Tiêu chuẩn iso 03160 2 2015

© ISO 2015 Watch cases and accessories — Gold alloy coverings — Part 2 Determination of fineness, thickness, corrosion resistance and adhesion Boîtes de montres et leurs accessoires — Revêtements d’al[.]

Watch-cases and ac c essories — Gold

Part 2:

B oîe s de mo tre s et leurs ac e ssoire s — Revê tement d’aliage d’or —

Partie 2: Déte mination du titr , de l’é aisseur, de la résista c à la

cor osion et de l’adh r nc

i © ISO 201 – A ll rights reserved

© ISO 201 , P blshed in Sw itz rlan

A ll rig hts r eserved Unles otherw ise spe ified, nopar of this p blc tion ma y be r epr od c d or utilz d otherw ise in an form

or b an me ns, ele tr onic or me hanic l, inclu in p oto opying , or postin on the internet or an intranet , w ithout prior

written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 General 2

5 Deter minatio of g old finenes 2

5.1 General 2

5.2 Methodsof g old finenes dete mination 2

6 Deter minatio of thicknes 3

7 Deter minatio of the c orrosio resistanc e 3

7.1 Forms of corrosion 3

7.2 Sampl ng an pr eparation 4

7.2.1 General 4

7.2.2 Tes of finished items (r eady-for-use con ition) 4

7.2.3 Tes of co ting pr oc s (without pas iv tion tr eatment) 4

7.2.4 Non-sig nificant surfac s 4

7.3 Contin ity of the co e ing (por osity tes ) 4

7.3.1 General 4

7.3.2 Tes for a co pe -containing b se metal with or w ithout nickel, an die-cas zinc-b sed alo s 4

7.3.3 Tes a fe rous b se metal 5

7.3.4 Non-dete mination of b se metal 6

7.3.5 Tes ing with nitric acid v p ur 6

7.4 Synthetic pe spiration tes 6

7.4.1 Tes ves el 6

7.4.2 Tes solution .6

7.4.3 Position of the sample 6

7.4.4 Temperatur e d ring the tes 6

7.4.5 Duration of the tes 6

7.5 Neutr al salnemis tes 7

7.5.1 General 7

7.5.2 Crite ia 7

7.6 Tes of the efe ts of ag ent containing sulfur 7

7.6.1 Thio c tamide tes .7

7.6.2 Flowe s of sulfur tes in a mois atmospher e 7

8 Adhesio test 7

A nne x A (normative) Meth d of o taining a sample of g old alo c over ing 8

A nne x B (normative) Implementation of the referenc e metho s for the deter minatio of g old alo c oating finenes 10

A nne x C (normative) Des riptio of the main tests for deter minatio of the thicknes of g old alo c over ing s 12

Biblog raphy 14

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sp nsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the fol owing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sponsible for this document is ISO/TC 1 4, Horolo y, Subcommitt ee SC 6, Prec io s

metal c ove in s

This fourth edition canc ls an r plac s the third edition (ISO 3 60- 2:2 0 ), of w hich it cons itut es a

t ech ical r vision

ISO 3 6 consis s of the folowing p rt , u de the g ene al title Watch-c as es a d acc es s ories — G old

alo c ove in s:

— Part 1: G ene al r q ir ments

— Part 2 : Dete min tion o finenes s , thicknes s , c or os io  r s i s ta c e a d adhes i on

Gold alo co tings dep sit ed on wat ch-cases an their ac es ories ha e t o comply with t echnical,

de orative r q ir ment and ha e t o also satis y national rules a out pr cious metals

This part of ISO 3 6 aims t o spe ify co ting charact erization methods t o q al fy their cor osion

r sis anc an their adhesion t o the subs rat e conc rning es hetical and t ech ical aspe t , an t o

spe ify methods t o det ermine thicknes an g old f inenes of these co tings t o che k that they satis y

the r q ir ment ofISO 3 60-1

Watch-cases and ac c essories — Gold al oy c overing s —

Part 2:

Determinat ion offineness, thickness, corr osion

This p rt of ISO 3 6 spe if ies methods t o det ermine f inenes , thick es , cor osion r sis anc an

adhesion for g old alo coverings on wat ch-cases an ac es ories, inclu ing brac let w hen they ar

pe manently at ached t o the case

The t es s a ply only t o significant surfac s

This part of ISO 3 6 a ples t o al g old alo co e ings spe ified in ISO 3 6 -1

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 146 , Metal c  a d ox ide c oatin s — Meas ur ment o c oatin  thicknes s — Mic rosc opic al meth d

ISO 2 7 , Metal c c oatin s  Meas ur me nt o c oatin  thicknes   Co lometric meth d b  a odic dis solutio

ISO 3 6 -1, Watch-c as es a d ac c es s ories — G old alo c ove in s — Part 1: G ene al r q ir ments

ISO 349 , Metal c c oatin s — Meas ur ment o c oatin  thickness — X-ray s pec trometric  meth ds

ISO 3 43, Metal c a d n n-metal c c oatin s — Meas ur ment o thicknes s — B eta b ck sc atte  meth d

ISO 3 6 , Metal c  a d othe  n n-org nic c oatin s — Meas ur ment o c oatin  thicknes s es — Fi zea  

multiple -beam inte fe ometr y meth d

ISO 45 8, Metal c c oatin s — Thio c etamide c or os ion tes t (TAA tes t)

ISO 9 2 , Metal c c oatin s — Meas ur ment o c oatin  thickness — Sc an in  elec tro  mic ros c ope meth d

ISO 9 2 , Cor os io  tes ts in artific ial atmos phe es — S lt s pra  tes ts

ISO 1 42 , Jeweler y  Dete min tio  o g ld in g ld jewele y  alo s — Cu elatio  meth d (ir  as s ay)

ISO 1 68 , Metal c c oatin s — Poros it y tes ts — Humid s ulf r ( lowe s o s ulf r) tes t

ISO 14647, Metal c c oatin s — Determin tio  o p ros it y in g ld c oatin s o  metal s ubs trates — Nitric 

ac id v p ur tes t

ISO 2 8 4, Metal c a d othe in rg nic c oatin s — Elec trodep s ited g ld a d g ld alo c oatin s fr

e lec tric al, elec tro ic  a d en ine rin  p rp ses — S ec ific ation a d tes t meth ds

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the folowing t ermsand definitions a ply

significant surface

p rt of the surfac w hich is t o r c ive the g old alo co e ing and w hich is es ential t o the a pearanc

an se vic a i ty of the comp nent

Not e 1 t o entry: When there is no a re ment b tween the su plier an cust omer, a signif icant surface is

considered to b an surface which can b t ouched by a 5 mm diamet er b l

In the cont ext of this p rt of ISO 3 6 , the t erm “cor osion” inclu es tarnishing an o idation, as wel

as surfac penetration an the efe t of the penetration of cor osive ag ent int o p rosity an mic

o-discontin ities of the prot ection

It is g ene aly r q ir d that, ex cept w he espe if ied t o the contrary, g old-alo -co e ed surfac s should

not ha e sufe ed any damag e aft er each of the pro osed t es s In practic , howeve , this con ition

is neve s rictly fulf iled an c rtain minor chang es ar o se ved, espe ialy at the edg es of the g

old-co e ed p rt Conseq ently, int erpr tation of the r sult r q ir s a c rtain amou t of common sense

an , if ne es ary, a r ement betwe n the sup le an cust ome The pr senc of such almos inevita le

fa ult makes it imp s ible t o sel the t est ed it em as new In this r spe t, the t es s ar the efor t o be

conside ed t o be des ructive

The t es methods a ply t o al g ld alo co e ings spe if ied in ISO 3 6 -1

5 Determination of g old finenes

5.1 General

If the finenes is measur d on a g old alo co e ing w hich issep rat ed from the b se metal, the method

used t o sep rat e the g old alo co e ing from the base metal shal not afe t the f inenes of the g old

co e ing t o a significant ext ent

F or multia e co e ings, the co e ing cont ent measur d is the mean cont ent, w hich shal be a minimum

of 5 5 part pe thousan , in ac ordanc with ISO 3 6 -1

The method of sep ration of the sample is spe ified in Annex A

5.2 Methods of g old finenes deter mination

Any of the folowing methods shal be used for the det ermination of cont ent :

a) chemical analysis b r d ction in an aq eous solution of, for ex mple, sulfur dio ide or any othe

suita le r d cing ag en

b) analy sis b

1) cupelation (fir t es ) as spe if ied in ISO 1 42 ,

2) Ene g Dispe sive Spe trosco y on S anning Ele tron Mic osco y ( SEM/EDS),

3) at omic a sorption spe trometry,

4 ) spe tro hot ometry,

5) X-ra spe trometry as spe ified in ISO 349 ,

6) plasma emis ion spe trometry (ICP method);

c) t ouchst onemethod (only t o be used t o ev luat e the a pro imat e finenes );

d) any othe phy sico-chemical method.

Any method used shal be ca a le of giving an in ication of f inenes t o within an ac uracy of 5 part

pe thousan

In the event of arbitration, cupelation an SEM/EDS ar the r fe enc methods

The implementation of the two r fe enc methods is desc ibed in An ex B

6 Determination of thicknes

Any of the folowing t es methods for the det ermination of the thick es of g old alo co tings shal be

used, pro ided a measuring ac uracy of ± 0 % is guarant eed:

a) the mic ose tion method spe if ied in ISO 146 for a thick es of 5 µm (– 20 % ) and a o e (local

thick es );

b) the dis olution method an chemical analy sis for any thick es of g old al o co e ing (a e ag e

thick es )spe ified in ISO 2 8 4;

c) dis olution an measur ment b the mic omet er method spe ified in ISO 146 ;

d) thebeta-ra b ckscatt er method spe ified in ISO 3 43;

e) theX-ra spe trometric method ( fluor sc nc ) spe ified in ISO 3497 ;

f) thecoulometric method (coulometric method b anodic dis olution)spe if ied in ISO 2 77 ;

g) thef iz au multiple-beam int erfe ometry method spe ified in ISO 3 6 ;

h) thescanning ele tron mic osco e method spe ified in ISO 9 2 ;

i) any othe phy sical-chemical method w hich can guarant ee ac uracy

In the event of arbitration, the mic ose tion method spe if ied in ISO 1463 shal be used (local thick es )

7 Determination of the c orrosion r esistanc e

7.1 F r ms of c or r osion

The v rious forms of cor osion which a pear on a g ld-al oy-cover d article ma be divided into

thr e groups

a) Cor osion of the b se metal at point w he e the e ar g ps in the co e ing: ele trochemical c l s

ma act at these point an ac ele at e penetration, an also at he b u dary betwe n the co e ing

an the base metal

b) A ttack caused b sal ne ag ent or p s ibly b midly acidic ag ent (contact with pe spiration,

packa ing, leathe s or c rtain plas ics): the prod ct of cor osion ma be of v rious colours, i.e

orang e, violet, blue, gr en or brown

c) A ttack ca used b sulfur-containing ag ent (atmosphe ic hydrog en sulfide, vulcaniz d rub e , et c ):

such ag ent ma also at ack the b se metal at point w he e the e ar g psin the prot ective co e ing

In ad ition, they cause chang esin the surfac colouring, w hich ma even turn mat an black

The pro osed t es s make it p s ible for these v rious efe t t o be dis inguished t o a c rtain ext ent

Gold alo co e ings shal be r sis ant in al the environment desc ibed below A ccording t o the natur

of the article, the sup le ma , with the a r ement of the cust ome , det ermine the n mbe of it ems t o

be submitt ed t o each t es

The develo ment of cor osion is closely al ed t o the r lative h midity of the ambient environment

7.2 S mpl ng and pr eparation

7.2.1 General

A ccording t o the natur of the article, the sup le ma , with the a r ement of the cust ome , det ermine

the n mbe of it ems t o be submitt ed t o each t es an the t es con itions The t es con itions shal be

s at ed in the t es r p rt

The tes s for determination of the cor osion r sis anc ar a plca le to finished it ems in the con ition in

which they ar sup led to custome s They can also be a ppled d ring man ufa ctur , but any interpr tation

of r sult shal take into a ccou t the form w hich the item wi take when in it final con ition

7.2.2 Test of finished items (read y-for-use c ondition)

If the item to be tes ed is delver d in the r ady-for -use con ition, no cleaning o e ation shal be

car ied out It is wel k own that r sid es r maining af e insuff icient rinsing have a conside a le

efe t on tarnishing It is ne es ary for the item to be t es ed in the con ition in w hich it wi l be r c ived

b the cus ome

7.2.3 Test of c oating pr oc es (witho t pas i vatio treatment)

When t es ing the q alty of the co ting on significant surfac s, car shal be taken t o a oid any un sual

influenc The sample shal be complet ely cleaned, f irs b the use of a wat er-b sed det erg ent with

ultrasonic a itation, then in a solution of dis i ed wat er an ethanol or iso ro anol Degr asing in a

chlorinat ed solvent is insufficient

7.2.4 No -sig nificant surfac es

The non-signif icant surfac s of the o je t shal be co t ed with a lacq e or a co e ing w hich is

suff iciently r sis ant t o pr vent any at ack on the prot ect ed metal throughout he d ration of the t es

7.3 Continuity of the c over ing (por osity test)

Use a suita le closed ves el, made of glas or acid-r sis ant plas ic, an ex ose the sample t o the

cor osive atmosphe e on al sides

7.3.2.2 Test solutio

Thesolution shal be of the folowing comp sition:

— ac tic acid: (CH

3COOH, ρ

— deioniz d wat er:a mas fraction of 5 %

The ves el shal be f iled with this solution t o a height of a out 1 mm The wals of the ves el shal be

l ned with thick w hit e blot ing p pe w hich dips int o the lq id

7.3.2.3 Position of the sample

The sample shal be suspen ed on a glas ho k at a dis anc of at leas 3 mm from the lq id an the

wals ofthe ves el

7.3.2.4 Temperatur e dur ing the test

The t empe atur d ring the t es shal be (2 ± 2) °C

7.3.2.5 Duration of the test

The d ration of the t es shal be 24 h

7.3.2.6 Criteria

When o se ved, the sample shal not r veal t o the naked eye eithe gr en dro let or ac umulations

of gr en dep sit anyw he e on the significant surfac On die-cas zinc -b sed aloy s, no w hit e dep sit

shal a pear

7.3.3 Test a fer rous base metal

7.3.3.1 Test ves el

The t es shal be car ied out in a suita le closed ves el made of glas or acid-r sis ant plas ic, in w hich

the sample is ex osed t o a cor osive atmosphe e on al sides

7.3.3.2 Test solutio

The solution shal ha e the folowing comp sition:

— c y stal ne sodium meta isulf it e (Na

2S

2O

5p.a ACS, synonyms: sodium p rosulfit e, sodium

disulfit e):a mas fraction of 45 %;

— deioniz d wat er:a mas fraction of 5 %

The ves el shal be f iled with this solution t o a height of a out 1 mm The wals of the ves el shal be

l ned with thick w hit e blot ing p pe w hich dips int o the lq id

7.3.3.3 Positio of the sample

The sample shal be suspen ed on a glas ho k at a dis anc of at leas 3 mm from the lq id an the

wals of the ves el

7.3.3.4 Temperatur e dur ing the test

The t empe atur d ring the t es shal be (2 ±2) °C

7.3.3.5 Duration of the test

The d ration of the t es shal be 24 h

7.3.3.6 Criteria

When o se ved, the sample shal not r veal t o the naked eye any trac s of cor osion anyw he e on the

signif icant surfac Slght g ene al tarnishing of low-carat co tings is admis ible