must-know spanish 4000 words

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4,000 Words That Give You the Power to Communicate

SPANISH

Gilda Nissenberg Illustrations by Jason Fennell

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1 Communicating with Others

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns 10

Interrogative and Exclamation Words 11

Personality 17

Family Traditions and Special Occasions 20

3 The Human Body, Health, and Medicine

Colds and Gastrointestinal Ailments 38 Chronic and Life-Threatening Disorders 39 Psychological Conditions and Addictions 40

4 Education

Buying and Selling, Customer Service, and Transactions 60

Shoes, Leather Goods, and Accessories 69

CO N T E N T S v

Jewelry, Makeup, Hair Products, and Toiletries 71

Makeup, Hair Products, and Toiletries 72

7 Work and the Business World

CO N T E N T S vii

10 Society and Government

International Politics 156

Military Personnel and Organizations 160

11 Nature and the Environment

12 Measurements, Numbers, and Time

CO N T E N T S ix

Adjectives and Adverbs of Measurement 190

In today’s world the ability to communicate in languages other than glish is essential More than 350 million people are native speakers ofSpanish who live in South America, Mexico and Central America, theCaribbean, the United States, Spain, parts of Africa, and the Philippines.Whether you wish to use it in the business world, travel, academics, or justeveryday life, the power to communicate in Spanish is a valuable skill, andprecise vocabulary is a key element for communicating and comprehension

En-In Must-Know Spanish you will find 4,000 carefully selected words that

include basic and more advanced terms from current school and higher cation textbooks, as well as other sources Knowing and reviewing thesewords will increase your knowledge of Spanish and enable you to commu-nicate in everyday situations

edu-Must-Know Spanish is designed for the self-learner who wants access

to essential words for successful vocabulary building This book is also ful to the intermediate-level student and as a class review because it includesadvanced words and current terminology recently incorporated into Span-ish Languages are alive and they change as the world surrounding the

use-speaker changes For example, in Must-Know Spanish you will find new

ter-minology generated by recent advances in technology as well as colloquialexpressions prevalent among today’s Spanish speakers

The vocabulary presented in Must-Know Spanish is, generally

speak-ing, standard Spanish Fifty “Must-Know Tips” provide usage hints, ings about false cognates, and words or expressions to avoid in certain areas

warn-I N T R O D U C T warn-I O N xi

Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click here for terms of use.

of the vast Spanish-speaking world Must-Know Spanish includes useful and

common phrases that facilitate vocabulary acquisition in specific contexts,which will help you memorize or recall these words and use them in appro-priate situations

Finding a word or expression in Must-Know Spanish is simple because

the vocabulary is organized thematically Alphabetical listings include

fea-tures such as English infinitives without the to Twelve units arranged by

major subject areas are thematically linked and include subsections that can

be independently studied or reviewed, making it easy for the student tomake the connections for learning vocabulary successfully The sections andsubsections include basic and advanced words, which help you build on pre-viously acquired knowledge, reinforce what you already know, and expandyour vocabulary You will grasp and remember new words and unfamiliarexpressions when you see them associated with a common theme

One hundred practical and varied exercises that test your skills ment the vocabulary units The different types of exercises provide a choice

supple-of simple or more difficult tasks and are followed by an answer key to helpyou assess both your existing knowledge and your progress Like the vocab-ulary sections within units, each exercise is based on a theme, so that youcan choose the area or topic you wish to learn or review

Learning and mastering a new language can be challenging, yet it isextremely rewarding As you continue to expand your knowledge of Span-

ish, Must-Know Spanish will help you along the way.

Introductions, Greetings, and Farewells

Personal Information Los datos personales

Ser is one of the translations for the English verb to be Be sure to use ser

to indicate the marital status of a person

What do you do for a living? ¿A qué te dedicas?

live vivir

Must-Know Tip

Estar is one of the two translations for the English verb to be Be sure to

use estar to indicate location and temporary situations

The office is on the second floor La oficina está en el segundo piso.

minor menor de edad

cellular phone number el número del teléfono móvil

Greetings and Farewells Los saludos y las despedidas

make someone’s acquaintance conocer a alguien

I want to introduce you to my Quiero presentarte a mi supervisor.

supervisor.

meet conocer

Let us meet the new manager Vamos a conocer al nuevo gerente.

See you soon Hasta luego.

wave good-bye decir adiós con la mano

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 3

La comunicación por Communication by Phone teléfono

call llamar, llamar por teléfono

Who’s calling? ¿De parte de quién?, ¿Quién llama?

Don’t hang up, please! ¡No cuelgue, por favor!

leave a message dejar un mensaje

cordless phone el teléfono inalámbrico

Letters, Invitations, and Las cartas, las invitaciones y Electronic Mail el correo electrónico

Sincerely, Le saluda atentamente,

I regret that I cannot Lamento no poder

RSVP, please respond S.R.C., Se ruega contestación.

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 5

wedding registry la lista de boda

file el archivo

Go to the home page of this site Vaya a la página inicial del sitio en

la web.

information superhighway la autopista de la información

el sistema

She cannot log on No se puede conectar.

the Web el Web, el web

the el, la; los, las

the boy and the girl el niño y la niña

some unos, unas

some men unos hombres

Pronouns Los pronombres

SUBJECT PRONOUNS LOS PRONOMBRES DE SUJETO

they ellos, ellas

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 7

LOS PRONOMBRES DE OBJETO DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS DIRECTO

you (formal and familiar plural) los/las

you (familiar plural; used in os

Give the dog a bone Dale un hueso al perro.

you (to) (formal and familiar plural) les

Tell them now Diles ahora.

you (to) (familiar plural) os

I write them a note Les escribo una nota.

Must-Know Tip

Use se instead of le and les when indirect object pronouns and direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las are objects of the same verb Remember

to place indirect object pronouns before direct object pronouns

Possessive Forms Formas posesivos

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

my mi, mis

your brother and your friends tu hermano y tus amigos

his su, sus

her su, sus

her coat and her shoes su abrigo y sus zapatos

our nuestro/a, nuestros/as

your (formal and informal) su, sus; vuestros/as (used only

in Spain)

your teachers sus maestros

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS LOS PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS

mine el mío, la mía; los míos, las mías

This car is mine Este auto es mío.

yours (informal) el tuyo, la tuya; los tuyos, las tuyas

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 9

yours (formal) el suyo, la suya; los suyos, las suyas

his el suyo, la suya; los suyos, las suyas

It is his Es el suyo.

hers el suyo, la suya; los suyos, las suyas

ours el nuestro, la nuestra; los nuestros,

las nuestras

yours (formal and informal plural) el suyo, la suya; los suyos, las suyas

Demonstrative Adjectives Los adjetivos y pronombres and Pronouns demostrativos

that over there, that one over there aquel, aquella, aquello

those over there, those ones over aquellos, aquellas

there

These ones are old; those ones over Estos son viejos; aquellos son nuevos.

there are new.

Must-Know Tip

Demonstrative adjectives may precede or follow a noun Demonstrativepronouns require an accent mark only if it is unclear to which noun thepronoun is referring

That hat and this other one here Este sombrero y este de aquí.

This boy and this one El niño este y éste.

Indefinite Pronouns and Los pronombres y adjetivos Adjectives indefinidos

any cualquier, cualquiera;

cualesquier(a)

no one nadie

No one is here No hay nadie aquí.

ningunos, ningunas

I don’t see anything No veo nada.

some algún, alguno, alguna; algunos,

algunas

Someone is coming Alguien viene.

Interrogative and Los interrogativos y

Exclamation Words exclamativos

how ¿cómo?; ¡cómo!

what ¿qué?; ¡qué!

when ¿cuándo?; ¡cuándo!

who ¿quién?, ¿quiénes?; ¡quién!,

¡quiénes!

Who are they? ¿Quiénes son?

Adverbs Los adverbios

ever nunca, jamás

worse than ever peor que nunca

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 11

from time to time de vez en cuando

Comparatives Los comparativos

so that tan que, tanto que

It is so cold I cannot move Hace tanto frío que no puedo

moverme.

Must-Know Tip

Remember that before numbers and words related to quantity you must

use de instead of que.

CO M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H OT H E R S 13

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People and Relationships

Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click here for terms of use.

Physical Description

The Body El cuerpo

The Face La cara, el rostro

lips los labios

thin lips los labios finos

nose la nariz

flat nose la nariz chata

scar la cicatriz

skin la piel, la tez

dark-skinned moreno/a

fair-skinned de piel clara

Hair El pelo, el cabello

bald calvo/a

Family Relationships and Traditions

Family Relationships Las relaciones familiares

my relatives mis parientes

wife la esposa, la mujer

The oldest boy is 15 and the youngest El chico mayor tiene 15 años y el

one is 2 menor tiene dos.

Family Traditions and Las tradiciones y

Special Occasions celebraciones de la familia

Merry Christmas ¡Feliz Navidad!

They got engaged last week Se comprometieron la semana pasada.

a happy event un acontecimiento feliz

Lent la Cuaresma

mass la misa

Midnight Mass la misa del gallo

Happy New Year! ¡Feliz Año Nuevo!

New Year’s Eve la Nochevieja

Let’s pay a visit to grandma and Vamos a visitar a la abuelita y al

grandpa abuelito.

los Enamorados, el Día del Amor

wed casarse

Friendship and Other Relationships

clase

trabajo

my best friend mi mejor amigo/a

We get along Nos entendemos.

gift el regalo

I hate that guy Detesto a ese tío.

P E O P L E A N D R E L AT I O N S H I P S 21

like, be fond of estimar

Nationalities and Religious Groups

Nationalities Las nacionalidades

Sudanese sudanés, sudanesa

NORTH AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN NORTEAMERICANO/A Y CARIBEÑO/A

los Estados Unidos de América

Brazilians speak Portuguese Los brasileros hablan portugués.

Remember that names and adjectives of nationalities that end in -és and

-án (francés, alemán) require an accent mark, but not their feminine and

plural forms

the French student and the German la estudiante francesa y los

Romanian is a Romance language El rumano es una lengua romance.

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Body Parts and the Senses

Head and Face La cabeza y el rostro

hair el cabello, el pelo

jaw la mandíbula, la quijada

tooth el diente

I have a toothache Me duele la muela.

Arm and Hand El brazo y la mano

pinky el meñique

index finger el índice

ring finger el anular

Must-Know Tip

Remember many familiar expressions in Spanish that refer to parts of thebody are not translated literally

She has sticky fingers Ella tiene la mano muy larga.

Must-Know Tip

Some colloquial expressions include the word culo They do not translate

literally

It is in a faraway place Está en el culo del mundo.

a fractured clavicle una clavícula fracturada

hip la cadera

large intestine el intestino grueso

small intestine el intestino delgado