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Trang 1corrigendum no 1
Unshaped refractory products —
Part 6: Measurement of physical properties
The European Standard EN 1402-6:2003 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 81.080
Trang 2This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
28 October 2003
© BSI 2007
ISBN 978 0 580 50909 4
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1402-6:2003 It supersedes DD ENV 1402-6:1998 and BS 1902-7.6:1987 which are withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractories
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
Amendments issued since publication
17175
Corrigendum No 1 29 June 2007 Change to supersession details
Trang 3EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2003
English version
Unshaped refractory products - Part 6: Measurement of physical
properties
Produits réfractaires non-façonnés - Partie 6:
Détermination des propriétés physiques
Ungeformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Teil 6: Bestimmung
der physikalischen Eigenschaften
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N
E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref No EN 1402-6:2003 E
Trang 4Contents
page
Foreword 4
1 Scope 5
2 Normative references 5
3 Determination of geometric bulk density 5
3.1 Principle 5
3.2 Test pieces 5
3.3 Apparatus 6
3.4 Procedure 6
3.4.1 Determination of the mass m of the test piece 6
3.4.2 Determination of the volume, V, of the test piece 6
3.4.3 Calculation of geometric bulk density,ρρg 6
3.5 Calculation and expression of test results 6
4 Determination of density and porosity 7
4.1 Principle 7
4.2 Test pieces 7
4.3 Procedure 7
4.3.1 Determination of bulk density 7
4.3.2 Determination of true density 7
4.4 Calculation 7
5 Determination of cold modulus of rupture 7
5.1 Principle 7
5.2 Test pieces 7
5.3 Apparatus and procedure 8
5.4 Test results 8
6 Determination of cold crushing strength 8
6.1 Principle 8
6.2 Test pieces 8
6.2.1 General 8
6.2.2 Prismatic test pieces 8
6.2.3 Cubic test pieces 9
6.2.4 Cylindrical test pieces (for basic dense castables and basic ramming materials only) 9
6.3 Apparatus 9
6.4 Procedure 9
6.4.1 Dense materials 9
6.4.2 Insulating materials 11
6.5 Calculation and expression of results 11
7 Determination of permanent linear change 11
7.1 Principle 11
7.2 Apparatus 11
7.3 Procedure 11
7.3.1 Linear change on drying 11
7.3.2 Linear change on firing 12
7.3.3 Total linear change 12
7.4 Calculation 12
7.4.1 Linear change on drying 12
7.4.2 Linear change on firing 12
7.4.3 Total linear change 12
8 Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures 12
8.1 Principle 12
Trang 58.2 Apparatus and procedure 13
8.3 Calculation and expression of results 13
9 Determination of refractoriness under load and creep in compression 13
9.1 Principle 13
9.2 Test pieces 13
9.3 Procedure 13
9.4 Calculation and expression of test results 13
10 Test report 13
Bibliography 15
Trang 6Foreword
This document (EN 1402-6:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 "Refractory products and materials", the secretariat of which is held by BSI
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2004
This document supersedes ENV 1402-6:1998
EN 1402 “Unshaped refractory products“ consists of eight parts:
Part 1: Introduction and classification
Part 2: Sampling for testing
Part 3: Characterization as received
Part 4: Determination of consistency of castables
Part 5: Preparation and treatment of test pieces
Part 6: Measurement of physical properties
Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes
Part 8: Determination of complementary properties
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
Trang 71 Scope
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of properties of unshaped materials from test pieces prepared and stored according to EN 1402-5
The methods are applicable to dense and insulating castables and to ramming materials (including plastics) as defined in EN 1402-1 before and after firing
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments)
EN 993-1, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity
EN 993-2, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 2: Determination of true density
EN 993-5, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength
EN 993-6, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature
EN 993-7, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures
EN 993-8, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load
EN 993-9, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 9: Determination of creep in compression
EN 1094-5, Insulating refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength
EN 1402-5, Unshaped refractory products - Part 5: Preparation and treatment of test pieces
3 Determination of geometric bulk density
3.1 Principle
This determination is carried out according to a geometric method It can be applied to green, dried or fired test pieces The condition of the test pieces shall be stated in the test report
3.2 Test pieces
The test piece shape shall be one of the following:
shape A: Length: 230 mm; width: 114 mm; thickness: 64 mm, or
shape B: Length: 230 mm; width: 64 mm; thickness: 54 mm, or
shape C: Length: 230 mm; width: 64 mm; thickness: 64 mm
Trang 8The test pieces shall be prepared and stored according to the relevant sections of EN 1402-5
NOTE For basic castables and ramming materials, as an alternative to these shapes, cylindrical test pieces, of diameter
50 mm ± 1 mm and height 50 mm ± 1 mm can be used
Three test pieces produced at the same time shall be tested
3.3 Apparatus
3.3.1 Balance, capable of measuring mass to the accuracy specified in 3.4.1.
3.3.2 Callipers, capable of measuring to the accuracy specified in 3.4.2.
3.4 Procedure
3.4.1 Determination of the mass m of the test piece
For the test pieces of shape A, B and C, determine the mass to the nearest 1 g
For 50 mm cylinders, measure the mass to an accuracy of ± 0,1 g
3.4.2 Determination of the volume, V, of the test piece
Determine the volume of the test piece by carrying out four measurements of each dimension along the centre line
of each face:
for rectangular test pieces, on length, width and thickness;
for cylindrical test pieces, on height and diameter
All measurements shall be made to an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm
3.4.3 Calculation of geometric bulk density,ρρg
The geometric bulk density is given by:
g = m
V
where
m is the mass of the test piece in grams;
V is the volume of the test piece obtained by calculation using the mean dimensions given in cubic centimetres
3.5 Calculation and expression of test results
Calculate the geometric bulk density either in g/cm³ to the nearest 0,01 g/cm³, or in kg/m³ to three significant figures
Report the test result as the mean of all determinations, including the mean value and all individual results in the test report
Trang 94 Determination of density and porosity
4.1 Principle
This determination is applied to fired test pieces
4.2 Test pieces
The test pieces shall be shapes A, B or C, prepared, stored and fired according to the relevant sections of
EN 1402-5 (see 3.2)
NOTE For basic castables and ramming materials, cylindrical test pieces can be used as an alternative to shapes A, B or C (see 3.2)
4.3 Procedure
4.3.1 Determination of bulk density
4.3.1.1 Dense materials
Determine the bulk density, the apparent porosity and calculate the total porosity in accordance with EN 993-1
NOTE In the presence of glazing, the firing skin should be removed
4.3.1.2 Insulating materials
Determine the bulk density in accordance with clause 4 since it is not possible to use the water absorption method with these materials
4.3.2 Determination of true density
Determine the true density in accordance with EN 993-2, using a liquid which will not react with the material
4.4 Calculation
The individual values and the mean value of the properties shall be given as test results
Calculate the bulk density and the true density in g/cm³ to the nearest 0,01 g/cm³, or in kg/m³ to three significant figures
Calculate and report the open and total porosity in %, rounded to the nearest 0,1 %
5 Determination of cold modulus of rupture
5.1 Principle
This determination is applied to dried or fired test pieces (shapes A, B or C)
5.2 Test pieces
Use test pieces as specified in 3.2 and with the following tolerances:
width and height ± 0,5 mm;
parallelism of cross-section sides ± 0,2 mm;
Trang 10 parallelism of top and bottom sides ± 0,3 mm;
distance between supports 180 mm ±1 mm;
radius of curvature at the load bearing edges;
bearing edges 15 mm ± 0,5 mm
Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C to constant mass and cool to room temperature, taking care to avoid moisture pick-up For unfired test pieces, the test shall be carried out immediately after drying and cooling, and for fired pieces, within three days
5.3 Apparatus and procedure
Use the apparatus and procedure as specified in EN 993-6 with the following rates of increase of stress:
dense products 0,15 MPa/s ± 0,015 MPa/s
insulating products 0,05 MPa/s ± 0,005 MPa/s
Apply the stress perpendicular to the direction of fabrication
5.4 Test results
Calculate the cold modulus of rupture in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,1 MPa
6 Determination of cold crushing strength
6.1 Principle
This determination is applied to dried or fired test pieces
6.2 Test pieces
6.2.1 General
The preparation, size and dimensions of the test pieces shall be agreed between parties and noted in the test report
NOTE The determination of cold crushing strength can be carried out on test pieces of three different sizes The results obtained from these test pieces can differ
Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C to constant mass and cool to room temperature, taking care to avoid moisture pick-up For unfired test pieces, the test shall be carried out immediately after drying and cooling, and for fired pieces, within three days
Apply the stress perpendicular to the direction of fabrication
6.2.2 Prismatic test pieces
Use broken halves produced from the cold modulus of rupture test (see clause 6), without sawing or grinding the test pieces
NOTE The use of this size is more suitable for quality control applications
Trang 116.2.3 Cubic test pieces
Prepare three test pieces from shape C by sawing cubes of 64 mm ± 0,5 mm in edge length
For testing after drying the test pieces shall be sawn and trued after curing and before drying at 110 °C
NOTE 1 If sawing could damage the test piece, then sawing should be performed after drying at 110 °C The test piece should then be dried again immediately after sawing
For testing after firing, the test pieces shall be sawn and trued after firing
NOTE 2 Cubes should not be sawn from broken halves obtained from the cold modulus of rupture test
6.2.4 Cylindrical test pieces (for basic dense castables and basic ramming materials only)
Prepare three test pieces of height 50 mm ± 0,5 mm and 50 mm ± 0,5 mm in diameter, from shapes A, B or C, by
sawing, coring and truing or directly produced by ramming.
6.3 Apparatus
Use the apparatus specified in EN 993-5 for dense unshaped materials and specified in EN 1094-5 for insulating unshaped materials
6.4 Procedure
6.4.1 Dense materials
For tests utilizing broken halves (see 6.2.2), place the test pieces in the ancillary adapter (see Figure 1) so that the
64 mm edge (shapes A and C) or the 54 mm edge (shape B) is vertical
Place the 114 mm edge (shape A), or the 64 mm edges (shapes B and C) central to, and flush with the 120 mm edge of the lower plate The free edges of the press plate shall be symmetrical (see Figure 1)
For tests with cubic or cylindrical test pieces take care that the loading surface is prepared according to the procedure described in 6.2.3 or 6.2.4
For both cases apply the stress smoothly and continuously at a rate of 1,0 MPa/s ± 0,1 MPa/s until the test piece fails
Record the maximum load indicated