Bsi bs en 02489 1995 (1999)

BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2489 1995 Fibre reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids The European Standard EN 2489 1995 has the status of a British Standard UDC 678[.]

BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN

2489:1995

Fibre reinforced

plastics —

Determination of the

action of test fluids

The European Standard EN 2489:1995 has the status of a

British Standard

UDC 678.067:621.193.19:629.7

ICS 49.040.10

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Engineering

Sector Board, was published

under the authority of the

Standards Board and

comes into effect on

15 December 1995

© BSI 12-1999

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this

standard:

Committee reference ACE/64

Draft for comment 88/78341 DC

ISBN 0 580 23108 9

Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation

Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited

Amendments issued since publication

Amd No Date Comments

BS EN 2489:1995

Contents

Page

National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover

ii © BSI 12-1999

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ACE/64 and is

the English language version of EN 2489:1995 Aerospace series — Fibre

reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids, published by the

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

EN 2489 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Cross-reference Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard

EN 2744:1992 BS EN 2744 Non-metallic materials Preferred test

temperatures

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover

This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 2489

September 1995

ICS 49.040.10

Descriptors: Aircraft industry, plastics, reinforced plastics, glass reinforced plastics, chemical tests, chemical resistance, chemical

compounds, liquids

English version

Aerospace series — Fibre reinforced plastics —

Determination of the action of test fluids

Série aérospatiale — Plastiques renforcés de

fibres — Détermination de l’action des fluides

d’essais

Luft- und Raumfahrt — Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe — Bestimmung des Einflusses von Prüfflüssigkeiten

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-09-19 CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which

stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a

national standard without any alteration

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any

CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,

German) A version in any other language made by translation under the

responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the

Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and

United Kingdom

CEN

European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref No 2489:1995 E

© BSI 12-1999 2

Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by the

European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers

(AECMA)

After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance

with the rules of this Association, this Standard has

successively received the approval of the National

Associations and the Official Services of the member

countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to

CEN

According to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules,

the following countries are bound to implement this

European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,

Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and

United Kingdom

Contents

Page

EN 2489:1995

1 Scope

This standard specifies the method of immersion of fibre reinforced plastics in test fluids

It does not give any directives to meet health and safety requirements It is the responsibility of the user

of this standard to adopt appropriate health and safety precautions

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply

to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies

EN 2379, Aerospace series — Test fluids for non-metallic materials1)

EN 2743, Aerospace series — Reinforced plastics — Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing1)

EN 2744, Aerospace series — Non-metallic materials — Preferred test temperatures

3 Principle

Determine:

— changes in appearance after immersion, or after immersion and drying;

— changes in mechanical and physical characteristics immediately after immersion, or after immersion and drying

Specimens in fibre reinforced plastics are subjected to a total immersion in the specified fluid for a specified period and temperature

The characteristics are determined before and after immersion and possibly after elimination of the fluid

by drying

4 Test fluids

4.1 As detailed in the material standard unless otherwise specified

NOTE 1 EN 2379 shall be used as a basis.

4.2 In case of a fluid of unknown or variable composition, it is important that all samples of fluids are taken from the same container

NOTE 2 This recommendation is valid only within the same series or programme of tests.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Glass beakers of a size suited to the dimensions of the specimens

5.2 Temperature controlled vessel capable of maintaining the beakers at the immersion temperature accurate to ± 2 °C

5.3 Vapour condensation system, if required

5.4 Thermometer of appropriate scale and accuracy

5.5 Ventilated drying oven which can be maintained at the specified temperature accurate to ± 2 °C

5.6 Sealable container (e.g desiccator)

5.7 Balance accurate to within 0,1 mg

5.8 Magnifying glass with magnification of 10 times

6 Specimens

A comparison between different fibre reinforced plastics using this method is only possible if the test specimens have the same shape, dimensions and condition (surface finish, etc.)

6.1 Cut at least five specimens from the laminate for each temperature and period of immersion and record their original position within the laminate

1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard

4 © BSI 12-1999

If the tests alter the test specimens (in particular, destructive testing), an additional series of test specimens is required in order to act as a reference

6.2 For the shape, dimensions and fabrication method of the specimens see the test standard concerned

If several test specimen sizes are specified, by preference the thickness closest to 3 mm for glass fibre2) reinforced laminates and to 2 mm for carbon fibre2) reinforced laminates shall be selected

7 Procedure

7.1 Immersion temperatures

If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following temperatures:

— (23 ± 2) °C;

— (70 ± 2) °C;

— (100 ± 2) °C

If another temperature is needed, select it from EN 2744 with a tolerance of ± 2 °C

Check that the temperature chosen is not too close to the glass transition temperature of the laminate

7.2 Duration of the immersion

If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following periods of immersion:

— 24 h for a short test;

— 4 weeks for a normal test;

— 26 weeks for a long test

The immersion time can, if required, be selected from Table 1

Table 1

7.3 Immersion (for each specimen)

— Unless otherwise specified, immersion shall be carried out in the dark

— Use at least 4 ml of fluid per square centimeter of the total specimen surface area

— Immerse the specimen completely When the specimens are composed of the same material, several may be placed in the same beaker, provided they do not touch each other

— Ensure that contact between specimens and beaker walls and specimen supports is point contact so

as to ensure that as much as possible of the specimen is wetted

— Cover the beakers and place them in the temperature controlled vessel

— Stir the fluid at least once per day and readjust its level, if necessary

— Replace the fluid periodically in order to ensure that its composition is maintained

NOTE It may be necessary to check the fluid after immersion This check may be a simple visual examination or an analysis.

7.4 Removal of the fluid

Unless otherwise specified, it shall be removed by one of the following methods:

— wiping;

— rinsing then wiping;

— drying (if applicable)

7.4.1 Rinsing and wiping

At the end of the period of immersion, the temperature of the specimens may be brought to ambient temperature or to the test temperature by transferring them rapidly into a new quantity of fluid at the specified test temperature An immersion period of 15 min to 30 min shall be allowed before testing

2) For other fibres, complementary information will be introduced, if necessary, later.

AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AJ BA BB BD BE BF BG CA CB CC CD CE

Designation codes

EN 2489:1995

Remove the specimens from the fluid If necessary, rinse them with a product which does not affect the material and which is compatible with the fluid then wipe them with filter paper or lint-free cloth

7.4.2 Drying

After immersion in a volatile fluid, dry in an oven at (70 ± 2) °C until constant mass is obtained, cool in a sealed container

7.5 Determination of the characteristics after immersion

7.5.1 Ambient temperature test (23 ± 2) °C

Carry out the test within the 15 min which follow the removal from the sealed container

7.5.2 Test at other than ambient temperature

Place each specimen in the test fixture which is held at the specified temperature

Maintain the specimen at the specified test temperature for a period which is:

— either specified in the material standard;

— or determined during preliminary tests For these tests, use an identical specimen which has been subjected to the same conditions of immersion and exposure to the same temperature on the same fixture Check that the exposure time is sufficient so that all points on the specimen achieve the specified temperature without an unacceptable loss of the absorbed fluid

8 Expression of results

8.1 Visual aspect

Examine each specimen after immersion, with the magnifying glass if necessary, while comparing it with

a specimen that has not been immersed Note the observed changes according to the following

characteristics:

— colour (type and uniformity);

— opacity for translucent laminates;

— gloss of the surface;

Record also if the following defects are present:

— splits and cracks;

— blisters, pitting or other similar defects;

— degraded materials removed easily by rubbing;

— tackiness;

— delamination, warping or other distortion

Scale of severity: none, low, medium, high

8.2 Physical and mechanical properties

The action of fluids on the physical and mechanical properties of the material shall be expressed in one of the three following ways:

— percentage change;

— residual percentage;

— change

8.2.1 Percentage change (%)

8.2.1.1 After immersion

8.2.1.2 After immersion and drying

R2–R1

R1

- 100×

R3–R1

R1

- 100×

6 © BSI 12-1999

where:

— R1 is the mean of the results before immersion;

— R2 is the mean of the results after immersion;

— R3 is the mean of the results after immersion and drying

8.2.2 Residual percentage (%)

8.2.2.1 After immersion

8.2.2.2 After immersion and drying

8.2.3 Change

8.2.3.1 After immersion

R2 – R1

8.2.3.2 After immersion and drying

R3 – R1

9 Designation

EXAMPLE:

10 Test report

It shall contain the following:

— number of this standard,

— complete identification of the material or tested product (traceability);

— type of specimens used, method of their preparation, dimensions, surface finish, etc.,

— location of the test specimens within the laminate;

— identification of the fluid used, immersion temperature and time;

— frequency of the additions or renewals of the fluid;

— temperatures and duration of drying (if necessary);

— test report of the tests performed;

— exposure time at the test temperature (if required);

— changes in visual aspect;

— calculated changes (see 8.2);

— results of examination of the fluid, when carded out;

— any incident which may have affected the results

R2

R1

- 100×

R3

R1

- 100×

BS EN 2489:1995

© BSI 12-1999

National annex NA (informative)

Committees responsible

The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee (ACE/-) to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Plastics Federation

Ministry of Defence

Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited

National annex NB (informative)

Cross-references

The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are identical in

number and title with these given in clause 2 with the exception of EN 2379 and EN 2743 for which no

corresponding British Standards exist

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