Microsoft Word C042459e doc Reference number ISO 12003 1 2008(E) © ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12003 1 Second edition 2008 08 01 Agricultural and forestry tractors — Roll over protective struc[.]
General requirements
5.1.1 Front-mounted ROPS may only be applied to tractors that satisfactorily complete both the lateral stability test and the non-continuous rolling test described in this clause
5.1.2 The tractor shall be equipped with the front-mounted ROPS fitted in its upright (safety) position
The tractor must be fitted with tires that feature the maximum diameter specified by the manufacturer These tires should also have the smallest possible cross-section compatible with that diameter Additionally, the tires must not be liquid-ballasted to ensure optimal performance and safety.
The rear wheels should be positioned at the narrowest track width, while the front wheels should be aligned as closely as possible to the same track width for optimal handling If two front track settings equally differ from the narrowest rear track, the wider of these should be chosen to ensure proper vehicle stability and performance.
5.1.5 All the tractor's tanks shall be filled or the liquids shall be replaced by an equivalent mass in the corresponding position
5.1.6 All attachments used in the series production shall be fixed to the tractor in the normal position.
Lateral stability test
The tractor must be positioned on a level surface, ensuring that the front-axle pivot point, or the horizontal pivot point in articulated tractors, can move freely Proper placement as specified is essential for accurate testing and ensures the tractor's mobility is not restricted during evaluation.
To evaluate the tractor's stability, use a jack or hoist to tilt the section rigidly connected to the axle supporting over 50% of the weight, while continuously measuring the inclination angle The critical angle should reach at least 38° when the tractor is in an unstable equilibrium with the wheels remaining in contact with the ground Conduct the test twice: once with the steering wheel turned fully to the right and once with it turned fully to the left, to ensure comprehensive stability assessment.
Non-continuous rolling test
This test verifies that the front-mounted ROPS on the tractor effectively prevents continuous rolling during a lateral overturn on a slope with a 1 in 1.5 gradient Two alternative procedures are outlined in subclauses 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 to demonstrate the non-continuous rolling behavior, with only one procedure required for compliance.
5.3.2 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the overturning test
The overturning test must be conducted on a test slope that is at least 4 meters long, as illustrated in Figure 2 The slope's surface should be covered with an 18 cm layer of material that meets the soil cone penetration index standards outlined in ASAE S313.3 and ASAE EP542, ensuring proper compliance with soil testing measurements.
NOTE In the OECD Standard Code 6 and in Standard ASAE S313.3 the symbols for the cone penetration indices are
A and B These have been modified in this part of ISO 12003 in conformance with rules laid down in ISO/IEC Directives
Figure 2 — Rig for testing anti-roll properties
The tractor, prepared according to section 5.1, must be tilted laterally with zero initial speed at the start of the test It is positioned on the test slope so that the wheels on the downhill side contact the surface, with the tractor's median plane aligned parallel to the contour lines During the test, after the tractor strikes the slope, it may pivot about the upper corner of the front-mounted ROPS and momentarily lift off the surface, but it must not roll over Ultimately, the tractor should fall back onto the side that initially made contact with the slope.
5.3.3 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation
Non-continuous rolling behaviour may also be demonstrated by complying with the requirements of Annex C
Test methods
Tests can be performed in accordance with either the dynamic procedure or the static procedure The two methods are determined to be equivalent.
General rules governing preparation for tests
The front-mounted ROPS must adhere to the series production specifications to ensure safety and compliance It should be installed following the manufacturer's recommended method, and only on tractors it is specifically designed for Proper installation is essential for optimal protection and adherence to safety standards.
A complete tractor is not necessary for the static procedure; however, the front-mounted ROPS and the components of the tractor to which it is attached, collectively referred to as the assembly, are essential for proper assessment.
For both static and dynamic testing procedures, the tractor must be equipped with all series production components that impact the strength of the front-mounted ROPS or are essential for the strength assessment, ensuring accurate and compliant results.
6.2.3 All components of the tractor or the front-mounted ROPS, including weather protection, shall be supplied or described on drawings
6.2.4 For the strength tests, all removable panels and detachable non-structural components shall be removed so that they do not contribute to the strength of the front-mounted ROPS
The track width must be adjusted to ensure that, during strength tests, the front-mounted ROPS is not supported by the tyres as much as possible If static testing procedures are used, it is permissible to remove the wheels to prevent tyre support and ensure accurate test results.
Apparatus for both dynamic and static testing
Means to prove that the clearance zone has not been entered during the test: a measuring rig complying with Figures 10 and 11 can be used
The crushing tests shall be carried out by means of the elements described in 7.1.2.1 to 7.1.2.3
7.1.2.1 Means to apply downward force on the front-mounted ROPS, such as that shown in Figure 3, including a stiff beam with a width of 250 mm
4 crushing beam a Direction of force
7.1.2.2 Equipment to measure total vertical force applied
7.1.2.3 Suitable axle stands, so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force
7.1.3 Device to measure elastic deflection
Device to measure elastic deflection, such as that shown in Figure 4, in a horizontal plane that coincides with the upper limiting surface of the clearance zone
5 horizontal rod attached to ROPS
6 vertical support attached to tractor chassis
Figure 4 — Apparatus for measuring elastic deflection — Example
7.1.4 Rear hard fixture test rig
A rig to apply a force as shown in Figure 5
Apparatus for dynamic testing
7.2.1 Device to strike a blow against the front-mounted ROPS
A pendulum block with a mass of 2,000 kg is specified, excluding the chain mass, which must not exceed 100 kg The block is to be suspended from two chains connected to pivot points located at least 6 meters above ground level, with dimensions detailed in Figure 6 The center of gravity of the pendulum block should align with its geometric center to ensure stability Means must be provided for independent adjustment of the pendulum block’s height and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes, optimizing safety and functionality.
4 hooks to hold spare chain
5 pendulum chains a Axis of centre of gravity
Figure 6 — Illustration of pendulum block
The pendulum pivot points shall be rigidly fixed such that their displacement in any direction does not exceed
1 % of the height of fall
7.2.3 Means of lashing the tractor to the ground
Secure the tractor by lashing it with steel wire ropes equipped with tensioning devices to ground rails Ensure the rails are spaced approximately 600 mm apart across the area beneath the pivot points Extend the lashing for about 9 meters along the pendulum block axis and approximately 1,800 mm on each side to ensure stability and safety during operation.
Lashings should be attached approximately 2,000 mm behind the rear axle and 1,500 mm in front of the front axle to ensure optimal stability Each axle must have two lashings—one on each side of the tractor's median plane—to evenly distribute the securing forces The lashings must be made of steel cable with a diameter ranging from 12.5 mm to 15 mm and possess a high tensile strength to maintain safety and durability during operation.
1 100 MPa to 1 260 MPa, meeting the requirements of ISO 2408 Details of the lashing means are given in
The front and rear wheels are not required to be in line if this is more convenient for attaching appropriate ropes
A softwood beam with a cross-section of 150 mm × 150 mm is designed to restrain rear wheels when impacted from the front or rear, ensuring stability during collisions Additionally, this beam clamps against the sides of the front and rear wheels when struck from the side, enhancing safety and control, as illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 9 The beam is positioned at a 20° angle to optimize its effectiveness in restraining and securing the wheels during impact scenarios.
Figure 7 — Lashing for rear impact test — Example
Figure 8 — Lashing for front impact test — Example
1 travel arc of pendulum block centre of gravity
5 wooden prop a Chamfered b Rounded to secure contact against rim
Figure 9 — Lashing for side impact test — Example
A wooden prop should be used to restrain the opposite rear wheel during side impact testing, as illustrated in Figure 9 The prop’s length must be between 20 to 25 times its thickness, ensuring adequate support, while its width should be 2 to 3 times its thickness for stability and effectiveness This setup is essential for maintaining safety and accuracy in testing procedures.
7.2.6 Props and lashings for articulated tractors
The central pivot of an articulated tractor must be securely supported and properly lashed down during all test procedures to ensure stability and accuracy For the side impact test, the pivot should also be propped from the side opposite the impact to provide additional stability and safety during testing.
Tractor tires should not be liquid-ballasted and must be inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressures for field operations Prior to tensioning, the lashings must be adjusted so that the tires experience a deflection of 12% of the tire wall height, which is the distance between the ground and the lowest point of the rim Proper inflation and tensioning are essential for optimal tractor performance and safety.
Apparatus for static testing
7.3.1 Material, equipment and attachment means of ensuring that the tractor chassis is firmly fixed to the ground (and supported), independently of the tyres, meeting the following requirements
Anchor rails must have the appropriate track width and cover the required area to securely anchor the tractor They should be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base located near the test rig to ensure stability during testing Properly anchored rails are essential for accurate and safe tractor testing procedures.
The tractor must be securely anchored to the rails using appropriate methods such as plates, wedges, wire ropes, or jacks to prevent movement during testing This anchoring quality must be verified with standard measurement devices, ensuring the tractor remains stationary If any movement occurs, the test must be repeated unless a deflection measurement system is properly connected to the tractor, which accounts for any displacement in force versus deflection analysis.
7.3.2 Means of applying a horizontal force to the front-mounted ROPS, complying with the requirements of 7.3.2.1 to 7.3.2.4
Ensure that the load can be evenly distributed both perpendicular to the loading direction and along a stiff beam measuring between 250 mm and 700 mm in length, in precise multiples of 50 mm The beam must feature a vertical face measuring 150 mm to maintain uniform load distribution and structural stability.
7.3.2.2 The edges of the beam in contact with the front-mounted ROPS shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm
Universal joints, or their equivalents, must be incorporated into the loading device to ensure it does not constrain the structure's rotation or translation in any direction other than the intended loading direction This design allows for proper movement and accurate testing, enhancing the reliability and safety of the structural assessment Proper use of universal joints ensures flexibility and prevents unintended restrictions during structural loading tests.
7.3.2.4 The direction of the force (deviation from horizontal and vertical) shall be:
⎯ at the start of test, under zero load: ± 2°;
⎯ during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal; these variations shall be kept to a minimum
To accurately measure force and deflection along the direction of application relative to the tractor chassis, equipment must be installed to provide continuous recordings Measurement devices should be strategically positioned to capture data at the specific load application point and along the loading line, ensuring precise and reliable data collection.
General requirements
8.1.1 If during any test any part of the tractor restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be restarted
8.1.2 No repairs or adjustments to the tractor or front-mounted ROPS may be carried out during the tests
8.1.3 The tractor gearbox shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests
8.1.4 If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall be blocked during the tests
The side selected for applying the initial impact in dynamic tests or the first load in static tests on the rear of the structure should be the one that, according to the testing engineer, exposes the structure to the most unfavorable conditions Both lateral and rear impacts or loads must be applied on both sides of the structure's longitudinal median plane to ensure comprehensive assessment of structural resilience under different impact scenarios.
8.1.6 The rear fixture or any other component behind the driver's seat forming part of the front-mounted ROPS shall be submitted to a static strength test procedure.
Test sequence
The testing sequence, beyond the additional tests outlined in sections 8.4.4, 8.7, and 12.3, begins with impact or loading tests at the rear of the structure, followed by crushing tests at the rear Next, impact or loading tests are performed at the front, then at the sides of the structure, with crushing tests at the front The process concludes with a rear hard fixture test, which can be conducted dynamically or statically, ensuring comprehensive structural evaluation according to the specified guidelines.
Rear fixture test procedure
Subject any rear fixture or rigid tractor component supplementing the front-mounted ROPS to a static load of: i 15 t
Apply the load to the rear fixture located in the tractor's longitudinal median plane, directing it forward and downward at a 40° angle Maintain this force for at least 5 seconds after any visible movement of the rear fixture has stopped.
Dynamic (impact) test procedures for front-mounted ROPS
To ensure proper placement, the tractor must be positioned so that the pendulum block strikes the front-mounted ROPS when the impact face and supporting chains or wire ropes form an angle, α, with the vertical plane, which should be equal to m t /100, with a maximum of 20° If the front-mounted ROPS at the contact point forms a greater angle during deflection, the impact face of the block must be adjusted using an additional support to be parallel to the ROPS at maximum deflection, while the supporting chains or wire ropes remain at the specified angle.
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact
The point of impact in a rearward overturning accident is typically the upper edge of the front-mounted ROPS, which is most likely to contact the ground first To ensure safety, the center of gravity of the tractor's load should be positioned one-sixth of the ROPS width inward from a vertical plan aligned with the tractor’s median plane, touching the outermost edge of the ROPS Proper positioning of the load center is crucial for stability and minimizing risk during such incidents.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure
The tractor must be securely lashed to the ground using four wire ropes, with one placed at each end of both axles, as illustrated in Figure 7 The spacing between the front and rear lashing points should be arranged to ensure that the wire ropes form an angle of less than 30° with the ground Additionally, the rear lashings must be designed to enhance stability and safety during operation.
Wire ropes must be tensioned to achieve the specified tyre deflections outlined in section 7.2.7 Once properly tensioned, the wedging beam should be positioned in front of and tightly against the rear wheels, then securely fixed to the ground to ensure stability during testing.
For articulated tractors, the articulation point must be supported by a wooden block measuring at least 100 mm square, which should be securely lashed to the ground This ensures proper stability and safety during operation Proper support of articulated tractors is essential for safe handling and to prevent potential accidents Using a sturdy wooden block helps maintain the tractor's integrity and enhances overall operational safety.
The pendulum block must be pulled back to position it at a height, H, above the impact point, determined by one of two specific formulas The selection of the appropriate formula depends on the reference mass of the assembly undergoing testing, ensuring accurate and consistent test conditions This procedure is outlined in section 8.4.1.4 to standardize impact testing processes.
⎯ for tractors with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg:
⎯ for tractors with a reference mass of 2 000 kg to 3 000 kg:
8.4.1.5 For tractors with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the same formulae shall apply
8.4.1.6 The pendulum block shall be released and allowed to strike the front-mounted ROPS
Ensure the tractor is positioned so that the pendulum block will strike the front-mounted ROPS at an angle α equal to m t / 100, with a maximum of 20° During impact, if the front-mounted ROPS forms a greater angle to the vertical, adjust the impact face of the block with an additional support to keep it parallel to the ROPS at maximum deflection, while maintaining the specified angle of the supporting chains or wire ropes.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact
The impact point of a front-mounted ROPS is the area most likely to contact the ground first if a tractor overturns sideways while moving forward, typically located at the upper edge Proper positioning of the tractor's centre of gravity is crucial for safety, which should be set at one-sixth of the width of the ROPS inward from a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's median plane Ensuring accurate placement of the centre of gravity and understanding the impact zone are vital for maximizing rollover protection and operator safety.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure
To securely anchor the tractor, four wire ropes must be used—one at each end of both axles—positioned according to specified guidelines The spacing between the front and rear lashing points should ensure that the wire ropes form an angle of less than 30° with the ground, enhancing stability Additionally, the rear lashings should be arranged so that the intersection point of the two wire ropes aligns vertically with the center of gravity of the pendulum block’s movement, ensuring proper balance and safety.
Wire ropes must be tensioned to achieve the specified tyre deflections outlined in section 7.2.7 Once properly tensioned, the wedging beam should be positioned behind and snug against the rear wheels, then securely fixed to the ground Proper tensioning and positioning of the wire ropes ensure accurate tyre deflection and stable vehicle setup for testing or operation.
For articulated tractors, the point of articulation must be supported with a wooden block at least 100 mm square This block should be securely lashed to the ground to ensure stability and safety during operation, complying with safety standards.
The pendulum block must be pulled back to a height where the center of gravity above the impact point is determined by one of two specified formulas These formulas are selected based on the reference mass of the assembly undergoing testing, ensuring accurate and consistent impact tests.
⎯ for tractors with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg:
⎯ for tractors with a reference mass of 2 000 kg to 3 000 kg:
8.4.2.5 For tractors with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the height shall be whichever is greater of the formula applied above and that selected below:
8.4.2.6 The pendulum block shall be released and allowed to strike the front-mounted ROPS
The tractor must be positioned so that the pendulum block strikes the front-mounted ROPS with the impact face and supporting chains or wire ropes in a vertical alignment, unless during deflection, the ROPS forms an angle of less than 20° to the vertical If this occurs, the impact face of the block should be adjusted using an additional support to ensure it remains parallel to the ROPS at maximum deflection, with the supporting chains or wire ropes maintained in a vertical position at the moment of impact.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact
The point of impact shall be that part of the front-mounted ROPS likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident
To ensure safety during impact, tractor wheels on the side expected to absorb the force must be securely lashed to the ground using wire ropes that pass over the front and rear axle ends These wire ropes should be properly tensioned to achieve the tyre deflection values specified in section 7.2.7, maintaining stability and preventing movement during testing.
To ensure stability during impact, tension the wire ropes, then place the wedging beam on the ground, firmly pushing it against the tyres on the side opposite the impact point before fixing it to the ground If the front and rear tyres are not in the same vertical plane, use two beams or wedges to maintain stability Position the prop against the rim of the heavily loaded wheel opposite the impact point, pushing it firmly and fixing it at its base, ensuring it forms an angle of 30° ± 3° with the ground The prop's length should be such that it maintains this angle, with a thickness ideally 20 to 25 times less than its length and 2 to 3 times less than its width The ends of the props must be shaped according to the details shown in Figure 9 for proper support.
Static test procedures for front-mounted ROPS
To ensure proper load testing, apply the load horizontally within a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's reference plane, focusing on the part of the front-mounted ROPS most likely to contact the ground during a rearward overturning accident, typically the upper edge The load should be applied in a vertical plane located at one-third of the external width of the upper structure from the median plane If the front-mounted ROPS is curved or protrudes at the designated load application point, wedges should be added to facilitate load application without reinforcing the structural integrity of the ROPS.
The tractor or assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 7.3.1
The energy absorbed by the front-mounted ROPS during the test shall be at least: il 500 0,5 t
For tractors with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the same formula shall apply
To ensure safety compliance, apply the load horizontally in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's reference plane, positioned at one-third of the external width of the upper part of the front-mounted ROPS The load should be applied at the point most likely to hit the ground first during a sideways rollover, typically the upper edge of the ROPS If the structure is curved or protrudes at this point, wedges should be added to facilitate proper load application without reinforcing the structure.
The tractor or assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 7.3.1
The energy absorbed by the front-mounted ROPS during the test shall be at least: il 500 0,5 t
For tractors with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel), either the preceding formula or one of the following formulae shall be used, whichever gives the greater result:
To ensure safety during side loading, apply the load horizontally in a vertical plane perpendicular to the tractor's median line The load should be applied at the front-mounted ROPS’s highest point, which is most likely to contact the ground first during a sideways overturning accident Proper load application helps enhance tractor stability and reduces the risk of accidents related to lateral rollovers.
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 7.3.1
The energy absorbed by the front-mounted ROPS during the test shall be at least:
For tractors with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel), either the preceding or the following formula shall be used, whichever gives the greater result: is 1,75 t
Vertical crushing test procedure
Position the beam across the uppermost structural members of the front-mounted ROPS, with the resultant crushing forces located in the tractor's median plane (see Figure 3)
Additional crushing tests
If cracks or tears that are deemed significant occur during a crushing test, a second similar test must be conducted immediately afterward, applying a force of 1.2 times the original load (1.2 Fv) This protocol ensures accurate assessment of material integrity and safety under increased stress conditions.
Observations during testing
After each test, all structural members, joints, and fastening systems must undergo a visual inspection for fractures or cracks Small cracks in non-critical areas and tears caused by the pendulum weight edges can be ignored Regular inspections ensure the integrity and safety of structural components after testing.
During each test, an examination shall be made to ascertain whether any part of the front-mounted ROPS has entered the clearance zone (see Clause 10)
An assessment must be conducted to verify whether any portion of the clearance zone extends beyond the front-mounted ROPS protection, ensuring that in the event of a tractor overturn, no part of the zone contacts the ground This evaluation involves verifying that the tractor's front and rear tires, along with the track width setting, are at their smallest dimensions as specified by the manufacturer, to accurately determine the safety zone compliance.
The elastic deflection to the side should be measured at the height of the top of the clearance zone in the vertical plane passing through the point of impact A dedicated device for measuring elastic deflection is illustrated in Figure 4 This measurement is essential for assessing structural integrity and ensuring safety compliance Proper use of the device enables accurate evaluation of lateral elastic deflections during impact testing.
After completing the final crushing test, the permanent deflection of the front-mounted ROPS must be recorded Prior to beginning the test, the initial position of the main front-mounted ROPS should be documented to ensure accurate measurement of any permanent deformation.
The seat index point (SIP) shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5353
When installing a suspended seat, follow the manufacturer's instructions for setting the suspension if provided If no specific guidance is available, set the seat suspension to the mid-travel point for optimal comfort and safety Once the seat is installed on the tractor, the Seat Index Point (SIP) becomes a fixed reference point that remains stationary relative to the tractor, regardless of horizontal or vertical adjustments.
General
The reference plane is a vertical plane, typically aligned longitudinally with the tractor, passing through the seat index point and the center of the steering wheel It generally coincides with the tractor's longitudinal median plane During loading, this reference plane is assumed to move horizontally with the seat and steering wheel, while remaining perpendicular to the tractor or the floor of the front-mounted ROPS.
10.1.2 The reference line is the line contained in the reference plane that passes through a point located
(140 + a h ) mm rearward and (90 − a v ) mm below the seat index point and the first point on the steering wheel rim that it intersects when brought to the horizontal (see Figure 10)
The clearance zone, as illustrated in Figure 10, is defined relative to the reference plane, reference line, steering wheel, and seat index point (SIP) To accurately establish this zone, the seat should be adjusted to its upper, rearmost position; if the seat is adjustable, following the manufacturer’s instructions for suspension settings is recommended, or alternatively, the suspension should be set to its mid-travel point for suspended seats The precise boundaries of the clearance zone are determined based on the guidelines outlined in sections 10.2 and 10.3.
Clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat
The zone of clearance is defined by a series of planes and surfaces surrounding the tractor when positioned on a horizontal surface, with the steering wheel adjusted to its middle position It includes a horizontal plane passing through a point 90 minus a_v millimeters below the seat index point, and vertical planes extending 250 mm on either side of a reference plane, rising 300 mm upward and extending at least 550 mm forward of the seat index point Additional vertical planes are set 200 mm from the reference plane, extending upward and forward from designated surface points Inclined planes are positioned perpendicular to the reference plane, with one extending backward at 400 mm above the reference line and intersecting vertical planes, and another meeting the top of the seat backrest Vertical planes also pass at least 40 mm forward of the steering wheel and at a distance of (760 minus a_h) mm from the seat index point A cylindrical surface with a radius of 150 mm, perpendicular to the reference plane, is tangent to certain inclined and vertical planes Two parallel inclined planes run through the upper edges of the lateral vertical planes, positioned at least 100 mm from the impact side above the clearance zone Portions of vertical and horizontal planes extend forward and upward from the seat, connecting the limits of the defined planes and surfaces, creating a comprehensive clearance zone that incorporates a curvilinear surface aligned with the seat backrest, intersecting the top and bottom edges of the inclined surfaces.
Clearance zone for tractors with a reversible driving position
For tractors equipped with a reversible driving position, including a reversible seat and steering wheel, the clearance zone is defined as the combined envelope of the two individual clearance zones corresponding to each seating and steering position (see Figure 11).
1 clearance zone – forward facing driver
2 clearance zone – rearward facing driver
Figure 11 — Clearance zone for tractors with a reversible seat position
Measurements during the tests shall be made to the following tolerances:
⎯ linear dimensions: ± 3 mm except for:
⎯ structure deflection during horizontal loadings: ± 1 mm
⎯ height of fall of pendulum block: ± 1 mm
General requirements
12.1.1 In order for the front-mounted ROPS to be accepted, it shall meet the requirements of this clause both during and after the tests
12.1.3 No part of the tractor shall enter the clearance zone (see Clause 10) No part shall strike the seat during tests
The entire clearance zone must remain protected by the front-mounted ROPS to ensure safety in the event of a tractor overturn This means no part of the zone should extend beyond the ROPS, especially if it were to contact flat ground during a overturn caused from the load’s direction To achieve this, the tractor’s front and rear tires, along with the track width, should be set to the smallest specifications provided by the manufacturer, ensuring optimal protection and compliance with safety standards.
It is the tractor manufacturer's responsibility to ensure that all components not included during the ROPS testing do not pose a hazard to the operator Specifically, these components must not enter the clearance zone or interfere in the event of an overturn, maintaining safety and compliance with ROPS regulations.
12.1.5 The front-mounted ROPS and the tractor shall be examined for cracks and tears after each test.
After impact loads
After impact loads are applied, structural integrity must be maintained with no cracks in key components of the front-mounted ROPS, except as specified Welds contributing to ROPS strength should remain uncracked, though minor spot or tack welds for cladding panels are typically excluded Energy-absorbing tears in sheet-metal parts are acceptable if they do not significantly compromise resistance to deflection, with tears caused by pendulum edges generally disregarded During side impact testing, the elastic deformation should not exceed 250 mm in the horizontal plane aligned with the upper boundary of the clearance zone, ensuring safety and structural resilience.
After static horizontal loads
After applying static horizontal loads, the force at the point where the required energy is met must exceed 0.8F max in each specified horizontal loading test Additionally, an overload test may be necessary to assess the residual strength of the front-mounted ROPS after a horizontal load test that may have caused cracks, tears, or buckling, ensuring sufficient residual strength to withstand potential multiple upset accidents (see Figures 12 to 14).
1) An overload test shall be performed if the force drops by more than 3 % over the last 5 % of deflection attained while absorbing the required energy (see Figure 13)
2) An overload test shall consist of a continuation of the horizontal loading in increments of 5 % of the original required energy up to a total of 20 % additional energy (see Figure 14)
3) The overload test shall be considered to have been successfully completed if, after the absorption of
5 %, 10 % or 15 % additional energy, the force drops by less than 3 % for each 5 % increment, and if the force is greater than 0,8F max
4) The overload test shall be considered to have been successfully completed if, after the absorption of
20 % additional energy, the force is greater than 0,8F max
During the overload test, entering or failing to protect the clearance zone is permitted; however, once the load is removed, the front-mounted ROPS must remain outside the clearance zone to ensure safety and compliance with safety regulations.
Cold weather embrittlement
If the front-mounted ROPS is claimed to have properties resistant to cold weather embrittlement, the manufacturer shall give details which shall be given in the report See Annex A
Y static load force a Locate F a in relation to 0,95D b Overload test not necessary as F a u 1,03F
Figure 12 — Static load force — Deflection diagram, overload not necessary
Y static load force a Locate F a in relation to 0,95D b Overload test necessary as F a > 1,03F c Overload test performance satisfactory as F b > 0,97F and F b > 0,8F max
Figure 13 — Static load force — Deflection diagram, overload test necessary
The static load force, labeled as F_a, should be positioned relative to 0.95D An overload test is required if F_a exceeds 1.03F If F_b is less than 0.97F, additional overload testing is necessary, and similarly, if F_c drops below 0.97F of F_b, further overloads are needed The process continues if F_d is less than 0.97F of F_c, indicating that additional overload testing is required A satisfactory overload test is confirmed if F_e remains above 0.8F_max, while failure is identified if the load drops below 0.8F_max at any stage.
Figure 14 — Static load force — Deflection diagram, continuing overload test
When a front-mounted ROPS that meets acceptance criteria (see Clause 12) and is designed for use on multiple tractor models is tested, full testing on each model is unnecessary if certain conditions are met, and the test report references previous tests These conditions include: the energy not exceeding the original test by more than 5%, attachment methods and tractor components being identical or of equivalent strength, support components like mudguards and the bonnet being comparable, and the seat position and ROPS placement ensuring the clearance zone stays protected throughout all tests.
A durable and permanently attached label must be affixed to the front-mounted ROPS for clear readability The label should be protected from damage and include essential information such as the manufacturer's name and address, the identification number of the ROPS, the tractor's make and model or series number, and a reference to ISO 12003-1:2008 indicating compliance with the relevant standards.
The test report shall contain at least the information given in Annex B
Requirements for providing resistance to brittle fracture of front-mounted ROPS at a reduced operation temperature
This article outlines the requirements and procedures designed to ensure sufficient strength and resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperatures To qualify the front-mounted ROPS for use in countries that mandate enhanced operating protection, it must meet specific minimum material standards Additionally, resistance to brittle fracture at lower temperatures can be verified through successful completion of the dynamic test procedures specified in ISO 12003, conducted at the relevant reduced temperature.
−18 °C or colder If this method is chosen, the front-mounted ROPS and all mounting hardware shall be cooled to −18 °C or colder prior to beginning the dynamic test
In certain countries, compliance with this annex is mandatory A partial listing of these countries is given in Table A.1
Table A.1 — Countries for which proving cold weather embrittlement using the method described in this annex is mandatory
Canada CA United States US
NOTE The requirements and procedure in A.4 and A.5 are set forth as information until suitable International Standards are developed
Bolts and nuts used to attach the ROPS to the machine frame and connect its structural components must comply with specific property classes for optimal strength and safety Bolts should be property class 8.8, 9.8, or 10.9 in accordance with ISO 898-1:1999, while nuts must be property class 8, 9, or 10 per ISO 898-2:1992 standards Ensuring the use of these authorized property classes guarantees the structural integrity and safety of the ROPS.
A.3 All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mounts shall be compatible with the front-mounted ROPS material as given in A.4
A.4 steel materials used for the structural members of the front-mounted ROPS must demonstrate controlled toughness, meeting minimum Charpy V-notch impact energy requirements outlined in Table A.2 Structural members that are confirmed to be in plane stress or experience low strain rates—thereby preventing brittle fracture during low temperature field upsets—are exempt from these toughness requirements.
NOTE Steel with an as-rolled thickness less than 2,5 mm and with a carbon content less than 0,2 % is considered to meet this requirement
Front-mounted ROPS structural members made from non-steel materials must demonstrate equivalent low-temperature impact resistance Test specimens should be longitudinal samples taken from flat stock, tubular, or structural sections prior to forming or welding For tubular or structural sections, specimens must be extracted from the middle of the largest side and must not include welds to ensure accurate assessment of material performance.
A.5 The Charpy V-notch tests shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure in ASTM A370 2) , except that specimen sizes shall be in accordance with the dimensions given in Table A.2
A.6 One alternative to this procedure is to use killed or semi-killed steel for which a specification shall be provided
Table A.2 — Minimum Charpy V-notch energy requirements for front-mounted ROPS material at a specimen temperature of −20 °C and −30 °C
Absorbed energy Specimen size mm
The preferred size is indicated as 10 × 2.5 to 5.5, with specimen sizes not smaller than the largest preferred size permitted by the material At -20°C, the energy requirement is 2.5 times higher than at -30°C, impacting impact energy strength Additionally, factors such as the direction of rolling, yield strength, grain orientation, and welding significantly influence impact energy, and these considerations must be taken into account when selecting and utilizing steel.
Test report for front-mounted ROPS
Units shown below, according to ISO 1000 [2] , shall be stated followed by national units in parentheses if necessary
⎯ Name and address of manufacturer of front-mounted ROPS:
⎯ Make of front-mounted ROPS:
⎯ Model of the front-mounted ROPS:
⎯ Type of front-mounted ROPS (cab, frame, rear roll bar, cab with integrated frame, etc.):
⎯ Date and location of test
B.2.1 Identification of tractor to which a front-mounted ROPS is fitted for the test
⎯ Type [2 WD or 4 WD; rubber or steel tracks (if applicable); articulated 4 WD or articulated 4 WD with twin (dual) wheels (if applicable)]:
⎯ 1st serial No or prototype:
⎯ Model denomination(s) for other countries:
⎯ Transmission type of gears × range:
⎯ Speed version (30, 40 or other km/h):
⎯ Manufacturer identification or technical type number:
Front kg Rear kg Total kg
⎯ Reference mass used for calculating loading energies and crushing forces: kg
B.2.3 Wheelbase and moment of inertia
⎯ Wheelbase of the tested tractor: mm
⎯ Moment of inertia used for calculating impact energy at the rear: kg⋅m 2
B.2.4 Minimum track and tyre sizes
⎯ Tractor with a reversible driving position (reversible seat and steering wheel): Yes/No
⎯ Make/type/model of seat:
⎯ Make/type/model of optional seat(s) and position(s) of the seat index point (SIP):
(Description of seat 1 and SIP position)
(Description of seat 2 and SIP position)
(Description of seat… and SIP position)
B.3 Specification of front-mounted ROPS
B.3.1 Photographs from side and rear showing mounting details including mudguards
B.3.2 General arrangement drawing of the side and the rear of the structure including position of the seat index points (SIP) and details of mountings
B.3.3 Brief description of the front-mounted ROPS comprising:
⎯ details of cladding and padding;
⎯ means of access and escape;
B.3.4 Tiltable or not tiltable/folding or not folding structure
If it is necessary to tilt with any tools, this should be stated as follows:
⎯ Tiltable with tools/tiltable without tools 4)
If it is necessary to fold with any tools, this should be stated as follows:
⎯ Folding with tools/folding without tools 4)
Dimensions must be measured with the seat loaded in accordance with ISO 5353 to accurately determine the seat index point This measurement is essential for establishing the clearance zone, as specified by Clause 10 Proper adherence to these standards ensures precise assessment of seat dimensions and safety clearance.
When a tractor is equipped with various optional seats or features a reversible driving position, including a reversible seat and steering wheel, the dimensions relative to the seat index points must be measured for each configuration (SIP 1, SIP 2, etc.).
⎯ Height of roof members above the seat index point: mm
⎯ Height of roof members above the tractor footplate: mm
⎯ Interior width of the front-mounted ROPS (810 + a v ) mm above the seat index point: mm
⎯ Interior width of the front-mounted ROPS vertically above the seat index point at the level of the centre of the steering-wheel: mm
⎯ Distance from the centre of the steering-wheel to the right-hand side of the front-mounted ROPS: mm
⎯ Distance from the centre of the steering-wheel to the left-hand side of the front-mounted ROPS: mm
⎯ Minimum distance from the steering-wheel rim to the front-mounted ROPS: mm
⎯ above the highest mounting steps: mm
⎯ above the lowest mounting steps: mm
⎯ Overall height of the tractor with the front-mounted ROPS fitted: mm
⎯ Overall width of the front-mounted ROPS (if mudguards are included, this is to be stated): mm
⎯ Horizontal distance from the seat index point to the rear of the front-mounted ROPS at a height of (810 + a v ) mm above the seat index point: mm
⎯ Minimum overall width of the tractor (B) mm
⎯ Maximum outer width of the tractor (B b ) mm
B.3.6 Details of materials used in the construction of the front-mounted ROPS and specifications of steels used
Steel specifications shall be in conformity with ISO 630
⎯ Main frame: (parts – materials – sizes)
⎯ Is steel rimmed, semi-killed, killed?
⎯ Is steel rimmed, semi-killed, killed?
⎯ Assembly and mounting bolts: (parts – sizes)
B.3.7 Details of tractor manufacturer's reinforcements on original parts
B.4.1 Preliminary tests of lateral stability and non-continuous rolling
⎯ Make/type/model of tractor to which the front-mounted ROPS is fitted:
The tractor was positioned on its wheels, which were in contact with the ground, indicating an unstable equilibrium at an angle of at least 38° from the vertical This positioning confirmed that the conditions for lateral stability were satisfied, ensuring the tractor's balanced state under these specific circumstances.
State method chosen, according to 5.3.1
B.4.1.3.2 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling by means of the overturning test
The tractor was subjected to an overturning test and satisfied the acceptance conditions of 5.3.1.2 Therefore, it fulfils the requirements for the non-continuous rolling test
B.4.1.3.3 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling by means of calculation
Without an overturning test, non-continuous rolling behaviour was demonstrated by calculation, on the basis of the following measurements:
⎯ Height of centre of gravity: H 1 m
⎯ Horizontal distance between centre of gravity and front axle: L 2 m
⎯ Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and rear axle: L 3 m
⎯ Height of the front tyres under full axle load: D 2 m
⎯ Height of the rear tyres under full axle load: D 3 m
⎯ Height at the point of impact: H 6 m
The horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the vertical transverse plane through the impact point of the front-mounted ROPS is 6 meters If this impact point is located in front of the center of gravity plane, the distance should be indicated with a minus sign This measurement is essential for assessing rollover stability and designing effective safety structures for machinery Accurate calculation of this distance enhances the safety and performance analysis of equipment equipped with front-mounted ROPS.
⎯ Minimum width of the tractor: B m
⎯ Width of the front-mounted ROPS between the right and left points of impact: B 6 m
⎯ Height of the engine bonnet: H 7 m
⎯ Width of the engine bonnet: B 7 m
⎯ Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front corner of the engine bonnet: L 7 m
⎯ Height of the front-axle pivot: H 0 m
⎯ Front-axle swing angle from zero position to end of travel: D 0 radian
The sum of track, S, and tyre width, B 0 , shall be greater than the width, B 6 , of the protective structure as follows:
The tractor thus fulfils the conditions required for non-continuous rolling behaviour
Lateral stability and non-continuous rolling tests being established in accordance with this part of ISO 12003, the front-mounted ROPS is eligible for the strength tests
B.4.2 Impact/loading and crushing tests
⎯ Impact tests were carried out:
⎯ to the rear left/right
⎯ to the front right/left
⎯ to the side right/left
⎯ Mass used for calculating impact energies and crushing forces: kg
⎯ Wheelbase used for calculating energy at the rear: mm
⎯ Moment of inertia used to calculate energy at the rear: kg⋅m 2
⎯ during additional overload test: kN
⎯ Force applied to rear fixture: kN
B.4.2.2 Permanent deflections measured after the tests
⎯ Permanent deflections of the extremities of the protective structure measured after the series of tests:
⎯ Sideways (to the left/to the right):
Difference between total instantaneous deflection and residual deflection during:
⎯ sideways impact test (dynamic test): mm or
⎯ sideways loading test (static test): mm Indication and results of any additional test
The structure meets the acceptance criteria for clearance zone protection and complies with the roll-over protective structure standards specified in ISO 12003 The static test involving curve analysis confirms that the protective structure adheres to safety and performance requirements outlined in section B.4.2.3. -**Sponsor**Need help making your content shine and SEO-friendly? As a content creator, I know the struggle! Instead of rewriting, consider generating fresh, SEO-optimized articles instantly with [Article Generation](https://pollinations.ai/redirect-nexad/25C14gxO) Get 2,000-word articles and save over $2,500 a month compared to hiring a writer Think of it as your personal content team, minus the headaches, helping you bypass the rewrite and focus on growth!
A copy of the force/deflection curves derived during the tests shall be included
If a horizontal overload test was required, the reason for the overload shall be described and the copy of additional force/deflection curves obtained during overload shall be included
B.4.3 Cold weather performance (resistance to brittle fracture)
Method used to identify resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperature:
Steel specifications shall be in conformity with ISO 630
Steel specification: (reference and relevant standard)
Table B.1 — Tractors to which the protective structure is fitted
Other specifi- cations where applicable kg kg kg Yes/No mm mm
⎯ Test reference number according to ISO 12003-1:
⎯ Copy of the referenced original test report:
⎯ Date and location of test:
Previous Modification Certificate (MOD ) remains/does not remain valid
B.5.1 Specification of the protective structure
⎯ Serial number from which modification applies:
B.5.2 Denomination of tractors to which the protective structure is fitted
Other specifi- cations where applicable kg kg kg Yes/No mm mm
Since the original test report, the following modifications have been made:
The effect of these modifications on the strength of the protective structure has been examined
The modifications are considered not to affect the results of the original test
The original test report therefore applies to the protective structure of the modified tractor
Drafted on the responsibility of who carried out the original test, this certificate is circulated as an annex to the original test report and subject to the same circulation
Non-continuous rolling test procedure — Calculation method
A computer program for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning narrow-track tractor with a front-mounted ROPS is available in OECD standard Code 6 [5] See Figure C.1
To verify non-continuous rolling through calculation, it is essential to determine the characteristics outlined in Table C.1 and referenced in Figure C.2 The sum of parameters S and B₀ must exceed B₆ to meet the criteria Measurement methods for these parameters are detailed in OECD Standard Code 6, ensuring accuracy and compliance in the assessment process. -**Sponsor**Sounds like you need help rewriting your article to be SEO-friendly and coherent! It can be tough to rework technical content Did you know that [Article Generation](https://pollinations.ai/redirect-nexad/Y9O4oZy8) can instantly create 2,000-word SEO-optimized articles? That could save you tons of time and money compared to manual rewriting or hiring a writer It's like having a content team ready to assist you in generating engaging and optimized articles, without the usual expenses!
Table C.1 — Measurements required for the non-continuous rolling calculation
The measurement parameters include the rear tyre width (0 m) and the width of the front-mounted ROPS (6 m), as well as the width of the engine bonnet (7 m) The front-axle swing angle, from horizontal to stop, is 0 radians The heights of the front and rear tyres under full axle load are 2 m and 3 m, respectively The height of the front-axle pivot is 0 m, while the height of the center of gravity is 1 m The height at the point of impact is 6 m, and the height of the engine bonnet is 7 m The horizontal distance from the center of gravity to the front axle is 2 m, and to the rear axle is 3 m Additionally, the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the vertical transverse plane through the impact point of the front-mounted ROPS is also specified, noting that this distance is negative if the impact point plane lies in front of the center of gravity.