Tiêu chuẩn tiêu chuẩn iso 05187 1985 scan

Difu ion phenomena oc ur at the contact s r faces givin rise to, inthe interface, a series of new a lloy diferent from one another and diferent from b th the joinin material and the b as

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INT ER AT I N L OR A IZATION FR ST AN A DIZAT IO *MEX.U H P A A O PrA HM3AlJMR n CTA A PTM3A~CIMWR A lS TlO INTE N T I N LE D NORMALIS T I N

So dag e t te h iq e c n ee - Asemblag se é uté av cde produis d'ap ort debrasag te dre et de brasag fort

-Méth de d'e saimé aniq e

Fir st e ition - 198 5-0 -01

Desc ipto s : weldin , b ra zin - a d s ld rin , b ra ze - a d s ld re joints, t est s, me h nic l t est s, se r te ts, t en io te sts , te t e uipme t

IS0(the InternationalOr ganization for Stand rdization)is a worldwid fe eration of

national stand r ds b dies (IS0 memb r b dies) The work of pre arin International

Stand r ds is normaly car r ie out throu h IS0tec nical commite s Eac memb r

b dy intereste ina s bject for whic a tec nical commite has b en esta ls e has

the rig t to b re resente on that commite International or ganization , govern-

mental and non-gover nmental, in laison with EO, a lso take p rt inthe work

Draf InternationalStand rds a o te by the tec nical commite s are circ late to

the memb r b dies for a proval b fore their ac e tan e as International Stand r ds by

the IS0Cou ci They are a pr ove inac ord n e with IS0proce ur es re uirin at

lea st 7 % a proval by the memb r b dies votin

International Stand rd IS0518 w a s pr ep r ed b Tec nical Commite ISO/TC 4,

Weldin and aled pro es s

I ca nc els and re la c es IS036 8 3-197 8 the s o e of whic w as more lmite

0 International Or ganization for Stand r dization, 19 5 O

Printe in Sw itzerla d

soft solder s and brazing fi ler metals - Mechanical test

O Introduction

A joint is not a homogene u b dy but a heterogenou as s em-

bly forme from diferent mater ials havin diferent ph sical

and c emical pro erties In the simplest case, it con ists of fi er

metal and the b as e metal Difu ion phenomena oc ur at the

contact s r faces givin rise to, inthe interface, a series of new

a lloy diferent from one another and diferent from b th the

joinin material and the b as e metal

Inthe study of the stren th of s c heter ogene u joints, the

simplfie h p theses of the the ry of elasticity - vald for a

homogene u metal c b dy or st res es due to external forces

tran mite u iformly fromanelement of s rface or volume to

neig b urin elements - are no lon er a plca le

He nce , the notion of "joinin material stren th" ne ds to b

lmite strictly tometal soldifie afer meltin Conversely , the

stren thof an as embly is a fu ctionofthe intrin ic stren th of

the fi er metal and a s e ries of exter nal factors I folows that

tests d sig e to d termine this stren thne d to b car rie out

.ac or din topr ecise con ention , tak in into ac ou t ina di-

tion to the c aracteristic of the joinin material itself

a s e rie s

of external factor s, nota ly:

s a e of the sp cimen;

flu us e d;

-in temp r atur e, he tin rat e, etc ;

- time at joinin temp ratur e;

- joint c lea ra nc e;

- n mb r of tests;

-

-comp sition and stren th of b ase metal;

ge metry and state of the s rface of the joint

brazin or sold rin tec nique u e (he t sourc e, join-

metho u e to interpret the r es lts;

nature and s iz e of faults at the fracture s rface

To u d rstand the stren th of a joine a ssembly, this Inter

national Stand rd alows the d termination of the folowin

c aracteristic :

a) for brazin fi er metal

-temp rature or hot

-temp rature or hot

the in tantane u ten ie stren th, c old, at ambient

the in tantane u s e r stren th, cold, at ambient

-the cr ee stren th at elevate temp r atur es;

b) for sof sold r

-temp rature or hot

-hot the in tantane u s he ar stren th, cold, at ambient

the cr ee stren th, cold, atambient temp rature or

for a given brazin fi er met a l, flu and b as e metal

So that the tests are re ro u ible and c omp rable, it is imp r

tant to u e ten ie and s e ar sp cimen of a wel-d fine typ

and have r ecour se to a p rec ise o eratin metho This Inter

national Stand rd me ts this o jective

1

Scope and field of appl c tion

This International Stand rd d fines the prin iples and the

tec nique of the tests d sig e tod termine the con entional

mec anical c aracteristic of a ssembles pro u e with sof

sold rs and brazin fi er metals: it also sp cifies a- metho of

interpretin the res lts o taine

This International Stand rd is a plca le to joinin mater ials

and their flu es whic are u e for sold rin and brazin of fer

rou and non-ferou metals and aloy

2 1.1 Con entionals e r stren th

For the d termination of the con entional s he ar stren th, an

a ssembly of two fite p iec es is u e with pr ed termine joint

cle r an e so that the br aze joint is s bject to a s ea r str es

when a ten ie force is a ple to the sp cimen

Two sp cimen are pro ose (se fig res 1and 21 , the o erator

havin a c oice b twe n the two The typ of sp cimen c osen

s al b note inthe test re ort

2.1.2 Con entionalten ie stren th

For the d termination of the con entionalten ie stren th, an

a ssembly ma de end-to-end on two ba rs with a pre etermine

joint cle r an e atthe extremities is us ed

Fig r e 3 gives the dimen ion of the ten ie sp cimen

2.2 Ch ic of ba e metal an joint cle ranc

In or der too tainfracture at the joint the b ase metal s a ll b

c hosen, as far as p s ible, so that the fractur e lo d of the

br a ze a ssembly is lower than the loa d cor r esp ndin to the

ela stic lmit of the b ase metal

In pr a ct ice, if da ta is r equire for a sp cific a pplc a tion, the

p r ent metal for the sp c imen s a ll b the metal u e for the

comp nents in the cas e b in c on id red Simia r ly , the joint

c lea r a nc e inthe sp cimen s al b that u e inthe a plcation

The b as e metal and the joint c le ranc e s a ll b indicate inthe

test r ep r t

2.3 Preparatio of the surfa e

Bef or e the br azin o er ation, the s r f a ces to b br a ze ne d to

b clea n and c le r of oxid s, gre ase , oi, pa int etc A pr oces

a nd a cle nin agent s ite to the r equirements of the b as e

meta l s a ll b u e

Simiar l , the sp ec imen s a ll p os s e s s, at the joints, a s r face

conditioncor resp ndin to a r ou h es , Ra,b tw een 1,6 and

3,2 pm if they are c op er or co p r a lloy and a rou h es

b twe n 1,6 and 6,3 Iim if they are in non-aloye ste l

If the tests a r e d sig e for a p rtic lar case, the s r face con-

ditions a ll b that corr esp ndin tothe cas e u d r con id r -

at ion

The cle nin pro u t and proc es as wel as the s r face con-

dition at the joints s al b indicate inthe test r ep r t

2.4 Appl c tio of joining materiel an flux

The comp nent p r ts of the sp ec imen are a ssemble ina v er -

tical p sition, and the joinin ma terial, inan a pro r iate form

(w ir e, p wd r , etc is place at one sid of the joint ins f-

ficient quantity to fi the joint afer meltin

I it is neces a r y tou e a flu , a teste flu s ita le for the fi er

ma ter ia l and the b se metal s al b u e ; the u e of the flu

s a ll conformto the man factur er ’ in tru tion

The c aracter i tic of the flu s al b d taie in the test

r ep r t

2.5 He ting co ditio s

A s p ort d sig e to hold the sp cimen v er tica lly , in the

p sitionindicate in fig r es 1, 2 and 3, can b u e In order to

a v oid a ny lo d onthe joint durin co ln , this s p ort s a ll not

o stru t the contraction and exp n ion of the sp ec imen

as embly

In the cas e of he tin with an oxy -a cety lene f la me, the a -

pa r a tu s owninfig re 4 can b u e This con ists of a b se

pla te (1)onwhic is mou te a sp cimen s p ort (21, a c lamp-

in s stem (3) and a pivotin s p ort (4) for the blow-pip

s own s hematicaly at r ef er enc e p int (5 )

Other jg in arr an ements can b u e to s it the c osen

he tin metho

The as embly is r a ise tothe joinin temp r atur e by mea ns of

the selecte he tin metho (torc , indu tion, f ur nac e, etc If

it is not hea te u iformly ov er the complete len th (for

exa mple, torc hea tin , indu tion he tin ) it is es ential to

en ur e thatthe u iformjoinin temp r atur e is reac he ov er a

distan e of 10 mmeither sid of the joint

Su gestion

I he tin is c arr ie out by torc or indu tion, the sp cimen

he tin c yc le s ould b s c that the meltin temp r atur e

of the joinin mater ial is r eac he in 4 to 60 s , the he tin

c cle b in prolon e for 5 s afer this temp r atur e ha s

b en r ea che W ith the ex e tion of p r tic lar sp cifica-

tion , the sp cimen ne d to b maintaine at the brazin

temp ratur e for a p r io of 10 to 3 s

Al the o er atin condition s a ll b enter ed in the test r ep r t

NOTE - I the sp ci m en s h ave to b mae in order to ob tain f un-

damental nformation, the he atin condition are lef to the init ia t ive of

the test controle r

2.6 Number of spe imens

2.6.1

at ambient temp r ature or cold

Fiv e sp c imen are neces a r y to d ter mine the stren th

2.6.2 Fiv e toten sp ec imen a r e nec es ary toplot a c r ve of

stren that hig temp r atur e or u d r c r ee

Afer joinin , the ten ie and s e r sp c imen are mac ine a c -

cordin to fig r es 1, 2 and 3 in s c a way thatthe stren th

pr op r ties of the joint wi not b influen e

Al tests are c arr ie out injg ona mac ine p s es in (pr efe-

r ably) a dju ta ble c lamps in ord r to avoid pa r a sitic

b ndin stres es inthe sp c imen The s ea r tests onthe sp -

c imen s owninfig r es 1and 2 a r e c arr ie out withthe mou -

tin a r r a ngement s s own infig r es 5 and 6

The joint stren th expres e inmega pa sca ls (MPa) is o taine

by dividin the fracture lo d expres e in newton by the s r -

f ac e area of the braze joint’) expres e in squa r e mi metr es

The r es lts ofthe fracture examination s a ll b note in the test

r ep r t

For the in tantane u s ea r and ten ie tests at cold, at

ambient temp r atur e (b twe n 18 and 2 OC) or at hottemp -

r a ture, imp sin of the lo d ne ds to b ca r rie out withthe

test mac ine r eg late [rate of displacement expres e in

micrometres p r second (pm/s) or reg lation of force ex-

pr es e innewton p r second (N/s)lso as to b comp tible

with the c ar acter i tic of the fi er meta l s bmite to the

tests

1)

If faults h ave a p ar ed in the fractured s rface, the surface s al b analy ed a d the presen e of faults indicate d in the test re ort

2

The in tantane u hots e ar orten ie sp cimen s al b e put

u d r lo d ona ten ie mac ine e uip e witha furnace The

sp cimen temp rature s al b sta i ze for 1 h b fore imp -

sin the lo d and furnace temp rature reg lation s al b e within

+I %

For cr ee test sp c imen , a cre plfracture mac ine s al b

u e The temp rature s al b sta i ze for 2 hb fore imp s-

in the lo d and furnace temp rature reg lation s al b within

f 1 % If cre p is carr ie out at amtjent temp r atur e, the later

re uirement is a question of judgment

The fracture s rface ne ds to b examine and the res lts of

the examinations al b e note in the test re ort

3.1

tensie te ts at ambient temperature

Interpretatio of instantaneo s she r an

To faci tate the a plcation of the in tantane u s he ar test

r es lts at ambient temp r ature, it is p s ible to us e a statistical

interpretation by calc latin the mea n and stand rd d viation

of the test res lts

This me an, 5 and stand rd d viation, s, are d termine as

folows:

- c Xi

x=

-n

Sin e the r es lts are for a given joinin mater ial, the mea n value

can b fixe totend toa minimum Mo

This proce ure can b explaine as folows:

- the ratios b twe n the varia i ty due to the test

metho and the varia i ty due to the joinin mater ial itself

are not known;

- to fix a ran e of "minimum toleran es" d mands

severa l prelminary tests for a ll the typ s of existin joinin

mater ials:

- the n mb r of tests re uire to evaluate the "minimum

toler an es" is gener aly hig er than that re uire for the

evaluation of me n

Und r these condition and con id rin the r es lts of n t est s,

one fixes as a rule to ac e t a joinin mater ial of a given

clas ificationwhen it is c ar acter i e by a minimum me n Mo

s c that

- the pro a i ty of ac e tin a joinin material for whic

the mea n stren th is le ss thanMo is at most e ual to a smal

n mb r

j?(c stomer's risk )

- a joinin material givin a lar ge the retical pro ortion P

of res lts hig er thanMo is ac e te ina large n mb r of

cas es ( - a), a b in the man facturer's risk

I S0 518 -1985 (E)

T hese condition s al b resp cte whatever the u known

stand rd d viation c aracterizin the b haviour of the joinin

material durin the test

Each joinin material is con id r ed to fulfi the fixe condition

con ernin M, if the mea n Xofthe r es lts xi of n tests satisfies

the condition :

Y- ks

>

Mo

I one fixes the risk a - B = 0,l for P = 1 %, one finds by

referin to existin var ia le sampln ta les that

for n = 5

k = 0,68

o

Und r these condition , i?b in the mea n of five tests, one

s ould ha v e

Y- 0,6 s > Mo

The calc lation k and n is b se on the fact that in a first

a proximation, the res lts folow a normal law The u certain

var ia le

folows Stud nt's law (if the mea n is Mo)or a d centre

Stud nt's law of 1,21 6 fi (whenP = 1 %), and k and n

va lues are d termine by the two condition :

Pr (t> k n) = a = 0,l ít centre )

Pr (t> k n) = j = 0,l ( decentre )

The en isage risk s ee ms r easona le for the fixe test condi-

tion b ca use it imples a smal n mb r of tests w hic , from an

economic viewp int is far from neglgible

3.2 Hot instantaneo s she r te t

The hot in tantane u s ea r tests p rmit the plotin of the

c rve for fracture s tre ss , in mega a sc als, as a fu ction of

temp r atur e, ind gr ees Celsiu

Fig r e 7 s ows an example of a c rve o taine from thre

temp rature tests

3.3 Cre p she r te ts

Withone or severa l temp r atur es, the o jective of these tests is

to plot one or several c rves:

Fr acture s tre s s, in mega pas a ls =

f (time to fr acture, in

hours)

The st res es ne d tob c osen ins c a way as too tainfrac-

ture times b twe n0,l and IO3 h For sp cial cas es , it wi b e

p s ible to researc h st res es givin fracture times of IO5 or

IO6 h

Fig r e 8gives a metho for presentin the res lts

@ O h8

T

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-Te t pie e d tais

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Dime sio s in mi metr es, s rfa e

ro g n s v lue s in micrometre

Fier metal

Te t pie e before brazin

Te t pie e afer ma hinin

Fig re 1 - T p e I s hea rin te t p ie c e dime ns io s

D ime sio ns in mi metes , sura e

ro ug n ss valu s in micr ome tr e s

X A ccordin t o ga p

.Ga outlet

Fi er me ta l

7

Te t pie e d tais ' Te t pie e before brazin or sold rin Te t pie e afer ma hinin

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