www bzfxw com BS EN 1634 2 2008 ICS 13 220 50; 91 060 50 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door, shutt[.]
Ambient conditions within laboratory
The ambient conditions within the laboratory shall be as specified in EN 1363-1
Heating conditions
The specimen shall be exposed to the furnace conditions specified in EN 1363-1.
Pressure conditions
General
The furnace must reach the specified pressure conditions within 5 minutes of the test initiation Throughout the test, the mean pressure should be sustained within ± 2 Pa of the target pressure, with no need to create a pressure gradient within the furnace.
The mean pressure for the tested item must correspond to the pressure it would encounter in a full-size assembly tested according to EN 1634-1 This pressure is influenced by the item's vertical position in relation to the neutral pressure axis, with additional specifications provided in sections 4.3.2 to 4.3.5 The mean pressure at the center of the item is defined as follows:
P = 8,5a - 4,25 Pa rounded to the nearest Pascal where a = the height of the centre of the item above notional floor level in metres; see Figure 3
When the height is unknown, such as with letter plates, the pressure should reflect the maximum pressure differential that could occur Certain standards, like EN 13724 for letter plates, may specify positional limits for products.
Pressure conditions for testing single axis hinges on side hung doors or
Hinges designed for use with side-hung cellulosic door leaf edges or openable window casements must be tested under both positive and negative furnace pressure conditions, as specified in Annex B.1.
For the positive pressure test the mean pressure at the centre of the upper hinge shall be
For door leaves exceeding 2 meters in height, the pressure must be increased linearly, reaching a maximum of 20 Pa when the height is 3 meters The standard pressure for door leaves up to 2 meters is set at 4 Pa ± 2 Pa In the negative pressure test, the average pressure at the center of the lower hinge should be –2 Pa ± 1 Pa.
An easily operated bolt & keep (see Figure 2) is to be fitted to prevent the furnace pressures from moving the simulated door leaf
For hinges designed for metal doors and openable metal windows, testing under positive pressure at a position that simulates the top hinge is sufficient to ensure performance across all pressure levels and hinge positions.
Pressure conditions for testing securing devices
The furnace pressure must be set and sustained as per section 4.3.1 The average overpressure at the device's center should be 4 Pa, except when 'a' exceeds 1 m, in which case the overpressure should be 10 Pa for a latch or deadlock, and 18 Pa for an edge bolt Refer to Figure 3 for details.
Pressure conditions for testing non-edge mounted items of building hardware
The furnace pressure shall be established and maintained in accordance with 4.3.1
When testing multiple items at once, the leaf construction size may need to be increased to ensure the necessary furnace overpressure for each item, denoted as P 1 and P 2 The pressure levels P 1 and P 2 should be determined by evaluating the potential locations of the building hardware throughout the height of a full-sized door assembly These pressure levels can be calculated using specific formulae.
P 2 = ((8,5 a2) – 4,25) Pa where: a1 anda2 are the heights of the centres of the particular items above the notional floor level
When the furnace cannot achieve the necessary pressure gradient while adhering to the minimum edge distance limits set by the manufacturer, as shown in Figure 4, these distances may be reduced However, this adjustment must ensure that the pressure conditions remain above the minimum requirements specified in section 4.3.1 for the evaluated items Each item must be tested against the minimum required pressure differential; if this is not feasible, separate tests should be conducted at two different furnace pressures, P 1 and P 2.
Pressure conditions for testing surface mounted overhead closing devices
The furnace pressure must be set and sustained as per section 4.3.1, with a target mean overpressure of 12 Pa ± 2 Pa at the center of the closing device However, if the height of item 'a' exceeds 2 m, the required overpressure increases to 18 Pa ± 2 Pa, as illustrated in Figure 5.
Pressure conditions for the ignitibility test
The pressure conditions for the ignitibility test (Figure 6) shall be 18 Pa ± 2 Pa at the top of the assembly
General
The test construction shall consist of either a fixed panel, or moving parts hung either on the test specimen or independently as given below.
Test construction for evaluating single axis hinges
The test construction, illustrated in Figure 2, features a fixed outer support structure with an associated frame that secures the hinges under evaluation, allowing a section of leaf or window to hang freely This design ensures that the panel can swing without obstruction on the hinges To facilitate the detection of any loss of fixity in the hinge fixings, the gaps between the hinged and fixed supporting constructions must be minimized, while still allowing sufficient in-plane movement of the panel Additionally, the frame member should extend to the full height of the moving panel for convenience.
Test construction for evaluating securing devices
The test construction for securing single leaf doors is shown in Figure 3, and for double leaf doors in Figure 1b
The article discusses a fixed outer supporting structure that includes either a frame section or a leaf section, specifically for securing devices intended for double leaf doors.
The article describes a distinct, externally pivoted moving panel that includes a section of the door leaf, designed to mimic the movement at the opening edge of a 725 mm wide leaf.
When assessing latches or deadbolts for double leaf door assemblies or edge-mounted latch bolts, it is essential that the fixed outer supporting structure includes a corresponding leaf construction For alternative applications, an associated frame section must be integrated into the outer supporting structure (Refer to Figure 1d for the general arrangement.)
Test construction for evaluating non-edge mounted items of building hardware
To assess non-edge mounted building hardware, the test setup can include a leaf or window construction placed directly in the furnace opening If this method is unsuitable, the related construction can be installed within a fixed supporting structure.
Test construction for evaluating ignition risk for items attached to the unexposed
unexposed face of uninsulating steel or glazed doors
The basic test construction, illustrated in Figure 6, features a fixed outer support structure that includes an uninsulated door or window section The door leaf is positioned at an angle of 10° ± 2°, -1° from the vertical to replicate the maximum potential bowing It must be securely attached to the supporting structure to withstand the forces exerted by the door panel, utilizing angles along the two vertical edges tailored to the specific furnace requirements.
The surface mounted overhead controlled door closing device must be installed on the unexposed face near the top of the door panel, following the manufacturer's mounting instructions.
Test construction for evaluating surface mounted overhead controlled door
The test construction features a fixed outer support structure that includes a door frame section made of materials representative of the fire resistance period for which the overhead controlled door closing device is being approved Inside this frame, a moving panel is installed, primarily composed of reusable materials, with a section of the appropriate associated construction at the top to which the closing device is connected This moving panel is mounted on external pivots, mimicking the movement and closing force of a full-sized door assembly.
The evaluated item, such as a surface mounted, overhead controlled door closing device, is securely attached to the door's exposed face, while the arm connects to the frame's exposed face The supporting construction must replicate the movement and closing moments typical in practice, allowing the door closing device to be adjusted to a maximum power size of 3, as specified by EN 1154, to accommodate higher power sizes Furthermore, the closing time must be adjusted according to EN 1154 guidelines, ensuring sufficient stability between the supporting structure and the associated moving element.
A mechanism must be implemented to apply an opening force to the moving element at intervals not exceeding 1 minute, allowing the leaf to open to an angle of 2.5º ± 0.5º and then self-close using the device's built-in closing mechanism Additionally, instrumentation should be included to measure the force of the closing action for each displacement (refer to Clause 11.6.4).
To ensure safety, it is essential to prevent flames and hot gases from escaping around the perimeter of the moving element Any seals used for this purpose must be designed to allow free movement of the leaf during testing.
NOTE Either using a mono-ammonium phosphate seal or high temperature fabric gasket loosely fitted could be a way of sealing the gap
Associated construction
The building hardware to be tested must be installed in a section of the associated construction that simulates the door leaf it will be fitted into The selection of this associated construction is crucial as it will affect the scope of direct application.
The door leaf or window construction must be securely attached to the moving supporting structure, allowing it to withstand forces applied perpendicular to its surface, as outlined in section 7.2.2.
Conditioning
Building hardware does not need conditioning; however, any construction involving hygroscopic materials or materials that reach their full properties only after conditioning must be treated according to the standards set by EN 1363-1.
Fixings
Building hardware must be installed on the corresponding door leaf, window, or frame according to the manufacturer's guidelines, unless stated otherwise If the hardware comes with fixings, it should be tested using those fixings Additionally, the choice of fixings should consider the specific application context.
Test specimen for evaluating single axis hinges
Design of test specimen
The test specimen must include two hinges of the evaluated design, securely attached to an opening element and frame construction to allow for free panel movement Any seals utilized in practice for edge sealing or hinge protection should be included in the specimen If the specific seal type is unknown, a suitable alternative must be selected to ensure the necessary field of direct application.
The perimeter frame substrate serves as an inert component of the test construction, designed solely to support the specimen's representative elements and maintain furnace conditions It is crucial for the substrate to be made from non-combustible materials that retain their strength under high temperatures and do not affect the specimen's behavior Ideal materials include aerated concrete blocks, calcium silicate boards, and mineral fiber boards, which can be cast or molded into the necessary shapes for repeated use, ensuring their strength remains intact.
The size and design of the hinged supporting construction shall be chosen to meet the following loading requirements:
To ensure realistic loading on the hinges, the swinging panel must be appropriately weighted The vertical load on both the upper and lower hinges should align with the hinge grade specified in Table 1 of EN 1935:2002, and this load will depend on the maximum size and mass of the door or window for which the product is designed.
The force applied to the leaf or window construction must equal the combined mass of the leaf/window and the moving supporting structure, simulating the maximum practical mass of the door or window.
When the mass of the moving supporting structure falls short of the necessary requirements, extra weights must be evenly distributed around the center of gravity of the structure.
F = anticipated maximum door leaf/window mass
F 1 = mass of associated door leaf/window construction
F 2 = mass of moving supporting construction including any added weights
The moving supporting construction typically does not expand within the plane of the door leaf or window, which means that the forces acting on these structures will always be equal to or exceed the anticipated levels in practical scenarios.
Number of specimens
For timber or cellulosic doorsets and framed glazed doors or windows with timber frames, two tests are required for hinges In contrast, only one test is necessary for hinges used with steel doorsets and steel framed glazed doors or windows.
Gap sizes
When testing hinges for use on non-metallic doors, the requirements for door gap sizes differ according to whether the positive or negative pressure test is being carried out
The positive pressure test requires a minimum stop clearance gap of 2 mm, or as necessary for any installed seals, along with a minimum leaf to frame gap of 3 mm Additionally, there must be a minimum gap of 5 mm between the bottom of the test specimen and the supporting construction.
The negative pressure test requires that the specimen maintain a minimum stop clearance gap of 0.5 mm and a minimum leaf to frame gap of 2 mm Additionally, there must be a minimum gap of 5 mm between the bottom of the test specimen and the supporting construction.
When testing hinges for use on metal doors the gap sizes are not critical and accepted industry dimensions should be used or within the required limits given in EN 1634-1
All gaps shall be recorded
Installation
The test construction shall be installed in the furnace so that the hinge knuckles are on the heated face.
Test specimen for evaluating securing devices
Design of test specimen
The external pivot system must be designed to enable the door leaf or window construction to close against the frame at a practical angle, as illustrated in Figure 7.
For latches or deadlocks intended for single leaf doors or window assemblies, the test specimen must include a section of the leaf or window along with the frame, as illustrated in Figure 3.
For latches or deadlocks for use on double leaf door assemblies the test specimen shall consist of two sections of door leaf as shown in Figure 1b
To evaluate an edge fixing bolt, the test specimen must include two door sections and a corresponding frame section, as illustrated in Figure 1b The bolt should be securely attached to the edge of the moving leaf.
The leaf section must extend a minimum of 50 mm above the highest point of the securing device or forend plate and at least 50 mm below the lowest point Additionally, the width of the leaf section should provide at least 100 mm of space between the edge of the leaf and any mortice needed for the securing devices.
The latch/lock shall be fitted with door furniture that is typical of the handle set and plates that are likely to be used in practice
Heat-activated seals utilized to preserve edge seals and protect items must be integrated into the test specimen and should match the type used in the full-sized assembly.
Number of test specimens
The majority of securing devices are set centrally in the leaf/window thickness and are generally symmetrical Therefore a single specimen shall be tested, unless indicated in 6.5.4
In cases where the securing device is asymmetric or installed asymmetrically, such as with a face-fixed door bolt, a single test should be conducted with the securing device facing the exposed side and the door stop positioned towards the unexposed side.
Gap sizes
The door stop to leaf surface gap shall be 1,5 mm ± 0,5 mm The leaf to frame gap shall be
Installation
The test construction must be set up with the door stop positioned on the side that reflects the most unfavorable scenario for the item under evaluation, typically placing the door stop on the unexposed face.
When testing a mortice lock, ensure that the specimen is in the closed position, unlocked, and with the latch engaged For deadlocks, they must be fully engaged in the keep or strike plate during testing.
When the lock utilizes an electrically operated bolt release, the release shall be tested from both sides
When testing a flush door bolt, the bolt in the leaf edge shall be engaged in the frame section at the head of the associated construction.
Test specimen for the evaluation of non-edge mounted items of building
Design of test specimen
Figure 4 illustrates the test setup for conducting positive or negative pressure tests, featuring a supporting structure that houses the building hardware being evaluated According to section 5.4, the test construction may consist solely of the associated construction, especially when testing multiple items simultaneously It is essential to consider the pressure requirements for each item, as outlined in section 4.3.4.
Number of test specimens
Building hardware items that can be installed in various locations and may create gaps around them must undergo testing at both maximum and minimum pressure levels This can be accomplished by either testing two items within one specimen, each subjected to the necessary pressure, or by conducting two separate tests—one at high pressure and another at low pressure—requiring two specimens in total If the item does not penetrate the leaf, a single test at positive pressure on one specimen is sufficient.
For asymmetrical building hardware items, testing typically requires only one specimen in its most critical exposure direction If the most onerous direction cannot be determined, testing must be conducted from both directions, necessitating two specimens, which can be tested simultaneously if size and pressure conditions allow Additionally, if the asymmetrical item penetrates the construction and can be placed in various locations on the leaf, four specimens may be needed for comprehensive testing.
Gap sizes
All gaps between the associated construction and supporting construction must be eliminated, and any gaps between the building hardware item and the associated construction should be clearly identified as part of the product's field of application.
Installation
The test construction must be installed with building hardware on the exposed face, or for through fixed items, oriented towards the established weakest performance If the weakest performance cannot be determined, installation should occur from both sides.
Test specimen for evaluation of ignition risk for surface mounted controlled
Design of test specimen
Figure 6 illustrates the test construction utilized in this method, which features a supporting structure that includes a section of un-insulated steel door This door typically consists of two steel skins, each no more than 1 mm thick, separated by a steel frame or designed in a 'pan and lid' configuration The building hardware will be fitted onto this leaf section, which is approximately designed for this purpose.
The panel measures 725 mm in width and 900 mm in height, and it must be installed at a 10-degree angle with the top edge closest to the furnace to allow any spillage to drip onto the door panel It should be positioned near the top of the panel on the unexposed side, as illustrated in the accompanying figure Additionally, the edge of the leaf must be sealed into the supporting structure using a linear gap seal that offers the same level of fire resistance as the leaf, particularly when placed next to a steel member.
Number of test specimens
Test one specimen when evaluating face fixed controlled overhead door closing devices.
Gap sizes
The associated construction is mounted in the supporting construction without gaps.
Installation
The item should be installed on the hidden side, close to the upper edge of the panel, following the practical attachment method with the provided fixings.
Test specimen for evaluating surface mounted overhead controlled door closing
Design
The test specimen will include a controlled door-closing device attached to a construction comprising a leaf section and a frame head (refer to Figure 5) In cases where the leaf or frame is constructed from combustible materials, it is essential to install a non-pressure forming intumescent seal between the edge of the leaf and the frame.
Testing the controlled door-closing device without the optional removable cover is suitable for all cover designs, as the presence of a fitted cover will affect the field of direct application (refer to section 14.4.3).
When installing a controlled door-closing device, it is essential to ensure that slide arms or brackets do not obstruct the gap between the door leaf and frame To mitigate this issue, non-pressure forming intumescent material can be used for protection, as it does not affect the measured forces.
Number of specimens
A single specimen is sufficient to assess the impact of a controlled door closing device on the fire performance of a door assembly However, to evaluate its effect on the integrity of the assembly, multiple specimens may be required to account for various associated construction types.
Gap sizes
The gap between the leaf and the frame at the head of the leaf has minimal impact on the closer's performance; however, it should be adjusted to a standard value commonly observed in practice.
3 mm ± 1 mm For a metal door that relies on expansion for restraint, the gap shall be of a size that has been demonstrated by test to be effective.
Installation
The test construction must be set up with the controlled door closing device positioned on the exposed face of the assembly, ensuring it is installed as it would be in actual practice using the provided fixings.
General
In order to enhance the correlation between large scale and small scale testing, many items of building hardware shall have an applied load to simulate the full scale conditions
A key challenge with reduced size tests is the absence of actual loads and restraints experienced by building hardware in full-size assemblies This issue is addressed in the European Standard, which requires that reduced size specimens undergo loads specifically designed to replicate full-size conditions for the assessment of hinges and securing devices.
Loading and restraint conditions for evaluating single axis hinges
Leaf mass
To ensure that the hinges can support a load similar to that of a full-size door leaf, the hinged section of the supporting structure must be adequately sized to replicate the mass conditions specified in clause 6.4.1 This can be accomplished by using a smaller panel that is weighted to generate the necessary forces.
Applied point load to simulate distortion forces
To simulate distortion forces, a force \( F_p \) should be applied perpendicular to the door leaf or window construction, positioned 50 mm above the top of the hinge and 75 mm in from the edge of the construction.
In the case of non-metallic door leaves and non-metallic framed windows F p shall be 60 N and for metallic door leaves it shall be 2000 N
NOTE 1 The values of 60 N and 2000 N have been derived from full size tests on timber and steel doorsets respectively, with force transducers introduced to replace the selected restraining elements of hardware
NOTE 2 As there has not been any proving test for metal framed windows the above value of 2000 N is not validated at this time
NOTE 3 The force that has to be resisted by the restraining element of hardware when used in a metal door assembly is the product of the differences in temperature between the hot and cold faces (in turn related to the insulating nature of the door), the section modulus of the leaf (I), the strength and thickness of the metal, the height of the leaf and the strength of the composite action between faces
At the beginning of the test, the specimen must be in a closed position with the appropriate point load applied, while the opening edge of the hinged support structure is secured to withstand the reaction force generated by the load.
Loading and restraint conditions for evaluating securing devices
Leaf mass
In a properly configured door assembly, the securing device should not bear any weight from the door leaf, eliminating the necessity to simulate the leaf's mass.
Applied point load to simulate distortion forces
To simulate distortion forces, a force \( F_p \) should be applied perpendicular to the door leaf or window construction, positioned 50 mm below the top of the securing device and 75 mm in from the edge of the construction.
In the case of non metallic doors F p shall be 60 N and for metallic doors shall be 2000 N
The values of 60 N for timber doorsets and 2000 N for steel doorsets were obtained from comprehensive tests, utilizing force transducers to replace the chosen restraining hardware elements.
At the beginning of the test, the specimen must be in a closed position with the appropriate point load applied, while the opening edge of the hinged support structure is secured to withstand the reaction force generated by the load.
Furnace
The furnace shall be of a design capable of exposing vertical specimens to the temperature and pressure conditions given in Clauses 4.2 and 4.3 respectively
NOTE Guidance on the suitability of reduced size furnaces is given in Annex D.
Measurement of ambient conditions
A shielded thermocouple or thermometer in accordance with EN 1363-1 shall be provided to monitor the ambient conditions in the laboratory.
Measurement of furnace conditions
The equipment to measure furnace pressure and furnace temperature shall be in line with the requirements given in EN 1363-1.
Loading equipment
Types of loading
For applying forces to the test specimen, either a dead weight, hydraulic, or pneumatic loading system should be used The selection of the method depends on practical convenience, taking into account the type of door or associated construction, as well as the required loading type and magnitude It is essential that the chosen loading method does not influence the natural thermal or mechanical behavior of the specimen.
Method of loading
To ensure low localized stresses, the loading contact point must have a sufficiently large area Additionally, the positioning of the loading point should allow for easy application of the cotton pad and roving thermocouple without significant restrictions.
The loading mechanism shall be capable of accommodating enough movement to enable the point of failure of the specimen to be determined.
Monitoring instrumentation
Measurement of unexposed surface temperature
To establish compliance with the maximum unexposed face temperature rise criteria specified in
According to EN 1363-1, it is essential to attach surface thermocouples to the test specimen as outlined in Clause 10.1.2, ensuring that measurements are not taken within 20 mm of any joint between the associated construction and any supporting structure.
Measurement of displacement
Displacement measurements must utilize the frame or supporting structure as the reference point, in accordance with Clauses 10.1.6 and 10.1.7 When this European Standard mandates the recording of specimen deformation or movement, it should be monitored using a device that has a sufficient range and an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm, with a precision indication of at least 0.5 mm.
The displacement measurement device must be securely installed to avoid interfering with the natural mechanical or thermal behavior of the building hardware being tested, ensuring it remains unaffected by temperature variations that could compromise accuracy It is essential to provide a means for indicating and recording the measured deformation remotely from the test specimen The device should display measurements continuously or update them at intervals not exceeding 1% of the expected test duration, with the chosen intervals designed to capture a comprehensive history of deflection throughout the testing period, as outlined in EN 1363-1.
Measurement of force
According to Clause 10.1.5 of this European Standard, the measurement of force must adhere to specific requirements When measuring the closing force produced by building hardware, it is essential to utilize an electrical load cell that offers an accuracy of 5% or better.
NOTE A spring balance is not suitable as this would require considerable movement to register a change in force
The load cell must be installed in a way that does not disrupt the natural mechanical or thermal behavior of the test specimen, ensuring it remains unaffected by temperature variations that could compromise accuracy Additionally, the measured force should be indicated and recorded away from the test specimen, with continuous display and updates at intervals not exceeding one minute.
9 Pre-test examination/characterization of the specimen
General
Before testing begins, the test specimen must be thoroughly measured, analyzed, and described If the manufacturer's description cannot be verified, it should be explicitly noted that the manufacturer's declaration has been utilized Each item within the Scope of this European Standard has critical aspects that are detailed in the subsequent clauses.
Characterization of the test specimen for evaluating a single axis hinge
Dimension of the components
Accurate measurement of hinge dimensions is essential, including the width, length, and thickness of the hinge leaf(ves) as well as the knuckle diameter Additionally, it is crucial to determine the dimensions of the related construction and the specifications of any fire seals, along with the measurements of any construction elements that have been altered to fit the hinge.
Location of the hinges
Accurate measurement and documentation of the hinge locations in relation to the door leaf or window and frame are essential, specifically noting the position of the hinge blade's end and the hinge axis concerning the surfaces of the leaf.
Materials
The manufacturer must specify the materials used in hinge construction, with a focus on the bearings A detailed description of the construction is essential for identifying the appropriate application field.
Fixing of hinge to the associated construction
The installation process for attaching the hinge to both the leaf and frame sections must be thoroughly documented, including specifications for screws, their placement, and quantity Additionally, any use of extra intumescent protection, such as intumescent plugs or mastic, should be comprehensively recorded as part of the fixing details.
Characterization of the test specimen for evaluating securing devices
Dimensions of the components
Accurate measurements of the securing device are essential, including the width and length of the forend and locking plate, as well as the length of the latchbolt or deadbolt Additionally, the dimensions of the surrounding construction must be precisely determined, along with any parts removed to fit the latch or lock It is also important to specify the bolt's position in relation to the door's face(s).
Location of the securing device
The exact location of the securing device with respect to the outer faces of the leaf and the frame shall be measured and recorded.
Materials
The manufacturer must specify the materials utilized in the construction of securing devices, with a focus on those used for latch bolts and other bolts, as well as forend plates, guides, and locking plates Proper selection and characterization of these materials are crucial for defining the direct application field.
Fixing of securing device
The installation method for securing devices to door leaves, windows, and frames must be thoroughly documented, including specifications for screws, their locations, and quantities Additionally, any supplementary intumescent protection, such as intumescent plugs or mastic, should be fully recorded as part of the installation details.
Characterisation of the test specimen for evaluating non-edge mounted items
The diverse range of non-edge mounted building hardware necessitates varying critical aspects for test specimens The materials utilized in construction play a crucial role in defining the applicable field, and these details must be thoroughly documented.
Characterisation of the test specimen for evaluating the ignition risk of surface
mounted overhead controlled door closing devices
This method requires a comprehensive description of the associated leaf construction, as it influences heat transfer to the unexposed surface and the controlled door closing device, potentially leading to fluid ignition Additionally, all gaskets between the controlled door closing device and the leaf face must be thoroughly characterized.
Characterisation of the test specimen for evaluating surface mounted overhead
Dimensions of the components
The dimensions of the controlled door closing device, including its arms and fixing plates, must be defined Additionally, the dimensions of the surrounding construction and any parts that need to be removed for the installation of the closer should also be established.
Materials
The materials for the main body of the controlled door closing device, including any removable covers, arms, brackets, fixings, and damping fluid, must be identified and documented Detailed identification of materials for associated construction is not necessary unless the controlled door closing device is being assessed for integrity criteria.
Fixing of the surface mounted overhead controlled door closing device
The test report must comprehensively detail the installation of the controlled door-closing device, including the attachment to the leaf and frame sections along with any brackets used It should also document the specifications, locations, and quantity of fixings Additionally, any supplementary protection measures, such as intumescent strips or mastics, must be thoroughly recorded.
Common procedures
General
The testing procedure and measurement observations must adhere to the specifications outlined in Clauses 10.1.2 to 10.4 For specific details regarding individual building hardware items, refer to the earlier clauses that pertain to those items.
Fixing of unexposed face thermocouples
Unexposed face thermocouples, as mandated by section 8.5.1, are essential for determining the impact of building hardware on the insulation performance of the related construction Their application must comply with the standards set forth in EN 1634-1.
NOTE Additional thermocouples may be fixed as follows, in order to assist with defining the field of application:
For non-edge mounted items:
For items with a face width exceeding 12 mm, thermocouples should be installed at the center of the item and 50 mm from the edge on the adjacent associated leaf construction This setup is essential for capturing a comprehensive temperature profile, allowing for an accurate assessment of how the item affects the unexposed face temperatures in a full-sized assembly.
Ambient air temperature
Measure the ambient air temperature using the ambient temperature thermocouple or thermometer for compliance with the conditions specified in EN 1363-1:1999, Clause 5.6
Application of loading
According to the European Standard, a test load must be applied to the specimen at least 5 minutes prior to the test to allow conditions to stabilize This load should remain constant within ± 5% throughout the testing period.
Force measurement
The European Standard mandates the measurement of force to verify the applied load or assess the response force This requires a load cell to be positioned and energized at least 15 minutes prior to measuring the datum value, ensuring all electrical devices are operational and at normal temperature Additionally, the load cell must be calibrated at this standard working temperature, and in cases of conflict, the manufacturer's instructions should take precedence.
Displacement measurement
When using an electrical displacement transducer, it must be positioned and activated at least 15 minutes prior to measuring the datum value All associated electrical devices should also be turned on at this time to ensure they reach normal operational temperature before the measurement Calibration of the displacement transducer should be performed if necessary, once all devices are at their standard working temperature In cases where the manufacturer's instructions conflict with these guidelines, the manufacturer's instructions take precedence.
Establishment of datum values
All datum values of temperature, force and deflection shall be taken and recorded no earlier than
15 minutes prior to the commencement of the test.
Commencement of heating and control of heating conditions
Commence heating Control the furnace temperature to conform to Clause 4.2 and the furnace pressure to conform to Clause 4.3.
Test protocols
Single axis hinges
Before heating begins, loads must be applied to the supporting structure at specified points to replicate the weight of a full-sized door or window, as well as the out-of-plane loads caused by thermal distortion These loads will be set at either 60 N or 2000 N, depending on whether the specimen is made of cellulosic or metal materials Continuous monitoring of the resistance to loading will be conducted using a displacement transducer throughout the heating period until failure occurs, at which point the test may be concluded Additionally, the exposed face of the test construction will be assessed for compliance with integrity and insulation standards during the entire heating duration.
Securing devices
At least 5 minutes prior to heating, a perpendicular force of 60 N for cellulosic specimens or 2000 N for metal specimens must be applied at the loading point to simulate out-of-plane thermal distortion Continuous monitoring of the resistance to loading will be conducted using a displacement transducer throughout the heating period until failure occurs, as defined in section 11.2, at which point the test may be concluded.
ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ of the test construction shall be monitored for compliance with the integrity and insulation criteria throughout the heating period.
Non edge mounted items
From the commencement of heating, the unexposed face of the test specimen shall be monitored for compliance with the integrity and insulation criteria throughout the heating period.
Face fixed controlled door closing devices
10.3.4.1 Face fixed controlled door closing devices being evaluated for ignition risk when fitted on the unexposed face of a door or window assembly
The test specimen must be installed according to section 6.7 During the heating period, it is essential to monitor the specimen for any ignition of the closing device or leakage of damping fluid on the unexposed surface of the leaf Ignition is defined as any sustained flaming that lasts for 10 seconds or more.
10.3.4.2 Establishment of the self-closing ability of a face fixed overhead closing device
Before heating begins, a load cell or spring-loaded transducer must be installed on the unexposed side of the test construction to continuously measure and record the force applied by the closing device To accurately gauge the force, the load cell should be positioned to maintain a distance of 5 ± 1mm between the supporting structure and the door stop The closing force is tracked and documented until it falls below the threshold specified in section 11.3, at which point the test can be concluded.
To ensure the closer remains operational and the closing force is maintained, a moment in the opening direction must be applied to the unexposed force of the moving element, equal to 110% ± 5% of the initial closing moment This moment should open the moving element by 2ẵ ± ẵ o from the closed position, allowing it to self-close The load must be applied at 3-minute intervals until the moving element either fails to open, fails to return to the closed position, or the measured pressure indicates failure as per the criteria in section 11.3.
Monitoring of criteria
Throughout the test the behaviour of the test specimen shall be monitored for compliance with the relevant performance criteria given in Clause 11.
Termination of test
The test will typically proceed until the specimen fails to meet one or more relevant performance criteria If the test is stopped before any failure occurs, the specimen's performance will be considered equivalent to the duration of the test, and it will be noted that no failure took place.
General
The specimen will be evaluated based on criteria for resistance to loading, maintenance of closing force, integrity, and insulation as outlined in Clauses 11.2 to 11.5 Specific criteria applicable to each type of building hardware being tested are detailed in Clauses 11.6.1 to 11.6.4.
Resistance to loading
Failure of the specimen under simulated distortion forces is defined as the point at which the load application moves in the direction of the load without resistance Specifically, failure occurs when the edge of the leaf or window panel moves at a rate exceeding 1 mm/min or when a maximum deflection of 6 mm, as measured by a displacement transducer, is reached, whichever happens first.
The performance criteria ‘insulation’ and ‘integrity’ cannot be satisfied after the ‘resistance to loading’ criteria ceases to be satisfied.
Maintenance of closing force
Exposure to furnace conditions can reduce the effectiveness of a controlled door closing device in keeping a door securely closed This issue becomes critical when the controlled door closing device is the only mechanism preventing the door from opening, with no additional securing devices in place.
Failure to hold the door closed is deemed to have occurred when the closing force drops to below
The time, recorded in minutes to the nearest elapsed minute, at which 75% of the initial value is reached, is crucial A failure is also identified when the moving element does not open or fails to return to the closed position after the opening force is applied In such instances, the failure time is marked by the moment the door fails to open or close due to the applied opening force.
The performance criteria ‘insulation’ and ‘integrity’ cannot be satisfied after the ‘maintenance of closing forces’ criteria ceases to be satisfied.
Integrity (E)
The integrity criteria shall be as given in EN 1363-1 and EN 1634-1.
Insulation (I)
The insulation criteria shall be as given in EN 1363-1 and in EN 1634-1.
Criteria relevant to each item under evaluation
Single axis hinges
Hinges shall be evaluated for their influence on the assembly with respect to:
Securing devices
Securing devices shall be evaluated for their influence on the assembly with respect to:
Non-edge mounted items of building hardware
For items penetrating the window or leaf, non-edge mounted items shall be evaluated for their influence on the assembly in respect of:
Surface mounted overhead controlled door closing devices
For face-fixed controlled door closing devices installed on the non-exposed side of doors or openable window assemblies, it is essential to assess ignition integrity, particularly regarding sustained flaming lasting more than 10 seconds due to the ignition of damping fluids or plastic components Additionally, overhead surface-mounted controlled door closing devices for unlatched doors must be evaluated for their maintenance of closing force Furthermore, closing devices with slide arms or brackets that interfere with the gap between the leaf edge and the frame should also be examined for their integrity.
A face-fixed device typically does not reduce insulation when attached to an exposed surface However, any device tested using this method must also undergo evaluation by method 'B' for non-edge mounted building hardware if it is intended for installation on uninsulated doors.
General
Test results must indicate the total elapsed minutes from the start of heating until failure, based on the criteria applicable to the evaluated building hardware (refer to sections 12.2 to 12.5) The performance criterion for 'insulation' cannot be met after this point.
‘integrity’ criteria ceases to be satisfied
The results of the test shall be contained in a test report as specified in Clause 13.
Single axis hinges and securing devices
The test report for building hardware subjected to a horizontal load must include a clear statement of the test results, formatted as specified below.
The performance criteria ‘insulation’ and ‘integrity’ cannot be satisfied after the ‘resistance to loading’ criteria ceases to be satisfied.
Non-edge mounted items of building hardware
The test report shall contain a statement of the test results in the form given below:
Evaluating the ignition risk from attaching surface mounted overhead controlled
door closing devices to the unexposed face of uninsulating steel or glazed doors
The test report shall contain a statement of the test results in the form given below:
The performance criteria ‘insulation’ and ‘integrity’ cannot be satisfied after the ‘ignition risk’ criteria ceases to be satisfied.
Surface mounted overhead controlled door closing devices for use on unlatched
The closing force will be monitored throughout the test, and the test report must include a statement of the results as specified below.
Maintenance of closing force x minutes;
The performance criteria ‘insulation’ and ‘integrity’ cannot be satisfied after the ‘maintenance of closing forces’ criteria ceases to be satisfied
The full test report, in addition to the requirements of EN 1363-1, must include specific details such as the producer or supplier's name, trade name, and manufacturer's code for the building hardware tested, along with a visual representation and comprehensive product description, particularly regarding any protective measures as outlined in Clauses 9.2 to 9.5 It should also provide a detailed description of the associated construction and any adjacent protective applications Furthermore, the report must state the duration in minutes for which the test specimen met the relevant criteria, concluding with a specified statement at the end of the document.
4) As manifested by sustained flaming lasting more than 10 s
The results are applicable solely to assemblies of similar mode and construction that have been tested at full size in accordance with EN 1634-1, demonstrating distortion characteristics relevant to direct application, if applicable Additionally, a statement regarding the field of direct application for the tested building hardware item is required.
General
Introduction
The test results indicate a specific area of direct application for the building hardware item, allowing its use in various situations without requiring additional fire performance assessments.
The choice of materials used in the manufacture of the associated construction is important in determining the field of direct application of the item of building hardware
When testing edge-mounted building hardware, the application is restricted to high-density timber frames with similar or lower charring rates Conversely, if the hardware is tested with a low-density softwood frame, it can be applied to all timber or cellulosic frames of equal or greater density.
The sponsor must select appropriate materials that effectively meet a broad spectrum of construction needs while ensuring compatibility with various fire resistance standards.
The direct application of building hardware is conservative and does not encompass all potential uses To explore extended applications, one must analyze the test results alongside the specific door or window assembly in question This analysis is crucial, especially when multiple design aspects change at the same time.
Further evaluations may be conducted based on the test report, which considers compensating factors related to material specifications and dimensional changes The direct application of these findings is restricted to building hardware used in door and window assemblies that have been tested and confirmed to meet the criteria outlined in EN 1634-1.
Basis of the field of direct application
The fire resistance of a construction assembly is influenced by various factors, including the known charring rate of timber, timber density, steel gauge, leaf thickness, and the presence of intumescent seals.
In the realm of direct application, certain factors will be subject to limitations When considering the use of building hardware in a specific door or window assembly, it is essential that the construction surrounding the hardware offers a fire resistance contribution that is at least equal to that of the tested associated construction.
The method for determining the field of direct application for each of the building hardware types covered by this European Standard is given in Clauses 14.2 to 14.5
Single action hinges
General
The factors which will influence the fire resistance of a moving element and which are related to the performance of hinges are given in Clauses 14.2.2 to 14.2.9
The tested hinge is designed for use with doorsets or openable windows that require fire resistance in accordance with EN 1634-1, with a maximum duration of x minutes (where x represents the time from the start of the test until failure based on integrity, insulation, or resistance to loading criteria).
assembly has been tested to EN 1634-1 with hinges of the same material;
dimensions of the hinge shall not be changed other than the height dimension of the hinge which may be increased by a maximum of 25 %;
mode of operation remains the same; and
method of fixing remains the same; provided that the specification of the proposed assembly is within all of the limits given in 14.2.2 to 14.2.9.
Frame
The frame's density and dimensions, including rebate depth, must meet or exceed the tested standards While testing is relevant for timber frames with a slower charring rate, it does not apply to frames made from timber with a faster charring rate, regardless of density.
NOTE It is generally assumed that a higher density timber chars more slowly than a lower density species but there are exceptions to this rule b) For metal frames
The frame must be constructed from the same metal and specifications, allowing for cross-sectional dimensions, including rebate depth, to vary by ± 25% However, a test conducted on a mild steel frame is applicable for using a hinge in a stainless steel frame, but this does not apply in reverse.
Any deviation in thickness beyond standard manufacturing tolerances for an unfilled frame requires an extended application field Additionally, testing on an unfilled frame is relevant for the hinge's use on a back-filled frame.
Door leaf
14.2.3.1 Timber/cellulosic constructions a) Leaf Height: If the pressure in the furnace was not greater than 12 Pa the hinge may only be used on leaves of height up to 2,1 m (hinge height 'a' of 2 m) If the pressure was 18 Pa there is no restriction on leaf height b) Leaf Thickness: A test with an associated construction with a thickness of 't' mm is suitable for use on leaves of similar construction with a thickness not less than 't' mm
ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ c) Mass: A test on a hinge with a simulated leaf or window of mass 'y' may only be used on opening elements with that mass or less d) Construction:
1) All-cellulosic construction: A test on a hinge where the fixings penetrate an all-cellulosic associated construction is applicable to the use of the hinge in conjunction with leaves or frames with a slower charring rate but not with a faster charring rate, or with protected sub- facings, or mineral core
2) Cellulosic door leaves with protective sub-facings 5) : A test on a hinge where the fixings penetrate an associated construction with a protected core is applicable to the use of the hinge on leaves with more protection, i.e thicker boards, or mineral board constructed leaves, but not on all-cellulosic leaves
3) All mineral construction: A test on a hinge where the fixings penetrate into an all mineral board associated construction is applicable to the use of the hinge on constructions with at least equal physical properties, but is not for assemblies consisting of all-cellulosic or protected cellulosic construction
14.2.3.2 Metal constructions a) Leaf Height: If the pressure in the furnace was not greater than 12 Pa the hinge may only be used on leaves of height up to 2,1 m (hinge height 'a' of 2 m) If the pressure was 18 Pa then there is no restriction on leaf height b) Leaf Thickness: A test with an associated leaf construction with a thickness of 't' mm is suitable for use on leaves of approximately the same construction with a thickness not less than ‘t' mm c) Mass: A test on a hinge with a simulated leaf mass of 'y' may only be used on leaves with a mass equal to or less than 'y' d) Construction: A test on a hinge directly attached to the leaf edge by welds, screws, etc., will apply to hinges attached to leaves made from metal of equal or greater thickness and formed in an identical manner but not on a leaf constructed from thinner metal unless the fixing is into material other than the metal.
Configuration of the assembly
A test is applicable to the use of hinges in both single leaf and double leaf configurations.
Door lipping/leaf edge construction
The charring rate of any edge lipping or timber leaf edge in contact with or penetrated by the hinge must be equal to or slower than that of the associated construction tested.
The method of constructing the leaf edge shall not differ from that used in the tested associated leaf construction
5) This only applies to doors as no openable windows are constructed in this way
Intumescent protection
When testing a hinge with an intumescent material extending continuously past its edge, the assembly it will be attached to must include at least the same volume of intumescent material with equal or superior critical properties, positioned no farther from the hinge blade's edge than the tested material.
When identical or improved critical properties are achieved with locally applied additional protection, a test using a low-pressure mono-ammonium phosphate seal can be applied to a pressure forming seal, such as sodium silicate or graphite; however, the reverse is not true.
Hinge blade clearance
For timber or cellulosic doors, the hinge blade's edge must be positioned at least as far from the door stop face of the leaf as specified in the testing standards for the assembly in which it will be utilized.
Fixings
Screw fixings used in hinge blades must match the metal type and length of those tested, ensuring they penetrate solid material fully and provide equivalent pull-out resistance Any alternative fixing methods must demonstrate the same strength at elevated temperatures as the tested options.
NOTE Pull-out and strength resistance may be determined by fixing manufacturer’s specification.
Gaps
The gaps for single swing door assemblies shall be between the following dimensions for the different door types:
The leaf to frame gap:
2) Metal - 0,5 to 5 mm; and the stop to leaf gap:
Securing devices
General
Various factors impact the fire performance of single leaf door or window assemblies when a securing device is installed, influencing the device's effectiveness in maintaining closure.
The tested securing device is designed for single leaf doorsets or openable windows that require fire resistance according to EN 1634-1, with a maximum duration of x minutes before failure occurs under integrity, insulation, or loading criteria This assessment is valid when the assembly is tested with similar securing devices in the same mode and operation, provided the proposed doorset specifications adhere to the specified limits.
Frames
The frame's density and dimensions, including rebate depth, must meet or exceed the tested standards While a test on a timber or cellulosic frame is valid for materials with an equal or slower charring rate, it does not apply to frames made from timber with a faster charring rate, regardless of density.
The evaluation of a securing device in a double leaf application is relevant for solid timber frames with equal or higher density and a charring rate that matches or is slower than that of the leaf framing If alternative leaf constructions are utilized, an extended application field will be necessary.
NOTE It is generally assumed that a higher density timber chars more slowly than a low density species but there are exceptions to this rule b) For metal frames:
The frame shall be of the same metal specification and all cross-sectional dimensions, including the rebate depth, may be varied by ± 25 %
A test conducted on a mild steel frame is relevant for assessing a securing device on a stainless steel frame, but the reverse is not true The findings from this test are applicable to both back-filled and unfilled frames.
Door leaves and openable windows
14.3.3.1 Timber/cellulosic door leaf or openable window a) Leaf Height: The rules will vary for the components as given below:
1) Latchbolt/deadbolt: As the height of the latchbolt/deadbolt will not vary on a tall or short door leaf there is no restriction on the height of the leaf to be used with these items, provided it is not to be fitted more than 1,5 m above floor level
2) Door edge bolt: If the pressure in the furnace was not greater than 12 Pa the bolt may only be used on opening elements of height up to 2,1 m If the pressure was 18 Pa then there is no restriction on leaf height b) Leaf Thickness: A test on a latchbolt/deadbolt or edge bolt in conjunction with an associated leaf construction thickness of 't' mm is suitable for use on leaves of approximately the same construction as long as the thickness is not less than 't' mm c) Construction: For mortice-in deadlocks, latches and edge bolts the field of direct application is as given in the clauses 1) to 3) below For face fixed items the exact nature of the construction is not important except for the ability of the construction to retain fixings which shall be the subject of a field of extended application
1) All-cellulosic door leaf or window: A test on a securing device where the item is housed in an all-cellulosic associated construction is applicable to the use of the device in conjunction with a construction with a slower charring rate, but not with a faster charring rate, or for use in leaves or openable windows where the device is housed in constructions with either protective sub-facings or mineral boards
2) Cellulosic constructions with protective sub-facings: A test on a securing device where the item is housed in a protected core associated construction is applicable to the use of the
35 device on elements with more protection, i.e thicker boards, or mineral board construction, but not on leaves of all-cellulosic construction
3) All mineral construction: A test on a securing device housed in an all mineral board associated construction is applicable to the use of the device on constructions with equal or higher density and strength properties and equal or better thermal properties, but not for use on leaves of all-cellulosic or protected cellulosic construction
14.3.3.2 Metal doors and openable windows a) Leaf Height: If the pressure in the furnace was not greater than 12 Pa the securing device may only be used on leaves of height up to 2,1 m (securing device height 'a' of 2 m) If the pressure was 18 Pa, then there is no restriction on height b) Leaf Thickness: A test with an associated leaf construction with a thickness of 't' mm is suitable for use on leaves of approximately the same construction as long as the thickness is not less than 't' mm c) Construction: A test on a securing device housed in an uninsulated metal associated construction is applicable to the use of the device in an uninsulated construction that is thicker, or in an insulating construction A test in an insulated metal associated construction is applicable only to insulated constructions with similar or better thermal properties.
Configuration of the assembly
A test for a securing device that connects a door leaf or window to another assembly is relevant for single leaf doors or operable windows, ensuring the leaf is secured to the frame However, this test does not apply to devices that secure one leaf to another leaf or window.
Door lipping/leaf or window edge construction
The edge lipping or any part of a timber door or window that comes into contact with the securing device or its forend plate must have a charring rate that is equal to or slower than that of the associated construction tested.
14.3.5.2 Metal door leaves or openable windows
The method of constructing the edge shall not be different from that used in the associated construction.
Intumescent protection
14.3.6.1 Additional intumescent protection to door or window to frame gap
When testing a securing device with an intumescent material, the assembly it is fixed to must have at least the same cross-sectional area of intumescent material with matching critical properties, positioned no further from the edge of the device than the tested distance.
For locally applied additional protection, a test using a low-pressure seal made of mono-ammonium phosphate is suitable for pressure forming seals, but the reverse is not true.
14.3.6.2 Direct protection to the device
Any intumescent materials, including pastes, plugs, or coatings, that are part of the tested securing device in timber or cellulosic assemblies must also be included in the assembly intended for use.
Fixings
All screws securing the device to the door or window frame must be made of the same metal and length, ensuring they penetrate solid material fully and possess at least the same pull-out resistance as those that have been tested Additionally, any alternative fixing methods must demonstrate equivalent strength at elevated temperatures as those that were tested.
NOTE Pull-out and strength resistance may be determined by fixing manufacturer’s specification.
Position of locking plate and forend
The edge of the locking plate or the forend shall not be closer to the face of the leaf than that which was tested.
Gap
Gaps between any leaf or window edge and the adjacent frame or locking plate must not exceed 4 mm, or the gap present during testing, whichever is greater, for timber, cellulosic, or insulated metal door leaves For uninsulated metal door leaves and frames, the maximum allowable gap is 5.5 mm.