journal of Franklin Institute, vol 230, issue 5 (November
The irradiance values extend to 295 nm, with necessary interpolations For wavelengths between 280 nm and 290 nm, the irradiance values are negligible and can effectively be considered as 0 for practical applications.
The spectral distribution of the relative spectral effectiveness function for UV radiation S(λ) is taken from ACGIH, 1993-1994, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological
The complete weighting function for calculating various UV transmittance values is derived from the product of the relative spectral effectiveness function for UV radiation, denoted as S(λ), and the spectral distribution of solar radiation.
This weighting function is also given in Table C.1
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Table C.1 — Spectral functions for the calculation of solar UV-transmittance values
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Spectral function for the calculation of infrared transmittance
Table D.1 — Spectral distribution of solar irradiance in the infrared spectrum for the calculation of the solar infrared transmittance
Wavelength Solar spectral irradiance Wavelength Solar spectral irradiance Wavelength Solar spectral irradiance λλλλ E sλλλλ λλλλ E sλλλλ λλλλ E sλλλλ nm 10 6 W m -3 nm 10 6 W m -3 nm 10 6 W m -3
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Wavelength Solar spectral irradiance λλλλ E sλλλλ λλλλ E sλλλλ λλλλ E sλλλλ nm 10 6 W m -3 nm 10 6 W m -3 nm 10 6 W m -3
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Cut-on filter for UV filtering
The lamp used in the radiation resistance test must have its emitted radiation filtered by a cut-on filter, which has a transmittance curve within the specified wavelength range outlined in Table E.1 The absorption edge of this filter is nominally set at 320 nm with a transmittance of 46% A recommended filter for this application is a 4 mm thick clear white crown glass B 270.
Table E.1 — Spectral characteristics for filtering the UV radiation for the test of resistance to radiation
Wavelength Spectral transmittance Wavelength Spectral transmittance Wavelength Spectral transmittance λ τ λ τ λ τ nm % nm % nm %
Schott B270 is a commercially available product that serves as a suitable example This information is provided for the convenience of users of this standard and does not imply any endorsement by CEN.
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Wavelength Spectral transmittance Wavelength Spectral transmittance Wavelength Spectral transmittance λ τ λ τ λ τ nm % nm % nm %
NOTE Transmittance values between specified wavelength positions may be calculated by linear interpolation
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Impact resistance level Use recommendations
Minimum Recommended for road use Enhanced Recommended for sport and leisure use
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Uncertainty of measurement and results interpretation
For each of the required measurements performed in accordance with this standard, a corresponding estimate of the uncertainty of measurement shall be evaluated
When reporting test results, it is essential to include an estimate of uncertainty to help users evaluate the reliability of the data.
The following protocol with regard to uncertainty of measurement shall be applied to test results:
If the limit value specified in the standard is outside the range of values derived from the test data, adjusted for the measurement uncertainty U, the outcome will be classified as a clear pass or fail.
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If the limit value specified in the standard for a particular test is within the calculated range of test data, adjusted for the measurement uncertainty \( U \), the pass or fail assessment will prioritize safety, ensuring the most secure conditions for the PPE user.
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Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition
The updated scope now encompasses all goggles utilized by motorcycle and moped riders, applicable for both on-road and off-road activities, including sports and leisure This revision addresses the previous standard, which did not account for off-road usage.
4.3 Materials The clause has been extended to take into account the indication of the
4.5 Ventilation A clarification to better evaluate eventual opening has been added
4.6.1 Field of vision The specification of previous standard regarding “4.5 Dimensions” has been reformulated with the new subclause 4.5.1 to harmonize the specification with the same of EN 174
Table 1 A specification regarding the difference between the spherical powers of the left and right visual points has been added
The limit of the transmittance of the oculars for night driving has been changed from 80 % to 75 %
The specifications “Recognition of signal light” and “Spectral transmittance” have been cut from Table 1 A specific subclause for “Road driving” has been created
4.7.3 Resistance to surface damage by fine particles The maximum value of the reduced luminance coefficient has been changed from 12 cd/m²/lx to 10 cd/m²/lx
4.8 Resistance to fogging The time without misting of oculars has been increased from 15 s to 30 s
5 Testing All the clauses have been renumbered taking into consideration the new clauses that have been added
This section emphasizes the required number of samples to be tested by Notified Bodies, along with the distribution of testing responsibilities, as outlined in Table 3.
5.2 Conditioning and test conditions Specifications on conditioning and test conditions are introduced
5.3 Field of vision (Testing) The test has been harmonized with the same of EN 174 and the number of the clause has been changed from 5.1 to 5.3
5.5 Transmittance (Testing) The test has been harmonized with the same of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007 and the number of the clause has been changed from 5.3 to 5.5
5.5 Resistance to ultraviolet radiation (Testing)
The test has been harmonized with the same of EN 1836:2005+A1:2007 and the number of the clause has been changed from 5.5 to 5.7
An upgraded standard has been introduced to more effectively address the requirements for goggles used in sports and leisure activities The testing protocol has been revised, increasing the sample size from three to four Additionally, the interval between conditioning and testing has been reduced from 50-60 seconds to a maximum of 30 seconds The specifications regarding the number of impacts for each sample have been clarified, and the clause number has been updated from 5.6 to 5.8.
(Testing) This new subclause has been added to better define the test method
5.12 Sit and fit (Testing) This new subclause has been added to better define the test method
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6 Information supplied by the manufacturer Changes have been made to take into account of the modifications introduced in the revision