Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 716-2:1995 are as follows: a Following items were made more concrete or introduced: Test equipment 3.2, Application of force
Preliminary preparation
The tests are designed to be applied to a cot that is fully assembled and ready for use
The test unit must be kept in indoor ambient conditions for a minimum of one week before testing Any variations from this procedure should be documented in the test report.
Before testing, all removable fabrics must be cleaned or washed twice following the manufacturer's guidelines If no specific instructions are provided, the cleaning method used should be detailed in the test report.
Tests will be conducted in indoor ambient conditions, and if the atmospheric temperature falls outside the range of 15 °C to 25 °C during a test, the maximum and/or minimum temperature must be documented in the test report.
The cot must be tested in its delivered state, and if it is a knock-down type, it should be assembled following the manufacturer's provided instructions For cots that can be assembled, combined, or adjusted in various configurations, the most unfavorable combination should be utilized for each test.
Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing Further re-tightening shall not take place unless this is specifically required by the manufacturer
For designs not included in the test procedures, testing should be conducted to the extent possible according to the outlined methods, and any deviations from these procedures should be documented.
Test equipment
Unless otherwise specified, the tests may be applied by any suitable device because results are dependent only upon correctly applied forces and loads and not upon the apparatus
The testing equipment must allow for the cot's deformation without restriction, ensuring it can move in accordance with the cot's changes This capability guarantees that loads are consistently applied at the designated points and in the correct direction during testing.
All loading pads must be designed to pivot according to the direction of the applied force, with the pivot point positioned as near as feasible to the load surface.
Application of forces
The forces in the static load tests shall be applied sufficiently slowly enough to ensure that negligible dynamic force is applied
The forces in durability tests shall be applied at a rate to ensure that excessive heating does not occur.
Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply:
Forces: ± 5 % of the nominal force;
Masses: ± 0,5 % of the nominal mass;
Dimensions: ± 1,0 mm of the nominal dimension;
Angles: ± 2° of the nominal angle;
Positioning of loading pads: ± 5 mm;
Duration of forces: ( 2 ± 1) s for durability tests
(10 ± 2) s for static load tests, including tension, torque and bite tests
The tests are described in terms of the application of forces Masses can, however, be used The relationship
10 N = 1 kg shall be used for this purpose.
Test sequence
The tests shall be carried out in the order laid down in this standard and on the same cot.
Prevention of movement during test
If the cot tends to slide or roll during the tests specified in clause 5, it shall be restrained by stops (4.6)
Measuring probes
Probes made of plastics or other hard, smooth material mounted on a force-measuring device
There shall be one probe with a diameter of 7 mm (-0,1/+0 mm), see Figure 1a
There shall be five probes with an angle of 30° ± 0,5° with diameters of 25 mm (0/+0,1 mm), 45 mm (0/+0,1 mm), 60 mm (0/+0,1 mm), 65 mm (0/+0,1 mm) and 85 mm (0/+0,1 mm) with conical ends, see Figure 1b
There shall be four cylindrical probes with diameters of 5 mm (-0,1/+0 mm), 7 mm (-0,1/+0 mm), 12 mm (0/+0,1 mm) and 18 mm (0/+0,1 mm) with hemispherical ends, see Figure 1c
1 ỉ 5 mm (-0,1/+0 mm), ỉ 7 mm (-0,1/+0 mm), ỉ 12 mm (0/+0,1 mm), ỉ 18 mm (0/+0,1 mm)
Bottom impactor
An impactor with a total mass of 10 kg of hardwood or equivalent material with a hemispherical end and with dimensions in accordance with Figure 2
The impactor shall be guided so that it is kept vertical and always falls on the impact point.
Test mattress
A PUR foam sheet measuring 60 mm in thickness, with a bulk density of (35 ± 2) kg/m³ and an indentation hardness index of (170 ± 40) N, complies with A.40 of EN ISO 2439:2000 The dimensions of the foam sheet must be at least 400 mm × 800 mm, but should not exceed the size of the cot mattress base under test Additionally, the test mattress is required to have a cotton cover with a mass per unit area ranging from 100 g/m² to 120 g/m².
Side impactor
The pendulum features a steel cylindrical head, as illustrated in Figure 3, and is encased in a 10 mm thick rubber layer with a hardness rating between 76 IRHD and 78 IRHD, following ISO 7619-2 standards The overall mass of the pendulum is 2 kg.
Loading pad
A rigid cylindrical object, 100 mm in diameter, having a smooth hard surface and rounded edge with radius of
Stops
Stops should be designed to prevent sliding without allowing tilting, with a maximum height of 12 mm, unless the item's design requires higher stops In such cases, the lowest effective height that prevents sliding must be utilized.
Floor surface
Rigid, horizontal and flat surface.
Test chain and mass
The ball chain features a ball diameter of \(3.2 \pm 0.2\) mm and a center-to-center distance of \(4.0 \pm 0.2\) mm, as illustrated in Figure 4 This chain is attached to a spherical weight weighing 2.5 kg and measuring 115 mm in diameter, creating a loop as shown in Figure 5.
Small parts cylinder
For assessment of small components, having dimensions in accordance with Figure 6
NOTE The cylinder is identical to the one specified in EN 71-1 [1]
Test mass
A weight having a mass of 10 kg and a cross-section of 100 mm × 30 mm.
Bite tester
The apparatus, illustrated in Figure 8, features two sets of teeth crafted from H13 high chrome tool steel or an equivalent material, hardened to a Rockwell C scale of 45 to 50 The design includes two teeth at the top and two at the bottom of the bite tester, arranged such that the vertical center line of one pair is positioned (1 ± 0.1) mm in front of the center line of the opposing set In the fully closed position, the teeth overlap each other.
(1 ± 0,1) mm The outer most corners of the teeth shall have a radius of (0,3 ± 0,1) mm
Teeth must be mounted to pivot around a point located at (50 ± 1) mm from the rear most pair, ensuring that the center lines of both pairs remain parallel when closed Additionally, the bite tester should include a stop mechanism to limit the distance between the teeth to a maximum of (28 ± 1) mm when fully opened, with a closing force set at (50 ± 5) N.
The bite tester must include a guide to limit the penetration of items into the fully opened jaws to a maximum of (17 ± 1) mm Additionally, it should be designed to apply a force of (50 ± 5) N along its center line, aimed at pulling the teeth away from the sample.
Retaining block
Two retaining blocks made of rigid material with a width of 50 mm and a radius of 5 mm at the front edges.
Foothold template
A strip of 10 mm thick transparent material cut to the shape as shown in Figure 9, marked on one face with
The sides of the template shall be at a right angle to the faces All edges and corners shall be without any radius
1 Triangular cells plotted on a 5 x 5 grid
Figure 9 — Template for foothold test (example of left hand template)
Two templates are required to provide a left and right hand template The markings shown in Figure 9 shall be on the bottom face of each template to avoid parallax errors.
Head probes
Small head probe
The small head probe shall be made from plastics or other hard, smooth material with the dimensions given in Figure 10 The radius shall be 53 mm
NOTE The small head probe represents a child aged 6 months to 9 months
Large head probe
The large head probe shall be made from plastics or other hard, smooth material with the dimensions given in Figure 11
NOTE The large head probe represents a child aged up to 36 months
Template for V-shaped openings
The template for V and irregularly shaped openings must be constructed from plastic or other durable, smooth materials, adhering to the dimensions specified in Figure 12, with an angle tolerance of ± 1°.
Test dummy
A solid cylinder with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 300 mm has a mass of 15 kg, with its center of gravity positioned 150 mm above the base Additionally, all edges of the cylinder feature a radius of 5 mm.
Assembly and inspection
Assemble the cot in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction Prior to the test, inspect the cot visually for defects
Tighten all knock-down fittings
After testing, check where appropriate:
whether there are sharp edges or burrs,
whether the functions of the locking mechanisms are impaired,
whether the functions of the cot are impaired,
whether the sizes of the openings have changed so that they present a safety hazard,
The cot shall be tested without mattress unless the mattress is an integral part of the cot
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with the legs against the stops (4.6) The tilting tendencies shall not be restrained
Adjust the cot base to its highest position
Attach the test mass (4.10) to the center of the upper edge of the cot side/end, ensuring its center of gravity is positioned 50 mm below this edge Additionally, apply a horizontal force of 30 N outward at the center of the upper edge of the cot side/end.
Record whether the cot overturns.
Footholds
Seams in fabrics of multiple layers are not considered as footholds."
A foothold is established on a continuous structure when the four designated triangles on the template are entirely concealed by the structure under evaluation These triangles must share at least one side with another triangle, as illustrated in Figure 14.
This shaded area denotes one triangle; four shaded areas denote four covered triangles
Figure 14 — Examples of obscured triangles indicating a foothold on a continuous structure"
A foothold on a non-continuous structure is identified when two or more triangles marked on the template are entirely concealed between the template's edge and its bold lines by the structure being examined These triangles must share at least one side with each other, as illustrated in Figure 15.
This shaded area denotes one triangle
Figure 15 — Examples of obscured triangles on a foothold on a non-continuous structure"
5.3.1.4 Wire, thin structures and similar parts"
A foothold is present on a wire or thin structure if it extends beyond the bold lines on the template, as illustrated in Figure 16 Any wire, thin structure, or similar component with a maximum width of 5 mm must be inspected according to section 5.2.2.3.
This denotes a wire, thin structure or similar structure
Figure 16 — Example of a foothold on a wire, thin structure and similar part"
5.3.2.1 Footholds on a continuous structure at an angle less than 55°
To use the left or right hand template, position it with the marked face against any continuous structure that is inclined at an angle of less than 55° to the horizontal Adjust the orientation of the template, as shown in Figure 10, to verify if four triangles are obscured, as illustrated in Figure 17.
5.3.2.2 Footholds on a non-continuous structure at an angle of less than 55°
To use the left or right hand template, position it with the marked face on any non-continuous structure inclined at less than 55° to the horizontal Adjust the template, as shown in Figure 10, to verify if any triangles are hidden on either side of the bold lines indicated on the template; refer to Figure 18 for guidance.
5.3.2.3 Wire, thin structures or similar parts at an angle less than 55°
To use the left or right hand template, position it with the marked face against any wire or thin structure at an angle of less than 55° to the horizontal Verify that the wire or structure has a line of contact that aligns between the two bold lines on the template, as illustrated in Figure 10 For additional examples, refer to Figure 19.
5.3.2.4 Intersecting or adjacent structures where the second structure prevents slipping
To use the left or right hand template, position it with the marked face against any structure or thin part inclined between 55° and 80° to the horizontal, ensuring there is a supporting structure Adjust the template, as shown in Figure 10, to verify if any four triangles are hidden Refer to Figure 20 for illustrative examples.
Figure 17 — Examples of footholds on a continuous structure at an angle less than 55°"
Figure 19 — Examples of footholds on wire, thin structures and similar parts at an angle less than
Figure 20 — Example of footholds on intersecting or adjacent structures where the second structure prevents slipping 5.3.2.5 Flexible materials
When flexible materials or fabrics cover rigid components, the template must be pressed against the flexible material with a horizontal force of up to 30 N along its longitudinal axis Additionally, orient the template, as shown in Figure 10, to determine if any four triangles are hidden by the rigid components, which would indicate a foothold.
!Rigid components do not include fabrics, seams in fabrics of multiple layers."
5.3.3 Measurement of distance between footholds and/or top of cot sides and ends"
To measure the distance, assess the space between the top of any foothold and the top of the cot side and end in any direction, as illustrated in Figure 21 Footholds encompass the top of the cot base and the top of the mattress base, while excluding the top of the cot side and end.
When measuring from the mattress base, ensure that the test dummy (4.16) is positioned on the mattress base Measurements should be taken from the bottom of the test dummy.
Figure 21 — Example of measurement between footholds and/or top of cot sides and ends"
Measurements
Holes, gaps and openings inside the cot
Apply the specified force to the measuring probe (4.1) as outlined in Table 1, ensuring it is pressed between the mesh wires, the cot base slats, and the side slats, as well as between the cot base and the sides and ends.
Table 1 — Measuring probe diameters and applied forces
Holes, gaps and openings Cylindrical probe diameter in mm Cone diameter in mm Force in N
Shear and squeeze points 5 - No force
Shear and squeeze points 18 - No force
Mesh of sides and ends - 7 30
Diameter of holes, clearance between structural members - 45 No force
Diameter of holes, clearance between structural members - 65 30
Distance between cot base and sides and ends - 25 30
Slats of the cot base - 60 30
All other holes, gaps and openings 7 25 and 65 30
All other holes, gaps and openings 12 45 No force
Holes, gaps and openings on the outside of the cot
5.4.2.1 Completely bound holes, gaps and openings
To ensure thorough testing of completely bound openings, apply a maximum force of 30 N with the small head probe (4.14.1) If the probe successfully passes through, proceed to test the large head probe (4.14.2) with a force of up to 5 N Additionally, for openings with V or irregular shapes, follow the testing guidelines outlined in section 5.3.2.2.
5.4.2.2 Partially bound, V and irregular shaped holes, gaps and openings
Place the 'B' section of template (4.15) between and perpendicular to the opening's boundaries, as illustrated in Figure 23 or Figure 24 If the entire thickness of the template cannot be inserted, it poses no risk; however, if it can be fully inserted, a hazard exists, as indicated in Figure 22 and Figure 23.
If the template (4.15) can be inserted to a depth greater than the thickness of the template (45 mm), apply the
Align the center line of the template with the center line of the opening, ensuring that the template's plane is parallel to the opening Insert the template along the center line until it contacts the boundaries of the opening While contact with the bottom of the opening poses no hazard, contact with the sides of the template against the sides of the opening does present a hazard.
Figure 22 — Method of insertion of portion B"
Figure 23 — Method of insertion of portion B"
Figure 24 — Method of insertion of portion A"
Small parts
General
These tests are applicable only to small parts which are considered grippable by a child and which may fit wholly into the small parts cylinder (4.9)
A part is considered to be grippable by a child if it can grip the part between its thumb and forefinger or between its teeth
The tension test (5.4.3) shall be carried out after the torque test (5.4.2) and on the same part as used for the torque test.
Torque test
Gradually apply a clockwise torque to the component over a period of about 5 seconds until either a rotation of 180° from the initial position is achieved or a torque of 0.34 Nm is reached.
The maximum rotation or required torque shall be applied for (10 ± 2) s
The part shall then be allowed to return to a relaxed condition and the procedure repeated in an anticlockwise direction
When projections, parts, or assemblies are securely attached to a rod or shaft that is intended to rotate with them, it is essential to clamp the rod or shaft to prevent any unwanted rotation.
When a component secured by a screw thread loosens while the necessary torque is being applied, the torque should be maintained until either the required torque limit is surpassed, the component disassembles, or it becomes clear that disassembly is not possible.
When using clamps and test equipment care shall be taken not to damage the attachment mechanism or body or the part.
Tension test
Apply a tensile force to the part through a clamp or by other suitable means Apply a force of:
50 N where the largest accessible dimension is less than or equal to 6 mm;
90 N where the largest accessible dimension is greater than 6 mm
Apply the force gradually over approximately 5 s and maintain for (10 ± 2) s
If the part has become detached, check whether the part fits wholly within the small parts cylinder (4.9).
Bite test
The bite test is conducted in two stages: first, pinch the materials on the inside face of the cot rim with your fingers and attach the bite tester to "bite" the minimal amount of material necessary for all four teeth to make contact, applying a pulling force of 50 N for 10 seconds Second, open the jaws of the bite tester fully, push it horizontally onto the cot rim until it reaches the guide, allow the teeth to close on the cot rim, and again apply a pulling force of 50 N for 10 seconds.
The test procedure will be conducted at specific positions on the cot rim, including the center of the longest straight edge, the center of the longest radiused portion, the center of the smallest radiused portion, any joint or seam, and any other position deemed more demanding.
During the testing process, if the cot rim's outer material is punctured by teeth, remove it to reveal the underlying layer or filling Continue this procedure until the filling is inaccessible or no longer detaches The test must be stopped immediately upon any detachment of the filling.
A puncture is defined as the occurrence when at least one tooth of the bite tester penetrates through the entire thickness of the textile or plastic material being tested In cases where the bite tester is applied to loose weave or open mesh materials, a puncture is recognized when at least one tooth breaks part of the weave or mesh Conversely, if the teeth of the bite tester pass through a loose weave or open mesh without causing any damage, a puncture has not taken place.
5.7 ! Tests for cot base and mattress base "
5.7.1 Folding test of the mattress base and cot base
To test the bed base or mattress, apply a force of 50 N by either pulling or pushing it in a manner that is most likely to induce folding along the short or long side.
The force shall not be applied on any attachment device (e.g.: button, touch-and-close fastener, etc.)."
5.7.2 Strength of cot base and mattress base (impact test)"
Place the test mattress (4.3) flat on the cot base or mattress base
Drop the bottom impactor (4.2) 1 000 times, at a rate of not more than 30 times per min, through a distance of
The impacter is dropped freely from a height of 150 mm above the cot or mattress base onto the designated positions of the test mattress, allowing for unrestricted bouncing upon impact.
The impacter must avoid striking the test mattress at the same location when switching between impact points Additionally, the test mattress should not be utilized for more than five complete tests.
The impact points for testing are designated as follows: a) any corner; b) the weakest area on the bottom or, if none is identifiable, the corner diagonally opposite a); c) the center of one side; d) the center of one end; e) the center of the cot base; and f) if the cot base has multiple height positions with different support structures, it must also be tested at its highest position, specifically at the two diagonal corners that have not been previously tested.
The horizontal distance between the side of the impacter and the outer edge of the cot base or mattress base shall be 50 mm at points a, c, d, and f
Inspect the cot and mattress base by removing the test mattress to identify any broken parts or loosened fastenings.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1.
Strength of sides and ends
Static load test of ! deleted text " slats (bending test)
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with all the legs secured by stops (4.6) Prevent the cot from tilting
Apply a horizontal force of 250 N to a slat located in the middle, at the end, and to any other slat that may lead to failure The force should be directed along both the longitudinal and transverse axes of the cot, applied midway between the top and bottom of the slat, with a load duration of 30 seconds.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1 Record any break.
Strength of sides or side slats (impact test)
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with all legs secured by stops (4.6) Prevent the cot from tilting
Position the side impactor (4.4) to ensure that the impact occurs on the side slat or side from both external and internal directions, specifically at a height of 200 mm below the top edge of the side (refer to Figure 26).
One slat shall be hit from the outside, the next from the inside, and so forth Carry out the test first from the outside and subsequently from the inside
When evaluating cots with solid sides, impacts should be applied at ten evenly spaced points along the long sides and four evenly spaced points on the end sides, alternating the direction of impact from inside to outside the cot.
Swing the impacter freely from a horizontal position onto the side slat or side Repeat this process 10 times before moving the impacter to the next slat or point of impact Continue testing until all slats or previously designated points have been assessed.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1
Strength of corners (impact test)
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with all legs secured by stops (4.6) Prevent the cot from tilting
To ensure effective impact, position the impacter to strike the side frames as high and close to the corner post as possible, allowing it to swing freely at a 60° angle from the vertical Perform this procedure on each side member at every corner of the cot, delivering five impacts from inside and five from outside at each location.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1
Strength of mesh and flexible sides and ends (static load test)
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with the legs against stops (4.6) and the base in its lowest position
Position the retaining blocks (4.12) at the side or end to be tested, ensuring their front sides make contact with the upper edge of the cot from the outside, as shown in Figure 28, without exerting any force on the cot edge Secure the retaining blocks to a permanent or rigid structure, avoiding attachment to the cot itself to prevent any movement.
The distance between the retraining blocks shall be 400 mm
The force must be applied to each mesh or fabric side at the midpoint between the top and bottom edges, specifically at the most critical point, ensuring that the loading position aligns vertically with the center of the retaining blocks.
Apply a horizontal outward force of 250 N three times at each point on the cot side or end using a loading pad (4.5), and maintain this force for 30 seconds.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1 Record any break or loosened seam
Figure 28 — Example of applying the force at the mesh or fabric side"
Strength of frame and fastenings
Vertical static load test
Apply a vertical downwards force of 300 N as shown in !Figure 29" to the top of the cot side 10 times All sides and ends of different construction shall be tested
Carry out inspection according to 5.1
Figure 29 — Example of applying the load"
Durability test
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with all the legs secured by stops (4.6)
Place a 20 kg mass, which can be made up of multiple components, at the center of the bottom of the cot, covering an area of roughly 150 mm × 150 mm.
Apply a force of 100 N using loading pads and a device that can exert pressure on the cot in four horizontal directions This includes two forces in the longitudinal (AB) direction and two in the lateral (CD) direction, acting in opposition The durability forces will be applied for 2,000 cycles at each point sequentially, following the order A, B, C, D or A-B, then C-D, which constitutes one complete cycle.
The application points for forces A, B, C, and D must be positioned 50 mm from the intersection of the centrelines of the side members at their highest point, as illustrated in Figure 31.
Carry out inspection according to 5.1
Snag points
Place the cot base in its lowest position
This test shall be carried out using one hand only
To secure the weight (4.8) effectively, hold it in one hand and form an open loop with your fingers at the connection point between the test chain and the weight Position this loop over any potential snag point that can be reached from inside the cot Gradually lower the weight until the loop either catches on the snag point, allowing the weight to hang freely, or slides over the edge.
Carry out the test three times at each position
Record whether the loop of the test chain gets caught under the load of the spherical weight hanging freely.
Locking mechanisms
Durability
Operate (close and open) the locking mechanism 300 times
When applicable, measure the force needed for the operation In the case of revolving elements, measure the tangential force.
Strength
This test applies only to folding cots
Erect the cot in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
Position the cot on the floor (4.7) with the legs against stops (4.6) If the cot tends to tilt secure it in a manner which does not prevent folding
Apply a force of 200 N to the frame in the most onerous direction(s) trying to fold the cot For each direction, apply the force five times for 2 min each
Stability test
The test report must contain essential information, including a reference to the standard (!EN 716-2:2008+A1:2013), relevant data about the unit tested, a description of the unit's delivery condition, and test results as per clause 5 Additionally, it should outline any deviations from the standard, provide the name and address of the testing facility, and indicate the date of the test.
A- deviation: National deviation due to regulations, the alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of the CEN/ CENELEC member
This European Standard is not subject to any EU Directive In the applicable CEN/CENELEC countries, these A-deviations remain in effect in place of the European Standard until they are eliminated.
Children's cots available in the Swedish market must have a maximum gap of 25 mm between adjacent slats of the cot base According to the testing standards outlined in EN 716-2 + A1: 2013, it should be impossible for a 25 mm cone to fit through the space between these slats.
This is the interpretation of the Swedish Product Safety Act made by the Swedish Market Court in two court cases: MD 1991:30 and MD 2005:15
[1] EN 71-1:2005, Safety of Toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties
[2] EN 716-1, Children's cots and folding cots for domestic use — Part 1: Safety requirements