15HR e4 fm High pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe API SPECIFICATION 15HR FOURTH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2016 API MONOGRAM PROGRAM EFFECTIVE DATE AUGUST 1, 2016 ERRATA 1, AUGUST 2016 Special Notes API publicatio[.]
Coverage
This specification outlines the standards for safe, dimensionally, and functionally interchangeable high-pressure fiberglass line pipes, with pressure ratings ranging from 500 lbf/in² (3.45 MPa) to 5000 lbf/in² (34.5 MPa) The increments for pipes up to NPS 12 inches are set at 250 lbf/in² (1.72 MPa), while those exceeding NPS 12 inches are at 100 lbf/in² (0.69 MPa) It focuses on mechanical connections and details requirements for performance, design, materials, testing, inspection, marking, handling, storage, and shipping Additionally, it specifies critical components that must meet the outlined requirements.
This specification pertains to rigid pipe components constructed from thermosetting resins reinforced with glass fibers, including epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, and phenolic types It explicitly excludes thermoplastic resins, and any internal liners must also consist of thermosetting resins Additionally, fiberglass line pipes designed for low-pressure systems are addressed in API Spec 15LR.
This specification outlines the use of fiberglass pipe in the oil and gas industry, specifically addressing high-pressure line pipe along with associated components such as couplings, fittings, flanges, reducers, and adapters.
Application of the API Monogram
If product is manufactured at a facility licensed by API and it is intended to be supplied bearing the API Monogram, the requirements of Annex A apply.
The referenced documents are essential for applying this document For dated references, only the specified edition is relevant, while for undated references, the latest edition, including amendments, is applicable It is important to note that not all listed documents may be relevant to your specific requirements; therefore, consult the body of the standard for guidance on their specific application.
API Specification 5B, Specification for Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe
API Specification 5B, Specification for Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe
API Recommended Practice 5B1, Gauging and Inspection of Casing, Tubing and Line Pipe Threads
API Recommended Practice 15TL4, Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Fiberglass Tubulars
API Specification Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry
ANSI B16.5 1 , Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASTM D1599 2 , Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing and Fittings
1 American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43 rd Street, 4 th Floor, New York, New York 10036, www.ansi.org.
2 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www.astm.org.
ASTM D2105, Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube
ASTM D2992, Standard Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic of Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D3567, Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting
3 Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols
Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
Appurtenances that allow connecting components with different joining systems.
Any high-pressure line pipe, pipe connection, fitting, flange, adapter, reducer, or end of outlet connections covered by this specification.
A generic term for glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resins.
The midpoint of the inflection temperature of the DSC curve (heat flow vs temperature) for the first scan.
The hoop tensile stress divided by the hoop strain under the condition of uniaxial hoop tensile stress.
Refers to the firm, company, or corporation responsible for making and marking the product to warrant that this product conforms to the specification.
The maximum pressure that the pipe would be exposed to during service conditions, including normal and upset/ abnormal operating conditions.
The lowest average fiber reinforced wall thickness, excluding any internal liner and exterior resin layer thickness. NOTE See 8.4.6 for additional information.
A tape used to measure circumference.
The relationship between hoop strain and axial strain is determined using strain gauges when the tube is subjected to an axial load corresponding to the rated pressure of the sample.
The manufacturer’s standard joining system for straight pipe.
Components that allow pipes of different sizes to be connected.
Assignment of a unique code to each individual component to maintain traceability.
Examination of parts and equipment for visible defects in material and workmanship.
Abbreviations and Symbols
LTHS long-term hydrostatic strength
Service Conditions
The API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating ranges from 500 lbf/in² to 5000 lbf/in² (3.45 MPa to 34.5 MPa), with increments of 250 lbf/in² (1.72 MPa) for pipes up to NPS 12 inches and 100 lbf/in² (0.69 MPa) for pipes exceeding NPS 12 inches This standard is designed for a service life of 20 years and operates at a service temperature of 150 °F (65 °C).
3.1.1 c) the fluid environment is salt water.
Axial loads must account for end loads resulting from pressure and bending, ensuring that the ratio of the pipe's radius of curvature to its outside radius is at least 1200.
Cyclic pressure variation must encompass 3000 cycles ranging from 0% to 120% of the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating Additionally, it should include 10^9 cycles with an R value of 0.9, where R is defined as the minimum pressure divided by the maximum pressure.
Service conditions other than the API 15HR conditions are discussed in 6.1.2 and Annex B.
Unit Conversion
This specification uses USC units with metric units shown in parentheses Nominal sizes may be shown as fractions. Metric conversions are provided in Table 1.
The following factors were used where conversions are appropriate:
1 inch (in.) = 25.4 millimeters (mm) exactly
1 square inch (in 2 ) = 645.16 square millimeters (sq mm) exactly
1 pound per foot (lb/ft) = 1.4882 kilograms per meter (kg/m)
1 pound per square inch (psi) = 6.895 kilopascals (kPa) for pressure (1 Bar = 100 kPa)
1 foot-pound (ft-lb) = 1.3558 Joules (J) for impact energy
1 foot-pound (ft-lb) = 1.3558 Newton-meters (N⋅m) for torque Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C) = °C = 5 /9 (°F – 32) for absolute temperature conversion
Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C) = °C = 5 /9 (°F) for temperature rate change
Availability of Test Results
The manufacturer shall prepare a report as outlined in Table 1.
This report will be maintained by the manufacturer, and a copy will be provided to each purchaser upon request Deviations from the specified testing procedures will invalidate the test results as per API 15HR standards User companies have the right to witness representative testing of pipes and connections, observe the manufacturer's testing methods, or inspect the testing equipment.
Manufacturers must complete a report before presenting test results in verbal or written formats, including reports, articles, or advertisements, claiming compliance with API 15HR This report must be dated and certified by a management official Additionally, it is the manufacturer's responsibility to retain copies of the certified test results for at least five years after the product's manufacturing has ceased.
When presenting test results in reports, articles, or advertisements that reference API 15HR, it is essential to phrase the content in a way that does not suggest API endorses or disapproves of the use of the components in question.
General
This section provides recommended guidelines for inquiry and purchase of API 15HR pipe or component These guidelines consist of data sheets that should be completed by the purchaser.
The data sheet serves two key purposes: it helps buyers select the appropriate pipe or component and facilitates effective communication of specific needs and environmental information to the manufacturer, aiding in the design and production process.
Table 1—Outline of Report Requirements
6.1.2 Report in accordance with ASTM D2992 and 6.1.2.
6.1.3 Report in accordance with ASTM D2992 and 6.1.3.
6.1.4 Report in accordance with ASTM D1599 and 6.1.4.
6.1.5 Report in accordance with ASTM D1599 and 6.1.5.
6.4.1 Report in accordance with ASTM D2992 and calculation of requalification long-term hydrostatic strength (LTHS).
9.1 c) Report in accordance with manufacturers written test procedure.
9.1 d) Report in accordance with Annex C.
9.1 e) Report in accordance with Annex C.
9.1 f) Report in accordance with Annex D.
8.1 g) Report in accordance with ASTM D2105.
9.1 h) Report in accordance with ASTM D1599.
9.2 For each qualified pipe, include a table showing inside diameter, minimum reinforced wall thickness, and hoop stress rated pressure.
Annex E For all qualified components product characteristics outlined in Annex E.
Manufacturer’s Table A table listing all qualified components by size and pressure rating.
A copy of the data sheet should be completed as accurately as possible A copy of the data sheet should then be attached to the purchase order or request for proposal.
Figure 1 provides a format that may be used to document service conditions and requirements for ordering high- pressure fiberglass components.
Figure 1 serves as an illustrative example, and each company is encouraged to create its own tailored approach This information is not intended to be comprehensive or definitive, and API disclaims any warranties, whether express or implied, regarding reliance on or omissions from the content of this document.
Pressure Ratings
It is recommended that the pipe be purchased by pressure rating The user should purchase pipe suitable for the specific service conditions.
Components
Components, other than pipe, should be ordered on the basis of thread size and pressure rating.
Performance Requirements
All performance pressure testing for sections 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 must utilize water as the internal test fluid This water can either be fresh potable water or salt water, provided it contains no more than 4.7 oz/gal (35 g/L) of table salt, which is the average salinity found in typical sea water.
The published API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating shall be determined by the following method.
ASTM D2992 Procedure B requires testing at temperatures of 150 °F (65 °C) or higher, with free ends For specimens that fail after 6000 hours, a prime connection must be established at the center of each specimen The distribution of failure points and the number of samples should adhere to the specifications outlined in Table 2.
Failures under 10 hours should be excluded from regression analysis Regression testing conducted before the 4th Edition of API 15HR, which includes data points under 10 hours, can be recalibrated by omitting these points A minimum of 18 failures is permitted, provided the remaining dataset meets the distribution criteria outlined in Table 2.
The test sample must have a nominal diameter of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm) and an outside diameter to minimum reinforced wall thickness ratio of 20 or less for unlimited scaling If the ratio exceeds 20, the tested ratio will serve as the lower limit for scaling Samples should be assembled following the manufacturer's documented make-up procedure Additionally, any ASTM D2992 test initiated after September 15, 1988, must include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data for each sample as per Annex H.
Figure 1—Example Form for Ordering High-pressure Fiberglass Components
API Monogram required? Yes No
Project(s) and location(s): Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP): _ Field Hydro Test Pressure (psi): _ Temperature ranges anticipated: _ Minimum ambient temperature: Maximum fluid temperature: Anticipated composition of fluids: CO 2 _ ppm
H 2 S _ ppm Hydrocarbon Analysis (Gas, Oil) Salt Water _%
Other Anticipated future operations that would affect pressure, temperature, or fluid content:
(e.g hot-oiling) _ Future operating parameters: _ Will inhibitors be used?
If yes, what type? _ Anticipated flow rates: BPD oil/condensate
MCF/D gas BPD salt water Will erosion be a concern? _ Cause: _ Operator or third-party witness? Yes No
Delivery requirements: Special shipping, packing, and storage instructions: _ Additional customer notes: _ Technical contact in buyer’s organization: _ Phone: _
The API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating is determined using a specific equation, with results rounded down to the nearest integer multiple of 250 lbf/in² (1.72 MPa) for nominal pipe sizes (NPS) of 12 inches or less, and 100 lbf/in² (0.69 MPa) for NPS greater than 12 inches.
P r is the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating in lbf/in.2 (MPa) gauge;
S s is the 95 % lower confidence limit (LCL) of the LTHS at 20 years in accordance with ASTM D2992
Procedure B at 150 °F (65 °C) or higher in lbf/in 2 (MPa);
S f is the 0.67 service (design) factor (see Annex B); t is the minimum reinforced wall thickness, in (mm);
D is the average diameter (OD − t) or (ID + t), in (mm): where
ID is the inner diameter of the reinforced wall;
OD is the outer diameter of the reinforced wall.
Scaling based on the LCL shall be done using Equation 1.
When conducting a single regression test, the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating is determined by that test and is applicable up to the tested temperature Additional regression tests may also be performed, subject to specific rules.
1) Pressure ratings at temperatures between the test temperatures shall be based on a linear interpolation between closest two temperatures at which tests have been conducted No extrapolation beyond the
(hours) API 15HR Number of Failures
NOTE Differs from ASTM D2992 Procedure B as no regression data beyond 10,000 hours is specifically required by API 15HR.
Data is accessible at specific temperatures, and the pressure rating must be determined based on the lowest temperature for which data exists.
2) The API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating shall be at 150 °F (65 °C) This rating shall be based on data at
150 °F (65 °C) if available; otherwise, this rating shall be interpolated from data above and below 150 °F (65 °C).
3) The hydrostatic mill test pressure (see 8.4.1) shall be based on the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating.
For fittings, the following requirements must be met: Test the highest anticipated pressure class for the 4 in (101.6 mm) size and its pipe and prime connection, ensuring the test temperature is 150 °F (65 °C) or higher Conduct pressure tests on six fittings of each type, with the option to use a 90° fitting to qualify all elbows and couplings Each fitting must be joined to the pipe following the manufacturer's documented make-up procedure, with thread dimensions and DSC T recorded as per Annex F End caps should be unrestrained, with at least 12 in (304.8 mm) of pipe between the end enclosure and the fitting The assembly for each average time to failure must be tested at the same pressures, aiming for two failures in specified time ranges.
To ensure compliance with ASTM D2992, calculate a pressure regression line and extrapolate the results to a 20-year period The extrapolated 20-year value must meet or exceed the 20-year 95% lower confidence limit (LCL) for the corresponding pressure class pipe.
6.1.4 Fitting Short-term Failure Pressure
For the fitting short-term failure pressure, two untested fittings of identical size, construction, and pressure class must be tested as outlined in section 6.1.3, including the recording of thread dimensions and DSC T gvalues The fittings should be tested according to ASTM D1599 (unrestrained ends) at ambient temperatures ranging from 65 °F to 80 °F (18 °C to 27 °C) Additionally, the burst ratio must be established in accordance with section 6.1.5, ensuring that other sizes and pressure classes of components meet or exceed the ratios defined in that section.
To demonstrate the burst pressure capability of components, pressure testing must be conducted on two samples of each size, type, and pressure rating in accordance with ASTM D1599 (free end) Both samples should be assembled following the manufacturer's documented make-up procedures It is essential to record thread dimensions, including taper, lead, angle, height, length, chamfer, stand-off, and minimum reinforced wall thickness Testing should occur at ambient temperature, and the ratio (R 4 ) for 4 in (101.6 mm) components is specifically defined.
R 4 is the ratio of average failure pressure and API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating for 4 in (101.6 mm) component;
P b4 is the failure pressure (ASTM D1599, free end) of untested 4 in (101.6 mm) component qualified in accordance with 6.1.5;
P r4 is the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating for the 4 in (101.6 mm) component qualified in accordance with 6.1.4.
The API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating for other sizes of components shall meet the following criteria from:
P r is the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating for component;
P b is the failure pressure of component in accordance with ASTM D1599 (free end).
Dimensions
Full-length joints of pipe shall be in lengths according to the following schedule measured to the nearest 1 ft (0.305 m).
Jointers, which are two pieces joined together to achieve a standard length, must not exceed 5% of the total length of joints in the order Additionally, each length used to create a jointer must be at least 5 feet (1.52 meters).
Tolerances on inside diameter, total wall thickness, minimum reinforced wall thickness, and outside diameter are defined in Table 3.
Table 3 does not aim to exclude or restrict nominal diameters that are not specified Until larger diameter dimensions are standardized and published in API 15HR, the minimum inside diameter for unlisted sizes must be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser or user and the manufacturer.
Flange bolt circle and face dimensions shall be in accordance with ANSI B16.5.
15 ft to 21 ft 21 ft to 34 ft 34 or more ft
Threaded End Connections
Pipe shall be furnished as specified in the purchase order, with any of the following end finishes: a) threaded and coupled, b) threaded ends without couplings, c) integral joints, d) alternate pipe thread.
Standard thread design must adhere to API 5B, 15th Edition, specifically regarding thread dimensions outlined in Table 7 and Table 14 For this specification, the lengths L2 and L4 in these tables are considered minimum dimensions, and any additional threads should be added to the tube side of the thread.
–0 % Outside diameter, D, is governed by the inside diameter and wall thickness.
Nominal Sizes in (mm) Minimum Inside Diameter in (mm)
16 (406.4) 14.3 (363.2) b) Thread tolerances are defined in Table 5 and Table 11 of API 5B, 15th Edition. c) Round threads shall have a fully rounded thread root and crest as conceptually illustrated in Figure 4 and Figure
According to API 5B, 15th Edition, the specifications for round threads are as follows: for 8 round threads, the thread root radius must be 0.017 in ±0.0015 in (0.4318 mm ±0.0381 mm) and the thread crest radius must be 0.020 in ±0.0015 in (0.508 mm ±0.0381 mm) For 10 round threads, the thread root radius is specified as 0.014 in ±0.0015 in (0.3556 mm ±0.0381 mm) and the thread crest radius as 0.017 in ±0.0015 in (0.4318 mm ±0.0381 mm) Additionally, threads for the 10 in (254 mm) size must comply with Table 6 of API 5B, 15th Edition.
Alternate pipe connections are permitted and must be marked with the letters A.C following the "15HR" or API Monogram These connections must also comply with the performance standards outlined in this specification.
6.3.4 Gauging Practice for Threads and Pipe Connections
The following shall apply for gauging practice for thread and pipe connections. a) Gauging Practice for Standard Threads—the manufacturer shall have working gauges calibrated and traceable to
The calibration of working gauges must adhere to API 5B and the quality management system, ensuring that all gauges are maintained to meet the acceptable standards for product threads as specified Manufacturers are required to document critical inspection criteria and establish methods for inspecting non-standard "AC joints," including access to master gauges for calibration The use of master gauges for checking product threads should be limited to unresolved disputes, with careful handling during assembly on product threads.
Reconfirmation
6.4.1 Reconfirmation Tests for Pipe and Prime Connection
Changes to previously qualified systems, as outlined in Annex E, necessitate specific minimum tests First, the long-term static LTHS must be verified at a temperature of 150 °F (65 °C) or higher, following the abridged ASTM D2992 after any modifications Additionally, the Procedure B (free end) test, as detailed in Section 12 of ASTM D2992, must be conducted, with test samples assembled according to the manufacturer's documented make-up procedure Furthermore, test samples should have a nominal diameter of no less than 2 inches (50.8 mm), adhering to the same outside diameter to reinforced wall ratio (D/t) constraints specified in section 6.1.2 for reconfirmation.
6.4.2 Reconfirmation Tests for Other Components
The reconfirmation tests of 6.1.3, 6.1.4, and 6.1.5 shall be repeated after any change as described in Annex E.
7 Process of Manufacture and Material
Process of Manufacture
Pipes manufactured according to this specification will utilize filament winding or centrifugal casting techniques Additionally, components produced under this specification may be created using compression molding, centrifugal casting, filament winding, or resin transfer molding methods.
Materials
The reinforced wall of pipe and components shall consist of thermosetting polymers reinforced with glass fibers. Acceptable polymers may include epoxy resins, polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins.
Other resins and reinforcements shall be considered for inclusion in this standard when evidence is presented to show that they are suitable for the applications covered by this standard.
Quality Manual
The manufacturer shall maintain a quality manual All prior revisions shall be retained for a period of not less than 5 years.
Process Control Requirements
The manufacturer must establish and uphold a process documentation program to ensure that approved manufacturing procedures are effectively communicated to qualified personnel in receiving, manufacturing, and quality control, along with their supervisors This program should encompass key functions such as raw material acceptance, allowable mixing procedures, fabrication practices, and curing procedures.
The manufacturing company is required to keep copies of the document for at least five years after the product is no longer being manufactured.
Quality Control Equipment
Equipment for inspecting, testing, or examining materials must be identified, controlled, calibrated, and adjusted at specified intervals according to documented manufacturer instructions and relevant industry standards to ensure the required accuracy is maintained.
Dimensional measuring equipment shall be controlled and calibrated by the manufacturer’s written specification.
Pressure measuring devices, including pressure gauges and transducers, must maintain an accuracy of 2.0% of the full scale range or better Manufacturers are required to possess or have access to a dead weight testing device Additionally, all pressure measuring devices should be calibrated biannually to ensure accuracy, or recalibrated if they experience unusual or severe conditions that may affect their precision.
Quality Control Tests
All pipe components and lengths, including jointers, must undergo hydrostatic testing at the manufacturer's facility after full curing The test pressure should be 1.5 times the standard pressure rating and maintained for at least two minutes It is essential that no visual leaks or weeps are present in the pipes, components, or end connections The testing process must include an attached coupling or integral joint without restrained ends, and the test temperature should be ambient.
8.4.2 Degree of Cure (Determination of T g )
The degree of cure must be assessed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as outlined in Annex F, with testing occurring at least once per shift for each resin system at every manufacturing facility Additionally, DSC tests are required for fittings at a rate of one test per 100 units, regardless of their size, type, or pressure rating It is essential that the glass transition temperature (Tg) does not exceed specified limits.
9 °F (5 °C) below the minimum values measured in 6.1.2 and 6.1.5 This may be the same fitting used in 8.4.3.
Short-time hydraulic failure pressure testing must adhere to ASTM D1599 (free end) and involves a complete fiberglass connection The failure pressure should exceed the published short-time hydraulic pressure specified in section 9.1 h) and be greater than 85% of the minimum failure pressure determined in accordance with section 6.1.3 Testing is required at a minimum frequency of one test per lot, where a pipe lot consists of 5000 ft (1525 m) or a fraction thereof for a single size and wall thickness in continuous production For other components, a lot is defined as 100 units, regardless of size, type, or pressure rating.
All pipe furnished to this specification shall meet the visual inspection limits in Table 4.
If a component does not meet the specified requirements 8.4.2 and 8.4.3, the manufacturer can retest two additional components from the same lot If both retest specimens pass, the entire lot is accepted However, if either or both fail, the lot is rejected, and the manufacturer may choose to test the remaining components individually.
Total wall thickness must be measured using a caliper, eddy current thickness gauge, or pi tape on the outer diameter, with calculations based on the inner diameter for each joint away from the upset The minimum reinforced wall thickness should be determined and reported according to ASTM D3567-97, sections 7.3.2 and 7.5.2, for every lot The average reinforced wall thickness of any pipe cross-section, assessed through six observations per ASTM D3567-97, must meet or exceed the manufacturer's published minimum value This requirement also applies to qualification and verification activities, with total and reinforced wall tolerances specified in Table 3.
Burn Thermal decomposition evidenced by distortion or discoloration of the surface 20 % area—lightly blemished; 5 % area—moderate burn of outer resin layer structural roving.
Chip Small piece broken from edge or surface Permitted if laminate has not been fractured.
Crazing Fine cracks at or under the surface as seen by the unaided eye None permitted.
Cut roving Broken or cut outer rovings due to scraping or scuffing or manufacturing process.
Maximum 3 per pipe with 1 in 2 (25.4 mm 2 ) Maximum 6 such that the wall thickness is not reduced below minimum.
Dry spot Area where reinforcement was not thoroughly wet with resin None permitted.
Rupture of laminate without complete penetration
Visible as lighter colored area of interlaminar separation.
Pits (pinholes) Small craters in the surface Maximum 1 /16 in (1.5875 mm) deep, no limit on number. Resin drip Resin protrusion Maximum 1 /8 in (3.175 mm) high, no limit on number.
Restriction Any restriction: paste, epoxy or wax, lump, foreign matter in ID of pipe None permitted.
Scratch Shallow mark caused by improper handling No limit on number if reinforcement is not exposed If reinforcement is exposed, use cut roving.
Inclusions Foreign matter wound into laminate None permitted.
Air bubbles Small bubbles at crest of threads Maximum size 1 /8 in (3.175 mm), 1 permitted per thread
Maximum size 1 /16 in (1.5875 mm), 10 permitted per thread.
Chips Areas where over 10 % of thread height is removed Maximum 3 /8 in (9.525 mm) long, 1 permitted per thread outside the L c area None are permitted in L c area.
Cracks In direction of thread axis None permitted.
The flat thread area allows for a maximum length of 3/8 inch (9.525 mm) where the top of the thread is either broken or ground off Only one such imperfection is permitted per thread outside the Lc area, and it must not exceed 10% of the thread height However, no imperfections are allowed within the Lc area.
Squareness Angle perpendicular to thread, axis Maximum 1 /16 in (1.5875 mm) variation in end.
Finish Finish cut end No sharp edges No exposed loose fiber No protrusions
Threads must be measured according to API 5B1 standards, with a minimum gauging frequency of once per lot Additionally, the first article produced from a new mold should also undergo inspection.
Inspection and Rejection
When stated on the purchase order, the provisions of Annex G shall apply.
Quality Control Records Requirements
The quality control records required by this specification are necessary to substantiate that all materials and products made to meet this specification do conform to the specified requirements.
For effective records control, quality control records must be legible, identifiable, retrievable, and safeguarded against damage, deterioration, or loss Manufacturers are required to retain these records for a minimum of five years from the date of manufacture, and all records must be signed and dated to ensure accountability.
8.6.3 Records to be Maintained by Manufacturer
Test results shall be in accordance with 8.4.
Published Properties
In pipe system design, certain essential properties, although not explicitly required, must be tested and published by the manufacturer These include the maximum rated temperature, the LTHS and LCL values, and the thermal coefficient of expansion in the axial direction across specified temperature ranges Additionally, the hoop tensile modulus and Poisson’s ratio for both hoop and axial tensile loads must be determined at 73.4 °F (23 °C) and the maximum rated temperature, following the guidelines in Annexes C and D The axial tensile modulus of elasticity should also be measured at these temperatures in accordance with ASTM D2105, along with the short-term hydraulic failure pressure of the pipe connection as per ASTM D1599.
Published Dimensions
Manufacturers are required to disclose essential details for each qualified product, including the nominal inner diameter (ID), nominal outer diameter (OD), nominal coupled weight, maximum coupling or integral joint outside diameter, nominal wall thickness, and minimum reinforced wall thickness.
Methods
Components produced according to this specification must be marked by the manufacturer as outlined in section 10.2 Additional markings requested by the purchaser or desired by the manufacturer are allowed The markings should be applied using paint, ink stencil, decals, or a combination of these methods, ensuring they do not overlap and do not damage the pipe or couplings These markings must remain legible for three years while in storage from the manufacturing date and should be placed on the pipe between 1 ft and 3 ft (0.305 m to 0.91 m) from the box connection.
Marking Requirements
Components must be clearly marked with essential information, including the manufacturer's name or mark, the designation "15HR" (with A.C notation if applicable), nominal size, a unique identification number for serialization, the API 15HR standard pressure rating, the date of manufacture, and the API 15HR standard temperature rating of 150 °F (65 °C) Additionally, any extra information requested by the purchaser, such as ratings at higher temperatures, should also be included.
11 Handling, Packaging, Storing, and Shipping Requirements
Coupling Make-up and Thread Compounds
All couplings must be threaded onto the pipe following the manufacturer's documented procedure, either handling-tight or shipped separately as specified in the purchase order A thread lubricant or sealant should be applied to fully cover the engaged threads of both the coupling and the pipe prior to making the joint The type of lubricant or sealant and the make-up procedure must align with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Thread Protectors
The manufacturer must use external and internal closed end thread protectors to safeguard the ends and exposed threads of pipes, couplings, and fittings from damage during handling and transportation These protectors should prevent foreign matter, such as dirt, from contaminating the threads and ends during storage Made from plastic, the protector material must not contain any compounds that could harm the threads or cause the protectors to adhere to them, and it should be suitable for service temperatures ranging from –50 °F to +150 °F (–45.55 °C to +65.55 °C).
Flange Face Protectors
Manufacturers shall apply flange face protectors to all flange faces in accordance with standard industry practice.
Packaging, Shipping, and Handling Requirements
Manufacturers shall comply with API 15TL4.
The field pressure test should be set at 1.25 times the maximum system design pressure, as outlined in ASME B31.4 – 437.4.3 for hydrocarbon lines It is crucial that this test does not surpass 1.25 times the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating indicated on the pipe and components to prevent excessive stress from the factory hydrostatic mill test In situations where the field test pressure may exceed this limit, consultation with the manufacturer is recommended Additionally, the pressure should be measured at the lowest elevation within the piping system.
Additional axial stress on a pipe system can arise from bending radius and thermal effects during installation When combined axial stress nears long-term limits, conducting a thorough stress analysis is advisable to establish the maximum allowable field test pressure.
See API 15TL4 for test duration.
Use of API Monogram by Licensees
The API Monogram ® is a registered certification mark owned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and is licensed by the API Board of Directors The API Monogram Program allows product manufacturers to use the API Monogram on new products that meet specific product specifications and are produced under a quality management system compliant with API Q1 requirements A comprehensive, searchable list of all Monogram licensees is available on the API Composite List website (www.api.org/compositelist).
The API Monogram and license number on products signify a warranty from the licensee to both API and product purchasers, confirming that the products were produced under a quality management system compliant with API Q1 standards Licenses for the API Monogram are granted only after a thorough on-site audit verifies that an organization has established and consistently upholds a quality management system that meets API Q1 requirements, ensuring that the products adhere to the relevant API specifications and standards While any manufacturer can assert that their products meet API requirements, only those with an API license are authorized to display the API Monogram on their products.
This annex outlines the criteria for organizations seeking to voluntarily acquire an API license, enabling them to offer API monogrammed products that meet the relevant API product specifications and standards, as well as the requirements of the API Monogram Program.
For information on becoming an API Monogram Licensee, please contact API, Certification Programs, 1220 L Street,
N W., Washington, DC 20005 or call 202-682-8145 or by email at certification@api.org.
API Specification Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Product Manufacturing for the
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry
A newly manufactured product by an API licensee adheres to a fully implemented API Q1 compliant quality management system, ensuring it meets all specified requirements of the relevant API product specifications and standards.
Requirements, including performance and licensee-specified requirements, set forth in API Q1 and the applicable API product specification(s) and or standard(s).
NOTE Licensee-specified requirements include those activities necessary to satisfy API specified requirements.
A prescribed set of rules and requirements for a specific product includes definitions of terms, classification of components, and detailed procedures It outlines specified dimensions, manufacturing criteria, material requirements, and performance testing Additionally, it encompasses the design of activities and the measurement of quality and quantity related to materials, products, processes, services, and practices.
Organization that has successfully completed the application and audit process and has been issued a license by API.
Records and documents required to provide evidence that the applicable product has been designed in accordance with API Q1 and the requirements of the applicable product specification(s) and/or standard(s).
An organization applying the API Monogram to products shall develop, maintain, and operate at all times a quality management system conforming to API Q1.
A.5 Control of the Application and Removal of the API Monogram
Each licensee must manage the application and removal of the API Monogram according to specific guidelines Products failing to meet API requirements are prohibited from displaying the API Monogram Additionally, licensees are required to create and uphold a marking procedure that outlines the monogramming requirements detailed in this annex, as well as any relevant API product specifications or standards.
1) define the authority responsible for application and removal of the API Monogram;
2) define the method(s) used to apply the API Monogram;
3) identify the location on the product where the API Monogram is to be applied;
4) require the application of the licensee's license number and date of manufacture of the product in conjunction with the use of the API Monogram;
The date of manufacture must consist of at least two digits for the month and two digits for the year (e.g., 05-12 for May 2012), unless specified otherwise in the relevant API product specifications or standards.
The application of additional API product specifications and marking requirements is essential Only licensed API licensees are permitted to use the API Monogram and its designated license number on products eligible for the monogram The API Monogram license is specific to a site, meaning it can only be applied at the licensed facility location The monogram may be applied at any suitable time during production; however, it must be removed if the product is found to be non-compliant with the relevant API specifications and standards, in accordance with the licensee's marking procedures.
Alternative API Monogram marking procedures may be permissible for specific manufacturing processes or product types The API Policy outlines the requirements for these alternative marking methods.
Program Alternative Marking of Products License Agreement, available on the API Monogram Program website at http://www.api.org/alternative-marking.
Licensees and applicants for licensing must keep an up-to-date design package for all products covered by their Monogram license This design package must include objective evidence demonstrating that the product design complies with the latest API product specifications Additionally, these design packages should be accessible during API facility audits.
In specific instances, the exclusion of design activities is allowed under the Monogram Program, as detailed in
Advisory # 6, available on API Monogram Program website at http://www.api.org/advisories.
The API Monogram Program identifies facilities capable of manufacturing equipment that meets API specifications and standards Licensing may be denied or suspended based on a facility's manufacturing capabilities If necessary, API can conduct additional audits of subcontractors, at the organization's expense, to verify compliance with relevant API product specifications and standards.
A.8 API Monogram Program: Nonconformance Reporting
API requests information on products that do not meet specified requirements and any field failures attributed to specification deficiencies or nonconformities Customers are encouraged to report issues with API monogrammed products Nonconformances can be reported through the API Nonconformance Reporting System at http://compositelist.api.org/ncr.asp.
A more comprehensive approach is being considered for assessing the pressure performance of pipe and prime connections The overall service factor, denoted as S f in Equation 1, will be calculated as the product of individual service factors This adjustment allows for the modification of the API 15HR Standard Pressure Rating to accommodate specific applications that do not meet the defined standard conditions.
S f is the overall service (design) factor used in Equation 1;
SF C is the service factor for cyclic pressure variations, which will be based on results of a test program currently being defined;
SF E is the service factor for environment, which will be based on a test program being evaluated;
SF L is the service factor for design life, which will be defined by:
LCL at a higher temperature may be substituted for LCL @ 150 °F (65 °C);
SF T is the service factor for temperature, which will be defined by:
LCL at a higher temperature may be substituted for LCL @ 150 °F (65 °C).