Aspects Of Connected Speech - Group 5.Pptx

Aspects of connected speech The WitchThe Witch Nguyễn Thị Thư – GROUP 5 SCORESCORESCORE 012345678901234567890123456789 012345678901234567890123456789 012345678901234567890123456789 BANHÌNHẤT ? BANHÌNH[.]

Trang 1

The Witch

Nguyễn Thị Thư – GROUP 5

Trang 2

SCORE SCORE

SCORE

0 0

?

BA NHÌ NHẤT

?

Trang 3

01 02 03 04

Trang 5

+20 pts

- 10 pts

Trang 7

+20 pts

Trang 11

+10 pts

- 10 điểm +50 pts

Trang 13

1 2 3 4 A

B

C

D

Pick 4 boxes Note: 3 types of bombs that deducte pts:

Green diamond +5

pts Purple diamond

+20 pts

Gold cup +100pts

-2

Trang 15

- 10 pts +20 pts +50 pts

Trang 19

+20 pts +50 pts - 10 pts +10 pts

Trang 21

1 2 3 4 A

B

C

D

+20 pts

-2

Trang 23

- 10 pts +20 pts

+50 pts

Trang 25

- 10 pts +20 pts +70 pts

Trang 27

1 2 3 4 A

B

C

D

+20 pts

-2

Trang 28

ASPECTS OF CONNECTED

SPEECH Group 5

-04/04/ 21

Trang 31

Many words affect each other when you put them into phrases and sentences

The end sound of one word often affects the beginning of the next word

Nguyễn Đặng Anh Thư

Trang 32

-THEORY

Trang 33

01

Trang 34

-1.1 DEFINITION

The idea of rhythm is to have noticeable events

happening at regular intervals of time

Rhythm can be noticed in flashing light,

heartbeat, or a piece of music,…

In human speech, rhythm is created when

stressed syllables occur at regular intervals

The time between one stressed syllable and another is

relatively the same irrespective of any unstressed

syllables in between

Trang 35

-1.2 STRESS-TIMED RHYTHM

Trang 36

• He has been liv ing a lone for ma ny

years

• live lone ma years

Trang 37

-What will happen if our rhythm is exact?

-Our rhythm will be mechanical, not natural

Human beings do not normally speak with exactly the

same intervals between stressed syllables

What makes the time relative not exact could be the number of unstressed syllables between each stressed

syllable & another

Trang 38

RHYTHM UNIT

A unit with a stressed

syllable as its center and

any unstressed syllables

which may come before

and after it is called a

rhythm unit

1.3 RHYTHM UNIT

The foot is a unit of rhythm that begins with a stressed syllable and includes all following unstressed syllables up to (but not including) the following stressed syllable —Example:

|Move the re |frigerator to the |left.

Trang 39

-RULES OF DIFINING RHYTHM

If the unstressed syllable is part of the same word as the stressed syllable they belong to the same foot

2.

Any unstressed syllable at the beginning of a word group must go together with the following stress group

1.

—Example: My pleasure.

—Example: I'm going home today for Easter.

Trang 40

-RULES OF DIFINING RHYTHM

If the unstressed syllable is closely connected

grammatically to other stressed words, although not a

part of that word, they belong to the same rhythm

Whenever you are in doubt as to which rhythm unit

unstressed syllables belong to, put them after a

stressed syllable, rather than before it 4.

—Example: She gave me a strange look

—Example: My brother is taller than yours.

Trang 41

We already ate / grandma

(telling grandma that you already

ate)

We already ate grandma

(telling us that you ate your

grandma)

Be careful! Different rhythms bring different meanings even wrong meanings we want

Trang 42

Trang 43

-Identify the stressed timing in the following sentences

and show which ones have the same stressed timing?

Rhythm plays an important role in speaking

English

Jack ate some corn

I am going to make an offer he can't refuse

They'll visit the department tomorrow

She teaches Vietnamese to foreigners

My grandmother really enjoyed the party

Trang 44

2 & 6 (4 STRESSED SYLLABLES)

4 & 5 (3 STRESSED SYLLABLES)

Trang 45

02

Nguyễn Hà Thu

Trang 46

-2.1 DEFINITION

Assimilation is the process that takes place

when one sound adapts itself to become

similar to a neighboring sound in one or

more aspects In other words,

assimilation is the influence of one

phoneme, so that they become more alike

Trang 47

cupboard [ˈkʌbərd ]

goodbye [ɡʊbˈbaɪ]

cats [kæts]

Trang 48

Assimilation

of voice

-2.2 KINDS OF ASSIMILATION ACROSS WORD BOUNDARIES

Trang 49

2.2.1 ASSIMILATION

OF PLACE

Trang 50

That person [ðæppɝː.sən]

Trang 51

Ten mobiles [tem'moubail]Main thing [meim'θiη]

Seen Mary [siːm/ mer.i]

Trang 52

-Alveolar + velar => velar

Trang 53

-Alveolar + dental => dentalized

Eight [eɪt̪θ] Width [wɪd̪θ] Tell that [tɛl̪ ðæʔ]

Trang 54

-/s/ becomes /ʃ/

before /ʃ/ or /j/

Dress shop [dreʃ ʃɒp]

Miss you [mɪʃuː]

Nice yacht [naɪʃɑːt]

Would you [wʊdʒuː]

Hate you [heɪtʃu:]

She needs your help [ʃiː

niːdʒɔːhelp]

Alveolar + alveolar or palatal =>

palato-alveolar

Trang 55

Trang 56

-Exercise 1: Find out the rules of assimilation in these sentences:

1 She is considered as a good girl in our class.

2 Can you see that car over there?

3 You should buy some flowers.

4 I have just seen Mary.

5 There are ten mobiles on the desks.

Trang 57

-1 She is considered as a good girl in our class.

/gʊdɡɝːl/ [gʊgɡɝːl] /d/ stands before velar consonant /k,g/ ->/g/

2 Can you see that car over there?

/ðæt kɑ:/ [ðæk kɑ:] /t/ stands before velar consonants /k,g/ ->/k/

3 You should buy some flowers.

/ʃʊdbaɪ/ [ʃʊbbaɪ] /d/ stands before bilabial consonants /b, p, m, w/

->/b/

4 I have just seen Mary.

/siːnmer.i/ [siːmmer.i] /n/ stands before bilabial consonants /b, p, m, w/

-> /m/

5 There are ten mobiles on the desks.

/ten'moubail/ [tem'moubail] /n/ stands before bilabial consonants /b, p, m,

w/->/m/ Nguyễn Hà Thu

Trang 59

OF MANNER

Hoàng Thị Thu

Trang 60

Assimilation of manner refers to

case in which one sound changes

the manner of it is articulation to

become similar in manner to a

neighboring sound

Trang 61

Assimilation of manner is

usually heard in very rapid

speech or very informal

Trang 62

That sound /ðæt saʊnd/ [ðæssaʊnd]

Get some /ɡet sʌm/ [ɡessʌm]

Word Original

transcription

Assimilation

That zone /ðæt zəʊn/ [ðæzzəʊn] Best zoo /best zu:/ [beszzu:]

Trang 63

/ ɡʊd zəʊn/ [ɡʊzzəʊn] Had zing /hæd zɪŋ/ [hæzzɪŋ]

Trang 64

Set name /set neɪm/ [senneɪm]

Last night /la:st nait/ [la:snnait]

Trang 65

/riːd ðiː / [riːddiː ]

- Dentalized

Trang 66

OF VOICE

Trang 67

-DEFINITION

-—Example:

I leave today/liː v təˈdeɪ/

 /liː ftəˈdeɪ/

Assimilation of voice may refer to

assimilation involving the feature

[+/- voice] If Cf is voiced and Ci is

voiceless, the voiced consonant

often has no voicing

Trang 68

- Assimilation of voicing is found in a limited way, only regressive assimilation.

- Voiceless + voice

=> No assimilation

Characteristic

Trang 70

Trang 71

-Ex1: What is the pronunciation of these words after

Trang 72

-Ex2: Find out the rules of assimilation in these

sentences:

4 My father used to smoke

Key: used to/ juː zd tu/  [ juːsttu]

5 They just told us a sad news

Key: sad news /sæ d njuːz/  [sænnjuːz]

1 I have to go now

Key: have to/ hæ v tu: /  [hæftu: ]

2 That store is decorated

Trang 73

03

Nguyễn Thị Thoa

Trang 74

-DEFINITION The nature of

Trang 75

The final /d/, so that

phonetically it reads /raʊn tə/,

because /t/ and /d/ are both

labio-dental sounds.

Trang 76

-Using

elision: • To fit words into a metrical scheme

• To smooth the rhythm of a

poem

• To ease the pronunciation of

words

Trang 77

-RULES FOR ELISION

a Aspirated stops + weak vowel /ə/ → aspirated stops

Word No elision Elision

Potato /pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ [p’teɪtəʊ]

Perhaps /pəˈhæps/ [p’hᴂps]

Today /təˈdeɪ/ [t’deɪ]

Canary /kəˈneə.ri/ [k’neəri]

Trang 78

b Weak vowel /ə/ disappears

before syllabic consonants /n, l, r/

Tonight /təˈnaɪt/ [tnaɪt]

Police /pəˈliːs/ [pli:s]

Correct /kəˈrekt/ [krekt]

Canal /kəˈnæl/ /kˈnæl/

Trang 79

c Avoidance of complex consonant cluster: Stop+(stop)

+stop

Word No elisiion Elision

Stopped Drinking /stɒptˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/ /stɒpˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

Looked back /lʊkt bæk/ [lʊk bæk]

Cooked rice /kʊkt raɪs/ /kʊk raɪs/

Stopped talking /stɒptˈtɔːkɪŋ/ /stɒpˈtɔːkɪŋ/

Trang 80

d Stop + (stop)+ fricative

Trang 81

e fricative + (stop) + fricative

Trang 82

-Word No elision Elision

Last year /lɑːst jɪə/ /lɑːs jɪə/

Fast car /fɑːst kɑː / /fɑːs kɑː /

Best book /bɛst bʊk/ /bɛs bʊk/

RULES FOR ELISION

f /st/ + stop, nasal, fricative => /s/

Trang 83

g /ft/ + stop, nasal, fricative => /f/

Left book /lɛft bʊk/ /lɛf bʊk/

Gift box gɪft bɒks /gɪf bɒks/

Deft hand /dɛft hænd/ /dɛf hænd/

Trang 84

h /nd/ + lenis stop, nasal => /n/

Kind man /kaɪnd mæn/ /kaɪn mæn/

Friend zone /frɛnd zəʊn/ /frɛn zəʊn/

Hand wash /hænd wɒʃ/ /hæn wɒʃ/

Trang 85

-i /md/ + lenis stop, nasal => /m/

Seemed good /siːmd gʊd/ /siːm gʊd/

Aimed shot /eɪmd ʃɒt/ /eɪm ʃɒt/

Formed team /fɔːmd tiːm/ /fɔːm tiːm/

RULES FOR ELISION

Trang 86

j Elision of /v/ in OF before consonants

Most of them /məʊst ɒv ðɛm/ /məʊst ɒ ðɛm/

A lot of money /ə lɒt ɒvˈmʌni/ /ə lɒt ɒˈmʌni/

Fond of candies /fɒnd ɒvvˈkændiz/ /fɒnd ɒˈkændiz/

Trang 87

Trang 88

-Excercise 1: Match the following words with the cases of

1 Labio-dental fricative elision, /v/, in the word ‘of’

4 Alveolar plosive elision, /d/, since /d/ is in the coda

of the syllable, is preceded by another voiced consonant and is followed by a consonant other

than /h/

5 /t/ is elided in the sequence /tt/

2 Dental fricative elision, /ð/, in the common word

Trang 89

than /h/

10 Alveolar plosive elision, /d/, since /d/ is in the coda of the syllable, is preceded by Another voiced consonant and is followed by a consonant other

than /h/

8 Alveolar plosive elision, /t/, since /t/ is in the coda of the syllable, is preceded by Another consonant and is followed by a consonant other

than /h/

6 Labio-dental fricative elision, /v/, at rapid tempo

before /m/, as i n ‘give me one’

7 Alveolar plosive elision, /d/, since /d/ is in the coda of the syllable, is preceded by Another voiced consonant and is followed by a consonant other

than /h/

Trang 91

04

Lê Thị Phương Thảo

Trang 92

-RULES FOR LINKING

Trang 93

-a. Linking final consonant to initial vowel

We follow this rule if a word ends in final consonants and the next word begins in initial vowels We will link the final consonants such as /f/, /v/, /b/ and /m/ with the initial vowels such as /ei/, /ai/, /ɪ/, /ə/and read it as

Trang 94

-b. Linking identical consonants

If a word ends in the final consonant similar with the initial consonant of the next word, we will follow this rule

—Example:

- A bus stop - A red dragon

[bʌsstɑːp] [reddraɡən]

c. Linking /r/ and intrusive /r/

When a word ends in an /ɔː / sound and the next word begins in an /ə/ sound, an /r/ sound is added, even if there is no ‘r’ in the spelling

Trang 95

e. Intrusive /w/

Intrusive /w/ is added between 2 words when the former word ending in uː/, /ʊ/, /aʊ/ and / əʊ/ is followed by the latter word beginning with a vowel

—Example:

- The shoe is black - When do I know?

[ʃuːwɪz] [du:waɪ]

d. Intrusive /j/

Intrusive /j/ is added between 2 words when a former word ending

in/i:/,/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /i/ and /ɔɪ/ is followed by a latter word beginning with a

Trang 96

Trang 97

-a. Star t-u ps are very vulnerable in the business

Trang 98

-e. W e in vite you our house.

[wi j ɪnˈvaɪt] intrusive /j/

f I haven’t got a cl ue a t all. [kluː wæt] intrusive /w/

g. There was a f law i n the argument.

[flɔː rɪn] linking /r/ and intrusive /r/

h. H ow a re you?

[haʊwər ju:] intrusive /w/

Trang 99

i. She is t oo o ld to drive a car

[tuː w oʊld ] intrusive /w/

j. A fre sh an gle

[fre ʃ æŋɡəl] linking final consonant to initial vowel

k. My dog hurt its p aw on some broken glass

[pɔː rɒn] linking /r/ and intrusive /r/

l. His running speed is sl ow a nd hard to win

[sləʊwænd] intrusive /w/

[aɪjeɪt] intrusive /j/ Lê Thị Phương Thảo

Trang 100

e. I can’t [du w ɪt].

Exercise 2: Look at IPA and write

words

travel lounge - linking identical

consonants

Trang 101

-ANSWER KEY

consonants

e I can’t do it – intrusive /w/

Trang 102

N

Đào Phương Thảo

Trang 103

-ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH

- Assimilation of voice

Trang 104

Trang 105

!

Tiêu đề	Aspects of Connected Speech
Tác giả	Nguyễn Thị Thư
Trường học	BA Nhất Nhè
Thể loại	Bài

Định dạng
Số trang	105
Dung lượng	22 MB