Bsi bs en 01501 2 2005 + a1 2009

EN 894-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and contro

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 It supersedes BS EN 1501-2:2005 which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/1, Waste containers and associated lifting devices on refuse collection vehicles

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

loaded refuse collection vehicles

Bennes de collecte des déchets et leurs lève-conteneurs

associés - Exigences générales et exigences de sécurité -

Partie 2: Bennes à chargement latéral

Abfallsammelfahrzeuge und die dazugehörigen Schüttungen - Allgemeine Anforderungen und Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 2: Seitenlader

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 10 October 2009 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Contents Page

Foreword 4

Introduction 5

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 6

3 Terms and definitions 8

4 Modes and controls of side loaded RCVs 11

5 List of significant hazards 13

6 Safety requirements 18

7 Information for use 33

8 Verification 37

Annex A (normative) Working stations, functional and visible areas/spaces 42

Annex B (informative) Types and examples of data sheet 46

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC 55

Annex ZB (informative) !!Relationship between this Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"" 56

Bibliography 57

Figures Figure A.1b — Functional, visible and working areas for lifting — Front view 43

Figure A.1c — Outside working stations 44

Figure A.2 — Open and closed systems 45

Figure A.3 — Warning sign : extending arm 45

Tables Table 1 — List of significant hazards 14

Table 2 — Graphical symbols 23

Table 3 — Verification 38

Figure A.1a — Functional, visible and working areas for lifting — Top view 42

Table B.1 — Side loaded RCV 46

Table B.2 — Types 48

Table B.3 — Dimensions, volumes and centre of gravity calculation 50

Table B.4 — Axle load calculation (Example of a data sheet) 51

Table B.5a — Calculation of side stability on fully tipped body/bodywork 52

Table B.5b — Calculation of stability on RCV with extending arm 53

Table B.5c — Calculation of stability on RCV without extending arm with lifting device for designated waste containers larger than 1,1 m³ 54

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-10-10

This document supersedes EN 1501-2:2005

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !"

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document."

The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, serviceable, economical, and practical side loaded refuse collection vehicles

This European Standard is the second one of the series of co-ordinated standards of EN 1501 about “Refuse collection vehicles and their associated lifting devices” comprising the following parts:

 Part 1: Rear-end loaded refuse collection vehicles

 Part 2: Side loaded refuse collection vehicles

 Part 3: Front loaded refuse collection vehicles

 Part 4: Noise measurement protocol for refuse collection vehicles

 Part 5: Lifting devices for refuse collection vehicles (in preparation)

 Part 6: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) (in preparation)

 Amendment EN 1501-1/A1: Footboards

This European Standard is the second one of a series of standards dealing with specification, design, safety and testing of side loaded refuse collection vehicles (side loaded RCVs) and associated lifting devices

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom

Introduction

This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard

The series of standards should be read in conjunction with the documents developed by CEN/TC 183/WG 1 for mobile waste containers (series of standards EN 840), for stationary waste containers (series of standards

EN 12574) and for selective collection containers emptied by the top (Type B of EN 13071) that are compatible with the lifting devices specified in these standards

While producing this European Standard it was assumed that:

 only persons who have been appropriately trained will operate the side loaded RCV;

 components without specific requirements are designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, including all failure modes, of sound mechanical and electrical construction and made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;

 harmful materials, such as asbestos, are not used as part of the machine;

 components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain despite wear within the specified limits as stated in the maintenance manual;

 by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranging from zero to 100 % of the rated capacities and during the tests;

 the equipment shall be designed for operation with an ambient temperature between -10 °C and +40 °C;

 negotiation occurs between the manufacturer and the user concerning the specific uses and places of use of the machinery;

 the locations for use of the side loaded RCV are safe (e.g tarmac road)

The standard is designed for careful consideration by designers, manufacturers, suppliers and users of side loaded RCVs

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause 5 which can arise during the operation and the maintenance of side loaded refuse collection vehicles (side loaded RCVs) used for the collection, transportation and unloading of solid wastes and as intended by the manufacturer or his authorised representative

 lifting devices for side loaded refuse collection vehicles

Examples for basic types of side loaded refuse collection vehicles are given in Annex B

This European Standard does not establish the additional requirements for:

 design and equipment of the chassis, considered as meeting all road traffic requirements;

 operation in severe conditions (e.g extreme environmental conditions such as: temperatures below –

10 °C and above +40 °C, corrosive environment, tropical environment);

 operation subject to special rules (e.g potentially explosive atmospheres, contaminating environments);

 static electricity problems;

 transportation of passengers, lifting of persons;

 loading by crane;

 loading by a satellite vehicle;

 containers other than those manufactured according to EN 840, EN 12574 and EN 13071;

 handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g hot wastes, acids and bases, radioactive materials, especially fragile loads, explosives);

 hazards occurring during construction, transportation, commissioning, decommissioning;

 hazards occurring in relation to traffic on public roads;

 wind velocity in excess of 75 km/h;

 direct contact with foodstuffs;

 hazards due to the noise of the side loaded RCV

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs

EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body

EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design

EN 457:1992, Safety of machinery — Auditory danger signals — General requirements, design and testing (ISO 7731:1986, modified)

EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit value for hot surfaces

EN 894-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators

EN 894-2:1997, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 2: Displays

EN 894-3:2000, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 3: Control actuators

EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards

EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design

EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics

EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up

EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment

EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and selection

!EN 1501-4:2007, Refuse collection vehicles and their associated lifting devices – General requirements

and safety requirements — Part 4: Noise test code for refuse collection vehicles"

EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (ISO 60204-1:1997)

EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)

EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)

EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)

ISO 7000:2004, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis

IEC 60417-DB:2002, Graphical symbols for use and equipment — Index, survey and compilation of single sheets

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2003 and the following apply

3.1

refuse collection vehicle (RCV)

vehicle intended for the collection and transportation of waste or recyclable materials based on loading via containers or by hand It consists of a chassis with cab onto which the bodywork is mounted The bodywork includes an integrated or interchangeable body The bodywork also includes either a compaction mechanism

or a lifting device or both

3.2.2

types of side loaded RCVs

side loaded RCVs in the scope of this European Standard are classified into ten types (see Tables B.1 and B.2) These ten types are the following:

part of the bodywork in which the collected waste is stored, it may be fixed or interchangeable or rotate as part

of the compaction mechanism

3.5

capacity of the side loaded RCV

capacity of the internal volume available for waste, measured in cubic metres rounded off to one decimal place (V3 and V4 in Table B.3)

capacity of the hopper

volume of non-compacted waste the hopper contains without taking into account the edge of the guide flap, measured in cubic metres rounded off to one decimal.place, when the compaction mechanism is in its fully retracted position (V1 and V2 in Table B.3)

3.9

rave rail

ejection plate system

system which allows the emptying of the body by moving an ejection plate (nominally occupying the inner cross section area of the body) from the front to the rear,after opening the discharge door

3.12.2

rotation drum system

discharge of the rotation drum is done by inversion of the rotation after opening the discharge door

3.12.3

discharge by tipping

system to empty the body by tilting the body to the rear after opening the discharge door

3.13

designated waste container

range or types of receptacles for storing waste prior to the collection by a side loaded RCV and which are compatible with the lifting device of the side loaded RCV

functional space (envelope)

functional space covered by the movements of the lifting device (including the waste containers) as specified

by the manufacturer (see Figure A.1b)

3.20

waste container emptying cycle

number of sequences to hold, pick up, lift and tilt the waste containers and put them back on the ground

3.21

visible area

area resulting from the design, visible by the operative from his working station, either in or outside of the cab For types 1-2-3-7-8-10 of Annex B (in cab control; see Figure A.1b) and for types 4-5-6-9 of Annex B (on ground control; see Figure A.1c)

3.22

operative

operator in charge of the operation of the side loaded RCV

3.23

mono-operative side loaded RCV

when the whole sequence of movements of the waste container emptying cycle can be achieved only through the actuation of the controls located in the cab

hold-to-run control device

control device by which the operating function is only carried out as long as the control is activated according

to 2.31 of EN 1070:1998 The operation stops automatically when the control is released

motorised movement not exceeding 6km/h of the side loaded RCV

4 Modes and controls of side loaded RCVs

(Travel and positioning movements not included)

4.1 Operating modes

Movements of the mechanically moved parts of the side loaded RCV:

4.1.1 Manual: the mechanism achieves each movement within the waste container emptying cycle or the

compaction cycle by a specific separate command

4.1.2 Semi-automatic: the mechanism achieves each sequence of movements (two or more movements in

one sequence) within the waste container emptying cycle or the compaction cycle by a specific command

4.1.3 Automatic: the mechanism achieves all sequences of the waste container emptying cycle or the

compaction cycle by one command without any other action

4.2 Compaction operating modes and controls

4.2.1 Closed and open systems

4.2.1.1 Closed system

When the rave rail is 1 600 mm or more above the level on which the side loaded RCV is standing, and any shear trap is at least 850 mm away from the rave rail (see Figure A.2)

4.2.1.2 Open system

When the rave rail does not meet the above mentioned measurement of a closed system

NOTE This approach is not related to the Annex IV of the machinery directive

 continuous cycle is one that continually cycles until stopped by an independent action (“AUTO”);

 single cycle is one that cycles once with a start impulse or the emptying and then stops without any other action (“SINGLE”);

 multi cycle is one that cycles by a start impulse or emptying for a given number of times and then stops

without any other action (“MULTI”)

For single and/or multi cycles the start impulse may be generated by means of the start command of the lifting device

4.2.2.2 Semi-automatic compaction

Semi-automatic compaction can either be a controlled cycle or an intermittent cycle as follows:

The controlled cycle is activated by one single hold-to-run control, e.g button or lever, from the start until all shear traps have been passed Thereafter, the cycle will be completed automatically, even if the button or lever is released (“CTRL”)

The intermittent cycle works automatically without any other action and is interrupted at least 500 mm before the first shear trap A hold-to-run control is required to run the compaction mechanism for that part of the cycle where a shear trap is created up to the end of the cycle (“SEMI”)

4.3 Discharge system operating modes and controls

Each side loaded RCV may be designed for one or more of the following discharge operating mode(s), as described in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3:

4.3.1 Automatic discharge mode

The automatic discharge door opening and closing modes are forbidden

4.3.2 Semi-automatic discharge mode

The discharge door automatically achieves each sequence of movement of the discharge cycle except for the final closure (at least 500 mm before closed position) by a command using a hold-to-run control device

4.3.3 Manual discharge mode

The discharge door achieves each sequence of movement within the discharge cycle by a specific separate command

4.4 Lifting device operating modes and controls

Each side loaded RCV may be designed for one or more of the following lifting device operating modes, as described in 4.4.1 to 4.4.3:

4.4.1 Manual lifting mode

The lifting device achieves each movement within the emptying cycle by a specific command using a run control device

hold-to-4.4.2 Semi-automatic lifting mode

The lifting device achieves each sequence of movements (two or more movements in the sequence) of the emptying cycle by a command using a hold-to-run or impulse control device

4.4.3 Automatic lifting mode

The lifting device achieves all the sequences of the emptying cycle by one command

4.4.4 Selection of mode/lifting device

A selection of mode is when a lifting operating mode can be changed to or from any of the modes mentioned under 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 ("SELECT")

5 List of significant hazards

This clause contains all the significant hazards, risk areas and hazardous situations and events as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk

Table 1 — List of significant hazards

1 (1d) From mass and

1.1 Crushing Lifting device Crushing between lifting device

or waste container and ground during lowering operation

6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2

1.1

1.5

Crushing, trapping

Compaction system

Crushing by compaction mechanism by falling into the hopper during operation

6.2.1 6.2.3.1 6.2.3.2 6.2.3.3 6.9.3.2 1.1

1.2 Crushing, shearing Compaction mechanism Crushing or shearing between compaction mechanism and its

housing when the body is removed

6.2.4 6.9.3.2

1.1

1.2

Crushing, shearing

Static body Crushing between compaction

mechanism and its housing during waste collection

6.2.1 6.2.3.1 6.2.3.2 6.2.3.3 6.9.3.2 1.1

1.2 Crushing, shearing Discharge system Crushing between discharge door and body when discharge

door is being lowered

6.3.1.2 6.3.1.3 6.3.1.4 6.11.2 1.1 Crushing Discharge system Crushing between open laterally

hinged discharge door and body when the discharge door is unintentionally closed (by wind)

6.3.1.5

1.1

1.2

Crushing, shearing

Static body Crushing or shearing when

lateral access door is open whilst mechanism is moving

6.11.4

1.1

1.2

Crushing, shearing

Discharge system Crushing between discharge

door and body when laterally hinged door is being opened

6.3.1.5

1.1

1.5

Crushing, trapping

Lifting device Clamping of pedestrian

particularly children

6.4.2.3 6.4.2.4 6.4.2.6 6.4.2.7 6.9.4.4 1.1

1.5 Crushing, trapping Lifting device Trapping between lifting device and the side loaded RCV, when

retracting the arm of the lifting device

6.4.1.1 6.4.1.3 6.9.4.4

1.1

1.5

Crushing, trapping

Lifting device Crushing or trapping between

parts of the lifting device

6.4.1.1 6.4.1.3 6.4.2.5 6.9.4.4

1.1

1.5

Crushing, trapping

Lifting device Crushing or trapping between

waste container and lifting device

6.4.1.2 6.4.2 1.1

1.2

1.5

Crushing, shearing, drawing in

Inside body Crushing or shearing by

compaction mechanism or ejection plate

6.11.3 6.11.4

1.1

1.5

Crushing, drawing in

Rotation drum body

Drawing in between body and rollers

6.2.5

1.9 Projection of

hydraulic fluid under high pressure

Lifting device, Bodywork

Ejection of high pressure oil jet caused by loose or broken oil hoses

6.9.2.3 6.9.3.1 6.9.4.1 6.9.4.2 6.9.4.3 Not mentioned in

mechanisms

Unauthorised modifications of controls/control circuit

6.9.3.1 6.10.1.2

8.1 Unhealthy

posture

Cab working station (seat)

Too long turning of head and body

6.9.4.4

8.4 Insufficient

illumination

Operation area of lifting device

Various hazards e.g by unsafe handling of waste, containers and controls

6.10.12.1

8.6 Human error by

lack of information

side loaded RCV Insufficient clear instructions for

operation, maintenance and repair

7.1 7.2 7.3 8.7 Inadequate

design of manual controls

Operating controls Accidental use of control

switches, levers or joysticks 6.4.1.3 6.7

6.9.2.2 6.9.3.1 6.9.3.4 8.8 Inadequate

design and place of visual display units

All moving parts Unexpected movement by

actuation of the wrong control command

6.7 6.9.3.1 6.9.3.4

10.1 Failure of

hydraulic and control system

Discharge door during cleaning the closing edge after ejection of waste

Failure of system that control raising or lowering discharge door

6.3.1.2 6.3.1.3 6.3.1.4 6.3.2

10.2 Restoring of

energy

All moving parts Machine movement

unintentionally starts caused by recovered energy e.g after failure

of power

6.4.1.3 6.9.1.2 6.9.3.1 6.9.3.3 6.10.6 10.3 External

influence on electrical equipment

All moving parts Unexpected movements 6.10.2

14 Failure of

control circuit

All moving parts Machine movement

unintentionally starts caused by recovered energy e.g after unexpected engine stop

6.9.1.2 6.9.1.3 6.9.3.3 6.10.1.2 6.10.7

14 Failure of

control circuit

All moving parts Unintentional starting or failure

on stop functions due to bad design of controls/control circuit

6.9.1.1 6.9.2.1 6.9.3 6.10.3 6.10.4 6.10.5 6.10.6 6.10.8 6.10.9 6.10.10 6.10.11 6.10.12

15 Errors of fitting All moving parts Unexpected movements

Faulty connections

6.1 6.4.1 6.6 6.9 6.10

16 Break down of

hoses during operation

Area underneath top hinged discharge door

Free fall of the raised discharge door due to breakage of the oil pressure hoses (when it is not secured)

6.3.1.2

16 Break down

during operation

Interchangeable body

Loss of interchangeable body during compaction by break down of interlocks

6.6.2

16 Break down

during operation

Lifting device Parts of the lifting device and/or

waste container fall off 6.4.1.2

17 Falling objects Lifting device Waste container falls off by

collision with compaction mechanism

6.4.1.1

17 Falling objects Waste container Waste container falls off caused

by human error when controlling the lifting device

6.4.2.1 6.4.2.4 6.4.2.6

17 Falling off by

inadequate design of machine parts

Lifting device Waste falls off the waste

container beside the side loaded RCV due to improper design either of the hopper or of the kinematics of the lifting device

6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2

17 Falling off by

incompatible design of waste containers

Lifting device

Waste container

Waste falls off the waste container beside the side loaded RCV by too high clamping position of the waste container

6.4.1.1 6.4.2.4

17 Falling off by

inadequate closing of the body

Interchangeable body

Waste falls out of the body 6.6.1

18 Tipping over RCV Tipping over of RCV by lack of

stability

6.3.3 6.12

18 Tipping over Interchangeable

body

Tipping over of interchangeable body under bad handling and storage conditions

6.6.4

20.3 Movement

without all parts

in rest position

Lifting device Hitting other vehicles or

pedestrians when driving with extending arm out

Hard and sharp wastes pushed into the cab by the compaction mechanism

6.2.2.2

21.5 Insufficient

visibility Lifting device Injuries to pedestrians and bikers by operating the lifting device

without observing the functional area by the operative

6.9.4.4 6.9.4.5

6.9.4.6

25.2 Unexpected

movement of lifting device

Lifting device Hitting other vehicles or

pedestrians by accidental extension of the extending arm

6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.2.3 27.1.4 Unexpected

movement of waste container

Lifting device Lifting device unexpectedly

lowers or waste container falls off due to failure of the power supply

6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2 6.5 27.1.5 Inadequate

holding devices

Lifting device Waste container is not clamped

strongly enough

6.4.2.4 6.4.2.5 27.1.5 Inadequate

holding devices

Lifting device Waste container not locked

safely on to the lifting device

6.4.1.2

6 Safety requirements

6.1 General

Side loaded RCVs shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause Furthermore, side loaded RCVs shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with in this European Standard All systems and components shall be specified and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions

For the application of EN 294, EN 349, EN 982, EN 60204-1, the manufacturer shall carry out a risk assessment for any additional requirement not dealt with in this European Standard

6.2 Compaction mechanism

6.2.1 Controls for the compaction mechanism

When the side-loaded RCV is mono-operative, the automatic cycle of the compaction mechanism shall be interlocked with the presence of the operative in the cab

6.2.2 Interaction between bodywork and compaction mechanism

6.2.2.1 Compaction against the discharge door

The design shall take into account the dynamic forces on the discharge door, the connections between the discharge door and the body and the connections between the compaction mechanism and the body, all of which need to withstand the forces generated of the compaction mechanism

6.2.2.2 Rear of the cab protection

The design of the compaction mechanism and its mounting inside the bodywork shall take into account the compaction type, the dynamic forces with special regard to the protection of the cab The design shall be such that no hard and sharp wastes can be pushed out of the body by the compaction mechanism, e.g retracting compaction plate, and penetrate into the cab through its rear wall for example by deflection of the waste, reinforced rear wall, sensorized shield

6.2.3 Relationship between the compaction mechanism and the height of the rave rail

6.2.3.1 The height of the rave rail for hand loading (see 3.9 and 3.19) above the level on which the loaded RCV is standing (see Figure A.2) shall be at least 1 200 mm (see Figure A.2)

side-6.2.3.2 The compaction mode for open systems (as defined in 4.2.1.2) shall be semi-automatic or manual

as described in 4.2.2.2 or 4.2.2.3

6.2.3.3 When a guide flap is adjustable to allow open and closed systems (see Figure A.2), the guide flap shall be interlocked to prevent the automatic cycle in the open system The Interlock shall be in accordance with 3.2 of EN 1088:1995 and 6.2.2 of EN 954-1:1996 and shall be at least an interlocking without guard locking and with at least safety category 1

6.2.4 Side loaded RCV with interchangeable body

When the body can be separated from the compaction mechanism or removed for separate transportation, the compaction mechanism shall be interlocked, when the body is not locked to the compaction mechanism The interlocking system shall meet category 1 of EN 954-1:1996

6.2.5 Side loaded RCV with rotation drum body

Where the rotation drum body creates a potential shearing or crushing trap fixed guards according to EN 953 shall be fitted

6.3.1.3 Lowering of the lifted discharge door shall be by means of the two-hand hold-to-run control which shall be located in such a way that the operative has a permanent direct view of the closing edges An additional set of hold-to-run controls for opening and closing of the discharge door may be installed in the cab This control device shall be designed to avoid actuation other than intentional (see in addition 6.9.1.1) When more than one control station can be used, interlocked controls according to EN 60204-1 shall be used

The total closure time of the discharge door shall not be less than 20 s The cab controls shall not be capable

of completely closing the discharge door, and a minimum gap of 1 000 mm shall be left between the bottom

edge of the discharge door and the body

The final closure shall only be possible by the two-hand hold-to-run control outside at the rear (see in addition 6.10.5)

6.3.1.4 The discharge door or tilting body shall be prevented from falling and closing unintentionally during maintenance or cleaning by means of (a) specific mechanical restraint device(s) This (These) device(s) shall be permanently fixed in position and shall be capable of supporting the full weight of the discharge door or body and the possible hydraulic forces

6.3.1.5 When the discharge door is laterally hinged, mechanical securing devices shall be provided to keep it open

6.3.2 Emptying the body

The working station shall be located away from any falling waste

For emptying the compaction mechanism and hopper, the compaction mechanism can be activated from the discharge door working station by a hold-to-run control device only when the body is fully tilted or the ejection plate is totally extended or before starting the ejection plate movement for discharging

6.3.3 Raised body and discharge door warning

As a minimum, a visual and audible warning shall be activated in the cab to warn the driver that the body or the powered discharge door is in an unsafe position for travelling It shall not be possible to deactivate this warning, when the engine of the side loaded RCV is on and shall be automatically reactivated when switching the engine on

6.4 Lifting device

6.4.1 General requirements

6.4.1.1 General requirements for the design

Any crushing and shearing hazards shall be minimized by design according to EN 349 or appropriate shielding according to EN 953

To prevent foot injuries, the distance between the lower edge of the lifting device and the level on which the side loaded RCV is standing shall be at least 320 mm including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm (see 3 in Figure A.2) If movement of the lifting device down to the ground level is necessary, the distance between 120 mm and the horizontal ground shall be controlled by a hold-to-run control situated in a position where the lifting device is in full view

The volume of the hopper and the performances of the compaction mechanism and the lifting device shall be designed taking into consideration the volume of the largest designated waste container in order to avoid waste falling out of the hopper

When the hopper is emptied by the compaction mechanism at the same time as the lifting device is being operated, the design shall be such that the waste container and the compaction mechanism shall not collide and no damage to the container shall result

The hydraulic lifting device shall be equipped with safety devices for hose burst protection (e.g hydraulic restraint valves mounted directly on the lifting cylinders) or with other devices to prevent unintended lowering They shall be mounted directly on the lifting rams

6.4.1.2 The lifting device shall meet the following requirements:

 be designed for the designated waste containers as noted in the information for use;

 be designed for the maximum permissible lifting mass of the designated waste containers The dynamic test load shall be 1,1 times the maximum permissible mass;

 be provided with a device preventing a lift in excess of the maximum permissible mass;

 be provided with a device to accurately locate the designated waste container in the lifting device;

 be provided with a device to automatically lock and keep locked the designated waste container in the lifting position before the tilt of the waste container reaches 30 degrees from vertical or before the height

of the prehension point reaches 2 000 mm from the horizontal level where the side loaded RCV is standing In the automatic lifting mode the device shall also verify that the designated waste container is locked in position during the whole sequence

The designated waste container shall remain locked in position as long as the container is lifted more than

400 mm (600 mm including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm) from the level on which the side loaded RCV is standing, even if electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic energy fails Any electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic failure shall not result in unlocking of the waste container

The maximum peripheral speed of any reachable part of the lifting devices with designated waste containers shall not exceed 2,5 m/s for waste containers with a capacity less than 2 500 l and 1,5 m/s for waste containers with a capacity larger than 2 500 l, during the lowering movement This applies up to a height of

2 700 mm (including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm) from the level on which the side loaded RCV stands

Provisions shall be made to ensure that no waste is spilt e.g by design of the relative position of the

6.4.1.3 Operation of lifting devices

The movement of control devices shall be consistent with their effect and user-friendly, for example:

For button operated lifting devices:

upper button = lift

lower button = lower

For lever operated lifting devices, the operating direction of the lever shall correspond to the stated movement: pull = lift

push = lower

The direction of movement achieved by a button, lever or rotary switch shall be clearly identified by an arrow highlighting the direction

Control devices may be switched over to manual mode with a mode selector for maintenance, repair, resetting

or restoring following degraded working conditions The change-over operation shall not initiate any lifting or tilting operation In any case, operations that could release lifted containers shall only be possible in the lowest lift position

Stopping the lifting device, in an automatic or semi-automatic mode, will require a new command to restart When the side loaded RCV is equipped with more than one lifting device, it shall not be possible for the same operative to simultaneously operate the lifting devices

If the lifting device is in a position where some parts of it and/or waste container protrude beyond the dimensions of the side loaded RCV, any possibility of travel movement shall be prevented

If the lifting device can be activated from both inside the cab and outside, a selection switch is provided in the cab to ensure that only one is operable at the same time

6.4.2 Additional requirements for extending and folding and/or clamping lifting devices

6.4.2.1 When the side loaded RCV is travelling, the lifting device shall not be capable of being operated and shall be secured by any mechanical locking (e.g positively actuated by gravity, pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically) or by hydraulic locking in its rest position against any unintentional movement except for positioning purposes (see 6.4.2.3)

6.4.2.2 Clamp and/or extending arms shall be locked by a positive locking device when the side loaded RCV is travelling A hydraulic locking is accepted if a safety valve is fitted directly to the locking cylinder(s) The safety valve shall withstand a load of two times of the defined clamping force or the maximum defined load of the extending arm

6.4.2.3 If the lifting device is in a position where some parts of it protrude beyond the dimensions of the side loaded RCV, there shall be an optical warning (red warning light) in the cabin The side loaded RCV shall not be able to be driven faster than 6 km/h (positioning movement, see 3.27)

6.4.2.4 The clamp itself shall only be controlled by a specific separate hold-to-run control In case of loss

of power the clamp shall not open and release the load

6.4.2.5 The closing forces of the clamp shall be high enough to hold the waste container and nominal

6.4.2.6 A safety distance under the provisions of EN 349 shall be maintained between the jaws during the lifting sequence of the container or when no container is present If the full closure of the clamp is necessary (e.g.: rest position or small container), a restart of the closure or clamping movement shall only be possible through an intentional activation and with permanent monitoring by the operative

6.4.2.7 Opening of the clamp shall only be possible when the waste container has been returned to the same or a lower level as when closing the clamps

6.5 Hydraulic power system

All hydraulic hoses, tubes and fittings shall be designed for a burst pressure of at least 2 times the working pressure Where hoses are located on the sides of the side loaded RCV and within 500 mm of persons standing at the working station or passing by, they shall be shielded against oil jets resulting from sudden hose failure (oil jet coming out) The protection shall be sufficiently sturdy to divert fluids away from persons The hydraulic power system shall comply with the requirements of EN 982

6.6 Interchangeable body system

6.6.1 The waste shall be securely contained inside the body during separation of the body and subsequent

handling

6.6.2 The locking system between the compaction mechanism and the body and/or between the body and

the chassis, shall be designed to withstand the compaction forces taking into account the maximum dynamic stress Unlocking shall only be possible by an intentional action

6.6.3 Mounting/demounting mechanisms of the body shall be designed to take into account all dynamic

forces of the interchangeable body while mounting/demounting it on the chassis

6.6.4 The body shall be compatible with the designated handling system and stable under all handling and

storage conditions These conditions shall be stated in the information for use

6.6.5 The control for the mounting/demounting shall be hold-to-run and be positioned to provide a complete

view of the operation The locking on the chassis and/or with the compaction system shall be stated in the information for use

6.6.6 In case of cab controlled operation, the control shall not be capable of completely mounting the body

and a minimum distance of 1 000 mm shall be left between the edge of the interchangeable body and the compaction mechanism The final mounting shall only be achieved by an outside two-hand hold-to-run control, with a clear view of the entire shear/crushing gap

6.6.7 If the operation for mounting/demounting is controlled from the operative's position in the cab, there

shall be a clear view of the rear part of the chassis and storage area This clear view has to be achieved with

a CCTV system which shall be active during these operations without the possibility for switching off The final closure is performed according to 6.6.6

6.6.8 When using a remote control, it shall be a wired remote control It shall not be possible to operate the

remote control from inside the cab The remote control shall be of sufficient length to allow the operative control from a safe area The final closing of the 1 000 mm gap shall only be achieved by a two-hand hold-to-run control, with a clear view of the entire shear/crushing gap

6.7 Operating symbols

6.7.1 The following operating elements shall be provided with pictograms (graphical symbols) according to

their function and direction of movement Examples are shown in Table 2 All the other operating elements shall be provided with a pictogram and/or a proper description

Table 2 — Graphical symbols

No Symbol Meaning No of symbol according to

AUTO

Table 2 (continued)

No Symbol Meaning No of symbol according to

ISO 7000/IEC 60417-DB a

8 Ejecting the waste with the ejection plate

10 Demounting of the interchangeable body

11 Mounting of the interchangeable body

Table 2 (continued)

No Symbol Meaning No of symbol according to

ISO 7000/IEC 60417-DB a

Table 2 (continued)

No Symbol Meaning No of symbol according to

ISO 7000/IEC 60417-DB a

20 Automatic cycle of lifting device

6.7.3 Colours for pictograms: black or white, on a contrasting background

6.7.4 The following colours are exclusive to be used for control devices (see 10.2 of EN 60204-1:1997)

red on yellow background: emergency stop (red mushroom-head button, see 10.7.4 of EN 60204-1:1997

and EN 418) green: start

yellow: rescue

Colours shall be permanent

6.8 Riding on side loaded RCV by operatives

6.8.1 Bodywork

There shall be no recesses or projections that could serve as a foot or hand hold on any side of the bodywork

6.8.2 Cab

Every side loaded RCV shall be provided with a cab and operatives shall, under no account, be able to use any part of the side loaded RCV for riding purposes other than inside the cab Operatives shall be prevented from falling off, jumping on and off when the side loaded RCV is in motion as well as against injuries caused

by acceleration and deceleration of the side loaded RCV

If fitted, automatic doors will remain closed when the side loaded RCV is travelling Travelling movement will only be possible when the automatic doors are closed

6.9 Control systems

6.9.1 General requirements for safety circuits

6.9.1.1 Safety related parts of controls shall be determined from the categories derived from the risk analysis as defined by EN 954-1, e.g.:

 at least category 2: for hazardous movements of automatic lifting devices, compaction mechanism when hand loaded and interchangeable body;

 at least category 1: for hold-to-run controls;

For each risk area the safety categories shall be defined

6.9.1.2 In case of electrical or hydraulic energy loss, hazardous movements shall be stopped and shall not restart automatically when energy is restored (see 7.5 of EN 60204-1:1997)

6.9.1.3 If for any reason, the compaction mechanism and/or the lifting device (s) stop(s), it (they) shall not restart automatically

6.9.2 Emergency stopping devices

6.9.2.1 Emergency stopping devices shall have a stop function of category 0 or 1 according to 9.2.2 of

EN 60204-1:1997 and EN 418

6.9.2.2 Emergency stop devices shall:

 be provided in the cab and on both sides of the side-loading equipment, but just outside of the functional area (see Figures A.1 a) and A.1 b));

 stop any movement of the bodywork;

 be located within easy reach of the operative;

 be fitted in a position with a clear view of the functional space;

 overrule all other operating controls - except the yellow rescue switches;

 be designed according to 10.7 of EN 60204-1;

 not be connected to the 0 volt ground potential of the chassis

6.9.2.3 An unmistakable acoustic signal shall sound in the cab when an emergency switch is activated